OSTL ( UNTT-1) a) Set: ; Greange Canter dyinud a set ars" a collection | well olepinecl, ebjecks oor things ") ohyects Am a xt ane callecl elements @r membou on set. Here the dev welt Imtd Meany throne anwt be Common “prepanty, betusean Hre elowe- —yts of a xr. Wy a act iy clematicl by for example. A=Fa bc dy —— Comnicdin a Set A tum % OM element of A, db a5 writen as: EA i) x DB net am element of A, ot Sy weutten wD? x £A ol Rupramartahews!- Sety Can be suprrenerted. by tue os: @ Tobuban / Rerter foun? Ir tro Sorm He chlor elowww of a act out put witton Cro braces Seperated , comma?) . exon A=) 12,348) LEA, 2EA, 3EA HER, SEA, +¢A Dettens A, BC-- (A) Set puldan form | oh Seis thee ga ok » supsernds by a HHAhOM OF Gd COMME , Af: x <5 and XEN] A=Joct ata 9, 2 ez)Canclimnolity> or Cancinal yurmber aos 2 The Yuumbin & cAiytinnet elowmencts iia act cattack “Hae canclimal tty, on courclinat yuh en 4 a Set. At +d cdrmatech by [Set dame) Exch Ce: A=fa,e,r,0, 44 \x) 25 A>J VUZ4 6 sud (Ave Ge Type °) Sehr Seb “howe emmouwry type on gumem below fue Sets The ed am Wd He Wmber of” fae cabled Onustoeka - “ ft Cramps YeFA UUs OF, 8,9, 104 \y[ = te pms Seb) The et im usbid te vue Ct clemeuls are dmb that Js cabled am Irvpfnte Ad ean! The Set of ratunal Number” NPE --4 Nutt Set op & Set; A A By Aartd ta be comply act om Nalt ret df Haine ts Ne elewout pret tm set. 24 ds clomatesl by porg Y. ee 7 -_ . a = x jx athe) Eel Hens = +24 ae taidz " X A HL MTHS, KENT A W d 4singttom Sets pb dG cevtowe nw ont tlewerrt oy = caktiol Muvgtstion cot. caammpue! A- ins. x =3 x = 9 {XE Ny A= $3y. equal Sets) Whom te elomenrts > abso the eleomint, af a at B and q foe Woe Hem A Orcl Baw eqrrol rr, Ax=6. | mt A one EXO ! x= = §\2,4,6 a i o 4,4, 4,65 ey Cyurvolert Seta Wet A amc @ ane two th, es ic... lal =1@) Sulomtt — Demubeol by ‘ c- eto ee dwo rds A avel BY acon wt A oe Ce ey A ae oy At B- ACB. Pd the ah Qc cobued tre super at ty mA, BDA,Peper Sulordt wt Aoms Boon eran Acg bak AEB ums Hank On) | eluant am 8 Uric sect ota Ewny Det oe serlortt of (> Rath re cea ong ay Na dt g “hos ve proper a 4 A de ret wait ny elovaucts fram ot dros ae Awol - Passin Sebt ab wy darnctedt Oy eS osu gh p Fea awn eh Has 8h of all posible Poth ojo nt ented fly a Sa Az5a,b} PAd=5 4 £43 £63 fFa,o9. B=§ , 2, 3 P(8) = 3 $414 Ae A343, Wh 14233 13] ae Usa, ; Uvuntrsol Sets 2h 6. beak by, U Tha Gwiwwenot nd us te i 7 : . ne Kiel wt ob dy te avpevut op ee A Patotor clawatn , ae ea ! : only Hao dow i 8 ret ay: wes A Seglele tfloatt Usja te 3 |“ Operalhoms Om Seth" nee ; ® prion Soa, (Ge operation ay climotect by, tur er ty ae ry Sr mien o] ome @ 4 tee At of alt Lg Uslaida pelongs te cilhin Aor BR oF km both Aardt. moka by AUB: ea! A224 B=32, 3,44 ave-f Vt, 44 spvotticaltp » a ECALB)=> WEA ON HEB: Ava: 3% oC EA on XE BY . Inerechen of Sets ar Sa ahmed by! tar A anol B be dwe nen ombty ret | we umbivchion of A ansd B Jo te Aer of ott elemunds Whidy GL cOmman im A and B- Derroted Ze ANB. fa! AS 1,4, 64 Coe a) ANB =f 4,6). pout eae An B= 9x1 xe 4 anal WEB Y Djawd Sets Lab ar @ be tt tee vow Mem emphy Abs i tert 28 NE Common Ss Am 3 ofetd @ tam A anh © ont ch Ae Sets. [Agee | oe”“ i, Comaptermronst af Set: “Demakel by A', acon (eh het Ube the Winer act amc A be any dorset “4 ob Bare Corr Limnrnt A in aret conmtataung, elamrnts Umintrral ach thone AdLy Wot belargs toh, ex! hat . Us 3S Lt, 34,86, 4,0,9 I} n 5 ee ry A= S435 89404 auypmrbollicoty : Ac= Sou: - 4a ae ec cs . ns Dafprsnrer of Seta \- “Dematecst ar A-B laut A ancl B be dwo AA He ayn of A amd Bi a at of oft clewunkk Cutie beLemgs A bar mat cmon +08, Ate DermetZol ay AJR ox AWB, A-Bz3x! DC EA ond ge} thoy " cx) A-SVt 34 sb 74 Be $s, 63 A-B = 4 VB 4,23 anal Louis B-A=Soc| x eB and gat pu )rapa rcee af Cote Aad B any para @ ob whi ane. ihn bet cae ins trie oleae Co sy Bron ela RQ bab wat am bol eae Aov ™ in tad by AERO AAR a@e = (A 08) ~ (408) aft nah @.(% $6] ave: $ U2 S85 Aaw> £45} a@8-§ 1,2, 3,69 a) Algebra of Cet a potent au: AVA =A eae 34 tod Law ALVB= BVA AnB > BNA Arscuolya Laws (AUBUC = ALLEY C) (AnB)Ae = ANCBNC) ovoluhon Lows: ¢ CaS) = A Tolindidy fo | 3 AUPZzA ) Angb=@ , ee AUU=U aAnu:A) DaMbubuhwe Laws! An(Bucy= (ANB)U (ANS) nm u(BNC)= MYM atau) (1) Absa ~p Hor Low '- Av CANB) = nA ACAYB) =A (8) Comptoir Low |- go =U AU res 6 u=¢ , AnAzF 9) Demergom's Low! (Ace) = A f) (Ang) = Abu B! Veww Diagram = Vewn ol Jy a pderek suprewtetom 3 ats ona qtr openers onl tur suo, , Venn oli ar aoa ta Uaivenod Set wD at erupt chen ey a bone pom > | Wives ok ove® . A - & { - BA Lier Primate! cat Gremio Enc) —® B)+ (ANB) gy) —o& ga (e-aye n(AN8) —O n(A) = n(Ar- n (8-4) +n CAN nia) = n( Avs) = n(A-8) © ont @ from @, 1 (AUB) = n(A) * n(8) = n(A AB) (And) Bryer donb , W(A OB UC )= w(ay* vaya) 4) = MANS" wl 8AQ7 w(An ene)eae ~ Muthact) «tutte one Ha xb whiw ayn O” elomarnrt Cam 6CoOr Mont thon omc. - Jka = “ wzfaa,a, bch and a: 5 4,4,4,4, bb, >, 4,43 A avcl B an muthads, A ancl 8 com ake be RAebseremleal a; A=$3.a, 2b 26}, BS 4a, 3b, BAY Thy Muthblieal am elewmurnt am a — ee ey. a tg be He Vumber oY Fiwses the elowut appea dm the mutbit, 1 CA ewe Candy ucalngyucAag) = Aue _ Caney vraag) u (A408) S (Caamucenayvcans) — bycsegth es > BACAVAT) UCATAB) > by babttabw x iO jae > 6a) vlads) \ ‘ (ALAS U > giv (Aas) > (eiuay a (eo B) by auabibuben ow * > wBovayn Vv = Ce vA) . AUB = RHO boyy Camnrtchas Lom Bubs! Prow te Vem Bagram for seta, Bord 6 who, (A B® a Jobat of 8 / (2) 8 ond © OME ebomords am common. i Ao GO oLsjoumk rats .5 sottulion Vern Dogtown L BAC gun fan owt Par at ter jee w Ax: nel, gore 8 3a05 yanedy Ww B43 xr END océl, eX wer saoh oi) Giwem wo 90 pyre Sotvlog gxtawxrtee, i xh oe both one nat belong» 6 ao x ET, 4° Az 4 a wath St x cen Wea> 3h ft al vourbes) ne wo He Pletom, LL Sek) we (oD B24 Herr 2 EN C: nabrrol yur paubiah usc equals tes, Ae gwad R= > mter® lub 4, Bow AeA and | Ay AS @ yA amd @ ort chinhaint th 2° th equaham , weet (AUS) > m(AtnCB)—2(A0B) ¢ - A n(Aue) =n@)4+u(Bd, PO NB=o (AS Parad Bore ehidyoink 0) Cc ow tur Nom c BCC 40 AS Coho,oy (ratys A Sunny of Joos CumMomers, 20d oO. Dt nesbapen camdueterl amd sUuportbed Ha T1060 Curmorwmenn riecols Hyts of Invoke ond U50 Liked Humaiistom Hyes + Uhot Ab Ha Biot virrchen thah suas both astpoban Cronin, y be he Sak bat ox be tua niurvben 4 crunackys Haats af Tanolla anol ruwsben | Curtains suaols Hindle Ths Now M(x) = FQ0 nly) = 4se ano Saniny Haat n(X0Y )zlose 4 © w(xeyg)= noo an(y)- nlxay) Hert» OU ay) Dy ie “ponhom Proak Adour tr worbor of Crt soc pal. Mowspapes , Harm WOKAY) = NOD IWM(Y) — MOXY) wlx any) = 4204450 —lovo Wor ay) = 1490 BO 140 Curtorweun sack bath nutbaper | ORDERED PAIRS! Wet Aancdd Bm hou Ary onc Lit AEA and bER thm Hy Spawn elements 2 (4,4) Ds called Hu ovelird 4, porn charky? (a,b) # (ba) “4 (a,b) = (ba) tem A=b wd beqcanteriom Proclmct + a Wut Roard B wu two ® ad He contemom Potudust AXB Da Gneturual poins af He foorm Cay) velant Gerd pek- wt We 3 1,2, 33 1S ja, by thom ARB ei Gay (6), (2,4), (Dy, (3,4), (3,09) (9,1), (9,29,(4,3), OND, (29,4 DY. ca) BrA= 8 oUauly eee 24 (a,b). a€4 Ee Ca AXBF BAKA Relahou:> Derratect by St A amd B be tae nom enep wath- R»wa fom Joom A too Riba (RCAKB). wort | AXxB- ee of “ pours (a,b) , who gw a mt acA amd beB , st +» aho aunotedl bye ab and vuosl os a rubatecl te b by substan ® - 6, R2f(ur): ach, beg, akot & ombbe | AYE 3h | 8 =$1,24 _ Rinfuem Ate bond fo Sal ee ey eae > AxB =F U9, C213, CVD,8” C3, D3Fe Now a Bowes sow He peru, for. whiter aA tb = ent! Q So a: Fa, (1,20, (3,194 AE Oana abo = eacovsp tt fared sullen, s =4 (a,b) AeA wEA, ath= edd. ¢ Saf ys set 15 AxG =301,), aw, % 27,80, a drum S= } C7 ct, (3) (22) J U Demo 4 Reloahiem f- wr R be a culation rnrol {um A Jo 8, Oowurm ot Redotion Rb He vet containing? 4 tit Comps- -nuwbs alt ancloud paw (a, vIER. J ay is demoted by - DCR) ov Dow (&) 7 A DG) rar aca ancl ake) omy 04 ahow }- het R be A sulahen A prem A He, Raonge od alan R te At comnts o} ad compen ] alt onclerecl pou (4, b) an Dewalel By A(R) ex Ramer), R(RD= { bt be Bar| akb4RE ADA, aunty VU 34y Rw om: RFC, CU, 0,9, (2,19, 3,3) ,,19 29, cy) y cat Te Dewan a} R a! ota zt, 2% 43 ; qe Rage Y noo kanye (RD =4 7, a som Typ? J Adatien '- ynivinsal Relaliomt? ian clijivad fromm A>B 43 carltecl a Oiwual sulaHon op Re AXB- a Retation R clypmsl ower at A tpecl Unnrimnunel © suleHorr ap R=AXxA. Ernnpoty, or Null Relahowus- a wy alo colli void ulation . R= od POT Ca amaple AzLLY 3, ag, BAA pefawrate shy SS ao Reh ee= Srvvtane Rebelten s~ A Rolerpiow ao! c ol from ae Bo os cole sue © Relonaw RK clafinne cl oom A +B of , _ . aR pelegtn,ad 1 eR 0M OEY enjn RS AA wbunt Wa fa, bod ana R= $ (9,4), (97"), (9,0), oY “ arte § (aa) , Coy), (09), Coby ci a4 fulaHomt- ¢ Deno by gio~® pet R bee susahiow A frm A te6 a stn Complore oh jy KR 30, acs {lya)r oer, peB afro} oR ao = (AXB)-R aa RAR ee Az§ 1,2, 3} Bf, st Qe $40, G4), (3,573 koe f (YS), (42, 0,5)4 . Gaa Rypoudahon of Ruletttarn) > © Ant A e901, 23 , 8 eSa,oy RR! AB adn =§ Co,4), Co bd, ( ya), (U4 Rupr enertestiewns by Ayrecked Cypephi- °rs | e. apenhes a Rucrb torr? — ~~ = Ruan Bula om A Ratablanr R onan tt A w cold ou Cr eine 4 Ca,4) eR der exnvuy elowmort ach. Sgmmebric Rilotiom A Rietatiom Rom a re A 2 calleol > io 3 Carb ER tum (b,AVER, fort aber. Lom | CapJERD CHE R, a bet Ame A Prtohion RK Ne. Pubertion? ena mt A » fon ott nen dium G2 >. 1 ‘Co ad foot (a, WER aml (bia}eR [+4 a PilaHow us R bb arypwrmbie tam QR _Posperontlrt, Babetiorn| A falaktam Rv duyrwd on Se AD Bard to be A» ic subakiom, 4 (WER (ba) ER, aver A>1,2,34 RiA>A Rag (4,23, (9,29, (42), 014) 3 Sima (V2NER DD dR (2,3) D3YddR elyCYypeR > Uwe C4 DER > (UGK Be J As Ne. rybea iat a pvugliciot fulahems A putatin & om mt A vb Aartal de be vv LAI “4 no —- ebowort am act A bv uLlcrteol © wan stay « [vaca , ca) ER) Trawetive A ReLabicn | A Palatow & ana CA oy cotled row Het a Ca wjeR pal (bye e &, tem CUCL ER eo: by ceA. oR [ cames anad (hrc JER =P CO,0D ER, EH duelruu Pulao! 4 PulaHorn R vow amt A dd Zapiro time RuleHaon YY Rost =i) robe : + [\ rE R awl Cb ,OER Haute 8 | 7 O00 EA 2) " Mee faa, ue (aver) 3) Syrmwrnestic [anerp (4, aJER, adcA]y Jantial aoaletieny > ( POSET)! @~— A Ralablon Ri corr a rt So 2 Calle cl portiat oncluninng) ov Pe Pel Ondan mubabtan cp Rud ‘cuplnrt , Aupmmshit Cahartel be Asymmathie: ) anal drove , So flu set oo a Pond waitr portiadtey ovrclerucl Ratakion 'R’ : Deneteol oy (SR) R ° Gai: MW KR the pon (4,6) wns, ak bor ad 5 » caktrel corporal - HOM 4 Home Tuloyvom Bo fou exonmple le (5,4) daa Pont , arncl R=40a,6)! 2S b4 wea awn , het $=291,2,3,4125, Cormmdnr WH @ | pantionl crcl, 3s ollwabitihy ou Mh Smvaw alb , tas Mtarwe ar cela fer 6,4) yaar $242, 3,4194 0 ay ® a fD- Cx «| ee oOMinimal element | ay ™ My elewirt wD cabteol annivaiyonale : elomnort 4 or otin elewurt shed? préauds ab. In Sam Home cima a : a.) Ire - pmininnal y me Age mended 0! FP Exanyele » 8 r te e a c 2) @ SA a b a Minimol = {4,b3 ; mracimol = 54,44 7 2 apy (Urq eeraenst 0) heart ¢ arrel gructert € tomer rent am element ben pA, &) be o peret. Them i iat eluant of Aljor eines ot ae, bAa. simi an elamet beEA ¥ cabtio gructet “iy for enimy AER, OEP ‘ ‘ a example heart 2 7 not ents vA ret = ol. Qa b J prot = A , < ater -o. ae a d ec : frat = yah ents qptatest= mat ew a by Upper Boumel +> © 2 het (Pa) be anny pamt anol A 44 A Sobre P, An clement MEP ow calted upper basinal a} A, 4} Aucuds, eweuy elewurd of A ,wrrams — V¥ EA, x om | Lower Seu !> lable, <) be omy Pont amel A sts dubret of P, An elawunrt wm EP 1s cablcl / Hayrenr baumsd of AL mw Pourcicds eno elowunt 4 A, means Ena !> 4 $ pp Bordef 163 =foe, dort £ uppr Baur of £23 . a 236 %3 appr Bomrd 4 4X : dd Journ Bormd af C=], b C5 Ace Barrel of ochat Upper _Rewvel > (Supaiemena) = mat (P<) bea Pont amd A 1s c Arnone \ dee Upper bawmol of A press oft chun uperbaurcls oj A Wann ok Tp eee wper bowel “of A. Dematect buy LUB(A) ox SoplA)- 28 Ces) ona ACE An elument aeA cathd o piant oper pant ay A aj at om mpper bauvel Y A amel Aga Pee oft upper baud 4 A. CGouatet owt Baud 15 (Ampere) wor (2S) bE Om font oma AO Abus 4 ag Sover paumd af A succte? ete tan Lar posmals ay A, trem toot Hy caubbesl He Greate Lawrem gaurd ap - Demateat by orB (A) on wy (A) . a (68), (5 3,5 9,1, wash 1) . the Howe oy On" uo 24 9 aryoimal = £3, 5} 49 macimal< Foursh sNou 106 94 § 3,5. vB a4 3 64,9804 453 ve 4 Sc 45,15, 983 oe oj {385° 4s C ag bab§ 3,5) ° 1s™ woe GLB} 15,483 Lg of gisdeh ey 8, 163 Leo} fas} = 15/1893, 483 Le af {sd £3,5,183 : cine uae} = 19 Latha ia hr (1,8) be omy fomt. A loHia va pomt (t,4) pee each of LD aubeet cowl tue elem -ents “hay a LUB eral GER. i ony subst of L 1s £4,b) ao ab (a,b) = ave ov (a job) Jom anb 01 (4 wut b) | ont aks ay dow € ain of elements (bk) dea Sastre (for ah porri ble paws) gb (2% aie Pn 1) by a fathea ‘x! elo DSL EYW S vt 12 4 ¢ Ee \t mM Con “ye Dan » ab dy the Fy eee aj , ord avo x Semla,) anb= ged (20) a,veDwZe for tnt or G&L Rar atm ' ye n ‘A 1 S 4 & is sry 2 \ 2 \ i] : . \ \ 3 \ 3 oS ai z | 1 6 | A : i. pfro2 8 * oe Hen mut amt | ¢ { a4 ents - yo (Dir, t) wa teh.Qu) a(4vo) S Gaq)y Caavdu(ann) > (ovq)avo 43 24‘. py -s dagpbs wr qn CF) avq YO 7AG F 0 wand 770 ~r 47" b CG 6 ee) San ca -TEQITIYOFS CB) zug F2VP 509 F PAD WOH q>5b Re 19 oo) aapmeprr (tH v= C4 Av) C v= CAuEIn © pao woyeray - Quan) ~ Qva)ve za(qnw) = CA q)no ~\ wy ralep ey cr) buq = 4Vvo bag = ANP imrng mayen.” @?) <(e? Comubolrne Let! > _cormulotine few @ bua bna Qvb = anb = Aggoriahe Law )- av(b vo) = (avbjve qn( bn) (aN b)ne i _AbsevHom dbaper Gone) aia a ncav b) -% (1) _Lschowiellys pet 8, 6 EY a afb trom aVe 4 ane = >™ (DO Sdabitihp!- wr 4,6, 66% 4 ao bk oA A4C Hum as bve. ak banc. (4) Dubibub Am equcbily 1 - UP a, bye év av(bac) S (avb)nCave) a ncbvO 4 (anbov (4%6) @ te (e bye_Loemenpive Lala? ar at Ly ome Ly one tue bettas thay eu rate te be . drone “ an 4 unt 2D bijecto C fran) mete Ft bale Ausla Head. (ar £ (av b) = pea vf) wm fF lanrd® f (arn f(b - [4 b ets | onl (b) on aroitiecl 4 both — (Q) Cer i On ae Taewmenpinc coamparr (pf 1) AW = ae Sob _ olan Az is bh 2 Bot ae aowoypic sal! - sume oa yur, 3,44 ADS $69, (03, at, 643 44°34 Or fette fila ‘y Bajertinat vale tat fc = @ Gaye oad pis)= od § (a) zSa, by for jam V! 1— [by £avb) = favt)) avers fed * gay pansy > 40) - ib pov FO) = fa, v3 ¢ ev £O) 2 975. a crv6) ef) 5 Gayl ne suv Fr gveak = gad grv Fla =¢ Vv b> gb £arvg) 2g VEU ye tered Zv(b3= fab} fi) ves) = {4 un) VF) = (az viary= CY b3 403) v£(6) = Sb yvoa,¥3 2fa,b3. foo mut ‘pr’! fe By # (anv) - F(a NFO) >gciaay cf 2 puns) = ey > fcing) > Fu = 4 7 £(anvef es pcane)e Fay 764 £(346)74F@) My Las parang) = pansad= oo) et = GATES 4 fay nF = PALAP = ‘ Con ee) = ia 0 ee £(2) NEC) = GaSALU I= on Cin FCO= Luang el = Vee Rts go bot comslittows on a esl Lae! La ant ot “Lreworplle * i virbubed _\edktlens 19 A Latte Lb» Aalel +0 be obiatnbul- a 4) jor omy elewerts a,b and & Ly Ane fattouw sLiyhpubue tant us aooet | Vaated W an(bve) = (an b)v(aac)- co av bac) = (avb)A (ave):F_ Bawls) betico) > @ — 7 BS « y Latta CL,6) 29 Saud fo be a bauncliel Hatin if it Hora patent element I (say T) amet a Lut elawat aay © ) dae Hot aviel partet a no=a, ee Moclttar_Lakh'ers! GS i A Latta (LS) Bw cablicl Maduta, 4 jor ay elawonrrds a, band © in L th jabbing property D saLypiey Ake Jrmofaies ANV(CA b) = (AVOn, Cowmela Om Cxommtote QAand 1,4 asd, 6 iy Falumng, b 0 a Bho -emt soe chav & 1 deplin av(brl)-@vb)ai