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Module-4.-Part1-Analyzing-and-Interpreting-Data

The document outlines Integrated Science Process Skills focusing on analyzing and interpreting data, specifically through frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, and measures of variability. It explains how frequency distribution organizes data to show occurrences of values, while measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) provide a central value representing a dataset. The document includes examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts.

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ANGELICA SARMIENTO
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0 views

Module-4.-Part1-Analyzing-and-Interpreting-Data

The document outlines Integrated Science Process Skills focusing on analyzing and interpreting data, specifically through frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, and measures of variability. It explains how frequency distribution organizes data to show occurrences of values, while measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) provide a central value representing a dataset. The document includes examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

ANGELICA SARMIENTO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integrated Science Process Skills (Part II)

– 3rd Quarter

Research I
Module 4. Analyzing and
Interpreting Data
Content

Descriptive Analysis
Lesson 1. Frequency Distribution
Lesson 2. Measure of Central Tendency
Lesson 3. Measure of Variability
Learning Competency
6. use appropriate measuring and
observation tools in gathering data
SSP_RS7-IPS-III-p-20
7. evaluate gathered data
SSP_RS7-IPS-III-q-r21
Lesson 1. Frequency
Distribution
Frequency Distribution
is a way to organize and display
data that shows how often each
value or range of values occurs
in a dataset. It essentially tells you
how many times each particular
outcome happened.
Example
Think of it like this:
Imagine you have 4 bags of marbles
with different colors. A frequency
distribution would tell you how
many red marbles you have, how
many blue marbles, how many green
marbles, and so on.
Example
#1 #2 #3 #4
Frequency distributions are useful
because they:
•Summarize data: They make large datasets
easier to understand by organizing them into a more
manageable format.
•Identify patterns: They help you see which
values are most common, which are less common,
and if there are any outliers.
•Prepare data for further analysis: They
are a fundamental tool used in many statistical
analyses.

Example
Let's say you have the following test
scores for 10 students:
75, 80, 85, 90, 80, 70, 85, 95, 80,

Score Tally Frequency


70
75
80
85
90
95
75 75, 80, 85, 90, 80, 70, 85, 95,
80, 75
75, 80, 85, 90, 80, 70, 85, 95,
80, 75
Score Tally Frequency
70 l 1
75 ll 2
80 lll 3
85 ll 2
90 l 1
95 l 1
Exercise
Let's say you have the following test
scores for 15 students:

39, 74, 80, 54, 65, 39, 90, 80, 54,


95, 67, 56, 54, 65, 39
Lesson 2.
Measures of Central
Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency
• statistical measures that describe
the center or average of a
dataset
• provide a single value that
represents the typical or central
value in the distribution
The three most common measures of
central tendency are:
Mean
Media
n
Mode
The choice of which measure to use
depends on the type of data and the
research question.
Mean
• The arithmetic
average of all the
values in the dataset.
• It can be used for continuous
and discrete data

Uses of Mean
• Ideal for normally distributed data
without significant outliers.
• Often used in further statistical
analysis, such as
calculating standard deviation and
variance. • Common in everyday
calculations like average speed or
temperature.
Formula
sum of all measures

mean
number of values of X
Example
Let's consider the following dataset
representing the scores of 5 students on a
20-item quiz:

5, 8, 12, 6,
4
Dataset:
1. Add up all the numbers in the dataset.
2. Count the total number of values in the
dataset.
3. Divide the sum of the numbers by the total
number of values.
5, 8, 12, 6,
4
Example
Dataset:
1. Sum: 5 + 8 + 12 + 6 + 4
= 35
2. Count: There
are 5 numbers in the dataset.
3. Divide: 35 / 5 = 7

=
7
Median Md
• The middle value
when the data set is
arranged in order
Uses of Median
•More appropriate for skewed data or
data with outliers, as it is less affected by
extreme values.
•Often used in fields like economics
(median income) and healthcare (median
survival time).
Example
Dataset: 2, 4, 6, 8, 19
1. Arrange the data in ascending
order. 2. If the dataset has an odd
number of values, the median is the
middle value.
=
6
Example
3. If the dataset has an even
number of values, the median is
the average of the 2, 4, 6,
two middle values.
8
Dataset:
1. Arrange: The data is already in order.
2. Average: The two middle values are 4 and 6.
3. Median: (4 + 6) / 2 = 5

=
5
Mode Mo
• statistical measure that
represents the most
frequent value in a
dataset
Uses of Mode
• Particularly useful for describing
categorical data (e.g., most common color,
most popular brand). • Can be used to
identify the peak(s) in a distribution.
• Simple to understand and often used in
fields like marketing and education.
Example
2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 4,
10
Dataset:
The mode is 4, as it appears most
frequently (3 times) in the dataset.
Mo =
Types of 4 Mode
• Unimodal – a data set with one mode
• Bimodal – a data set with two modes
• Trimodal – a data set with three modes
• Multimodal – a data set with four or more
modes

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