1/4/2017

P GaneshPandian– PG GA

Substation Automation System

Best Practice in Substation Automation

Substation Automation System

Content
▪ Evolution in substation
▪ IEC 61850 standard
▪ Substation automation system solution
▪ Substation automation system functions
▪ Substation automation system design
▪ Introduction to process bus
▪ Substation Automation Software
▪ System Products
▪ Conclusion

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide2

1
 1/4/2017

Evolution in Substation

Evolution in substation
Need of Automation system

▪ Automation system ?

Ø Reduce Human manpower

Ø Reduce Human Error
Ø Quicker Decision
Ø Reaction/Response time
Ø Repetitive Operation
Ø Intelligent Operation
Ø Integrated (Multi) functionalities
Ø Monitoring and Supervision
Ø Data Acquisition

▪ Communication network ?
© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide4

2
 1/4/2017

Evolution in substation
Trends and secondary technologies in substations

Past
• Electromechanical & Static devices
One function per harware device

Present
• Numerical devices
Integrated functionalities
Ability to communicate
Improvements in communication techonologies
The standard for power utility automation

Driving forces
• Reduce total life cycle cost
• Improve operation and maintenanceefficiency
• Meet the avaiablity and reliablity criteria

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide5

Evolution in substation
From conventional to substation automation
IEC 61850 IEC 61850 IEC 61850
development Edition 1 Edition 2

1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

Conventional Legacy SA with IEC 61850 SA with IEC 61850 SA with

Conventional with RTU station bus
station bus station & process bus

Proprietary

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide6

3
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

The ABB digital substation.

4
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

A Breakthrough for substation automation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide9

Need for a standard

State before IEC61850

▪ Substation Automation Systems with IEDs (intelligent electronic devices) with

serial communication have been very well accepted on the market (KEMA2003:
more than 4000 systems worldwide)

▪ IEDs (Intelligent electronic devices) from different suppliers cannot be combined

in a system like in the old hardwired systems because of a missing standard
(only with an uneconomic effort)

▪ The global, highly competitive market requests a global standard for competitive
performance cost reduction

▪ Both providers and utilities are global companies and request such an integration
or have to perform such integrations based on a global standard

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide10

5
 1/4/2017

Need for a standard

Examples for different protocols used

HMI/GW ?
Application Application

Station Tag database

Level
LON Modbus IEC103

Conv.
DN P
Bay IED IED IED IED IED IED
Level
MVB

Process
Level Process interface Process interface Process interface

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide11

Need for a standard

Requirements for Standard in SA
Interoperability
The ability for IEDs from one or several manufacturer
to exchange information and use the information for
their own functions

Free Configuration
The standard shall support different philosophies
and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it will work
equally well for centralized (RTU like) or
decentralized (SCS like) systems

Long Term Stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e., it must be
able to follow the progress in communication
technology as well as evolving system
requirements

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide12

6
 1/4/2017

Need for a standard

Market Requirements
▪ The global market
▪ needs a global standard
▪ means a standard supporting all design & operation philosophies
▪ Mixing of devices
▪ at least like with copper cables
▪ Cost reduction
▪ by competition
▪ by more intelligent functions
▪ Cost reduction
▪ for investments (investments cost)
▪ for operation and maintenance (life cycle cost)
▪ Open, future-proof standard
▪ for safe-guarding of investments
▪ regarding suppliers and improving technology
▪ for future extensions by bays or functions

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide13

IEC 61850 standard

What is IEC 61850?

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide14

7
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

IEC 61850 – Interoperability

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide15

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for SCADA in Substation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide16

8
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for SCADA in Substation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide17

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for SCADA in Substation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide18

9
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for Time Critical Info. Exchange

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide19

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for Time Critical Info. Exchange

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide20

10
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for Time Critical Info. Exchange

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide21

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for Time Critical Info. Exchange

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide22

11
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for Time Critical Info. Exchange

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide23

IEC 61850 standard

How to use IEC 61850 for Time Critical Info. Exchange

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide24

12
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

IEC 61850 Benefits

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide25

IEC 61850 standard

IEC 61850 Benefits

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide26

13
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

Data Model

IEC 61850 standard

Logical Nodes: In total 92 divided in to 13 groups

14
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

Data Model : XCBR

Data Hierarchy for Bay IED

Switch controller (CSWI)
Physical Device (IED) Bay IED
defined as Server
Τ Implementation
Logical Device (LD) Bay Controller

Τ Grouping
Logical Node (LN) CSWI Switch Control

Data
Data (Object) Pos Position

Properties
ctlVal* Control Value
Attribute
ON/OFF
Value stVal Status Value
INTERM./OFF/ON/BAD

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide30

15
 1/4/2017

Naming and Groups of Logical Nodes (1st letter listed)

Selection from Edition 1 (see part IEC 61850-7-4)

▪ L System LN (2) ▪ M Metering and measurement

▪ P Protection (28) (8)
▪ S Sensor and monitoring (4)
▪ R Protection related (10)
▪ X Switchgear (2)
▪ C Control (5)
▪ T Instrument transformers (2)
▪ G Generic (3) ▪ Y Power transformers (4)
▪ I Interfacing and archiving ▪ Z Further power system
(4) equipment (15)
▪ A Automatic control (4) (numbers in brackets show the number of
LNs in this group according to Edition 1)

Examples CSWI: Switch controller

PDIF: Differential protection MMXU: Measurement function
RBRF: Breaker failure (unit)
XCBR: Circuit breaker YPTR: Power transformer
© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide31

IEC 61850 standard

Data modeling

▪ The smallest part of a

function that
SIMG exchanges data is
called logical node
(LN) in IEC 61850
SIMG CSWI
▪ Logical nodes are
PTRC CSWI allocated to logical and
TVTR XSWI
XSWI
physical devices
PTOC CSWI
SIMG

TCTR

Secondary
XCBR
Technology
(Substation
Primary Technology (Switchgear) Automation)

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide32

16
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

Allocation of LNs to devices (IEDs)

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide33

Approach of IEC 61850

Allocation of LNs to devices (IEDs)
Device Example: Station Workplace
‘Station Unit’ IHMI
(Human Machine IF)

‘Station bus’
Control Unit Protection Unit
CSWI PDIS
(Switch Controller) (Distance Protection)

‘Bay Unit’ Voltage TVTR

Sensor (Voltage Transformer)
XCBR
(Circuit Breaker)b
TCTR Current
(Current Transformer) Sensor

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide34

17
 1/4/2017

IEC 61850 standard

Communication services
▪ Client-Server
▪ Reliable point to point sessions for
central monitoring and control
Station
Computer
Gateway ▪ Commands, reporting, logs, file
transfer,…
Client-Server

Ethernet Switch
▪ GOOSE*
Station bus

▪ Real-time data broadcast for station

GOOSE wide applications e.g. interlocking

Prot & Ctrl

▪ Binary data, indications, commands
Devices

SV, ▪ Sampled Values (SV)

GOOSE
Process bus
▪ Real-time data broadcast for
SAM600 SAM600 collecting measurements from
Merging Unit
process
Bay 1 Bay n ▪ Sampled analog values
© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide28 *GOOSE: Generic Object Oriented System Event

Substation Automation System

Solutions

18
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system solution

Structure
▪ Control
Station level
▪ Monitoring
▪ Fault evaluation
▪ Event & alarm viewing and
Acknowledgement
▪ Remote communication for
IEC 61850 Station bus telecontrol & supervision

▪ Protection
Bay level

▪ Control
▪ Monitoring
▪ Interlocking
▪ Data acquisition
Process level

▪ GIS or AIS switchgear

▪ Instrument transformers
▪ Power transformers
▪ Surge arresters

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide37

Substation automation system solution

Station level scalability
Functionality
Availability
Performance
System size

Distribution Sub-transmission Transmission

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide38

19
 1/4/2017

Substation Automation System

Functions

Substation automation system functions

Communication

Slave protocols Openinterfaces

▪ IEC 60870-5-101/104 Redundant MicroSCADA Pro ▪ OPC server/client

▪ DNP 3.0 ▪ OPC UA
▪ Modbus ▪ ODBC

Master protocols

▪ IEC 61850 Ed1 and Ed2 PRP

▪ IEC 60870-5-101/103/104
▪ DNP 3.0 TCP/serial
▪ Modbus TCP/RTU
▪ LON
▪ SPA
▪ RP570/1,
▪ I35/214
▪ IEC 61107
▪ ADLP 180 etc.

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide40

20
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system functions

Reliable time synchronization

Remote control center

▪ Direct synchronization by dedicated
Station Computer / HMI
master clock
GPS/Time Server
▪ Redundancy (optional)
Gateway
▪ In case primary master clock
T1€ T2€ € T1 € T1 fails time from second master
€T2 €T2
will be taken
€ T1 IEC 61850-8-1
€T2
Switches
▪ Time distributed to all devices
€ T1
€T2 according IEC 61850-8-1 using
IEDs SNTP protocol

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide41

Substation automation system functions

Advanced station HMI
MicroSCADA Pro
SYS600 or SYS600C ▪ Enhanced user interface
Additional Workstations
▪ Displays with zooming, panning
and de-cluttering
▪ Long term data storage and
backup management
▪ Advanced analysis using
reports and ad-hoc trending
functions
▪ Object oriented navigation to
any related information
▪ Different user profiles

▪ Highest availability through optional

redundancy

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide42

21
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system functions

Control and Automation

▪ Know the status of power network

through Primary equipment
monitoring
▪ User friendly control dialogs for
circuit breakers, disconnectors,
transformators, …
▪ Safe operation through
interlocking, double command
blocking and synchrocheck
▪ Dynamic busbar coloring to
provide clear indication on network
status
▪ Automatic switching sequences for
efficient and error free operation
▪ Automatic load shedding and
restoration

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide43

Substation automation system functions

System supervision

▪ Real-time scondary system

supervision

▪ Collect centrally all substation

related events for post mortem
analysis

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide44

22
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system functions

Analysis

▪ Trends
▪ Short-term observation and analysis,
calculation formulae
▪ Measurement reports
▪ Statistical measurements reports
stored in report data base
▪ Hourly/daily/weekly/monthly/yearly
report
▪ Sum, mean, average, min., max.

▪ Disturbance record analysis

▪ Waveform visualization, signal vectors

▪ Fault location, advanced calculation

▪ Frequency deviation, apparent and

reactive power calculation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide45

Substation automation system functions

Data management

▪ User Management
▪ Different levels if user authorization

▪ Specific user group with access to each

individual object
▪ User specific authorization profile

▪ IED parameterization
▪ Configuration/parameter upload from
IED
▪ Change of individual parameters or
parameters sets
▪ Access to all IED parameters

▪ Disturbance record upload

▪ Manual upload

▪ Automatic upload

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide46

23
 1/4/2017

Substation Automation System

Design

Substation automation system design

Single computer system

MicroSCADA Pro ▪ All functions in one computer

▪ Local HMI in substation

▪ Substation gateway

▪ Solution is especially suitable for e.g.

▪ Small substations

HMI cum Gateway

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide48

24
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system design

Distributed system (1/3)

MicroSCADA Pro

▪ Functions are distributed two computers

▪ Local HMI in substation

▪ Substation gateway

▪ Solution is especially suitable for e.g.

Gateway HMI
▪ Large substations

▪ Separation of responsibility between

organizations

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide49

Substation automation system design

Distributed system (2/3)

MicroSCADA Pro

▪ Functions are distributed two computers

▪ Local HMI in substation -Hot standby

▪ Substation gateway

▪ Solution is especially suitable for e.g.

Gateway HMI
▪ Large substations

▪ Separation of responsibility between

organizations
▪ High availability

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide50

25
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system design

Distributed system (3/3)

MicroSCADA Pro

▪ Functions are distributed two computers

▪ Local HMI in substation-Hot standby

▪ Substation gateway –Hot standby

▪ Solution is especially suitable for e.g.

HMI cum Gateway
▪ Large substations

▪ High availability

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide51

Substation automation system solution

Substation structure

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide52

26
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system design

Star topology
MicroSCADA Pro

SNTP Time Master

Hierarchical structure using un-

or managed Ethernet switches

100 or 1’000Mbps
LAN

100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide53

Substation automation system design

Bus topology
MicroSCADA Pro

SNTP Time Master

Bus structure using

un- or managed
Ethernet switches

LAN
100 Mbps

100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide54

27
 1/4/2017

Substation automation system design

Ring topology
MicroSCADA Pro

SNTP Time Master

Network recovery
using RSTP
(recovery time 100ms
with 20 switches)

LAN #1 100 or 1’000Mbps

#2 #3 … #20

100 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide55

Substation automation system design

Communication using IEC 61850 GOOSE
▪ Higher availability
Ethernet Switch
Station bus
▪ Less equipment and no
GOOSE auxilliary relays
▪ All signals are continuously
Prot & Ctrl supervised
Devices

▪ Better performance
Ethernet Switch
▪ No intermediate relays with
Station bus
delay times

▪ Optimized costs
▪ No wiring between panels

▪ Less I/Os at IEDs required

▪ Off-line testing through

simulation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide56

28
 1/4/2017

Introduction to Process Bus

Process Bus
List of Content
▪ Communication Structure in SubstationAutomation

▪ Process bus architecture

▪ System Design

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide58

29
 1/4/2017

Process Bus
Communication Structure in Substation Automation

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide59

Process Bus
Station vs. process bus: definition by level allocation
▪ The station bus is the serial connection
▪ between station level devices
▪ e.g. station computer, gateway, etc.

▪ and bay level IEDs

▪ protection, control, monitoring, etc.

▪ The process bus is the serial connection

▪ between bay level IEDs
▪ and the process level interface
▪ for switchyard devices
▪ breakers, isolators, earthing switches, busbars

▪ power transformers, current and voltage

transformers

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide60

30
 1/4/2017

Process Bus
Station vs. process bus: definition by transferred data
Both over the station bus and process bus
data in telegrams are transferred for
• binary states like switchgear positions
• for analog values on change or sampled
• commands and trips
• releases and blockings
The process bus is dominated by
• sampled analog values of current and voltage
• trips and commands
• position indications
• The difference between
station bus and process bus depends on the allocation of IEDs and
functions

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide61

From hardwired process connection to Process Bus

Abbreviations used
Logical Nodes according to IEC 61850
PDIS Distance Protection (1 instance per zone)
PTOC Time delayed Overcurrent Protection
PTRC Protection Trip Conditioning (Trip matrix, Pulse shape)
TVTR Instrument Transformer for Voltage (1 instance per phase)
TCTR Instrument Transformer for Current (1 instance per phase)
XCBR Circuit Breaker
XSWI Switch (Disconnector, Earthing switch)
Devices
IED Intelligent Electronic Device (with microprocessor,
memory and serial connection)
MU Merging Unit combines voltages and current in one telegram
acc. to IEC 61850, e.g. of one 3 phase line
BIED Breaker IED comprises the (binary) I/O data of circuit breaker(s)
SIED Switch IED comprises the of (binary) I/O data of switches

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide62

31
 1/4/2017

Process Bus
Some Benefits of Process Bus (1)
Many parallel wires

Bay
protection

Cost reduction
in cabling: 50% (?)
Merging
Unit
Bay
protection
Breaker
IED
SA : protection Few Switchyard
fiber optic links

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide63

Process bus
Some Benefits of Process Bus (2)
Current Merging Unit (MU)
1 A, 5A

Protection
Voltage
device
110 V U and I (IED)
as samples in
Current the message
as di/dt
or as according to C

private IEC 61850-9-2

message;
Voltage as
small signal Independence from
sensor principle:
Current as • Technology of sensor not
change of visible for protection
the polarization • Protection is able to work
angle
with any type of sensor
© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide64

32
 1/4/2017

Process bus
Some Benefits of Process Bus (3)

Merging
Exchange or maintenance of protection Unit 1
• No need to switch off the bay (power delivery)
• Only removing fiber optic plugs Breaker
IED 1

Merging
Unit 2
Bay
protection 2
Breaker
IED 2
SA: protection Switchyard

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide65

Process bus architecture (1)

Switches or point to point connections ?

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide66

33
 1/4/2017

Process bus architecture (2)

Independence of Main 1 and Main 2

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide67

Process bus architecture (3)

Point-to-point and HSR

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide68

34
 1/4/2017

Process bus architecture (5)

Process beyond one bay

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide69

Process Interface for Protection

Wires between switchyard devices to protection
▪ Today: Many wires
▪ (Increasing) cost of copper
▪ High effort for cabling, installation
and supervision
▪ Testing requires an expensive
three-phase source both
for current and voltage
▪ Complex maintenance and
extension
▪ Non-conventional instrument
transformers and mixed systems
need dedicated effort
▪ Voltage at the protection IEDs
from the instrument transformers
result in time consuming and
dangerous maintenance

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide70

35
 1/4/2017

Process Interface for Protection with Fiber Optic Bus

Switchyard device oriented interfacing with Redundancy

▪ Maximal Flexibility
▪ The process bus modules both for
analogue and binary signals fit to all
busbar schemes (double busbar, 1 ½
breaker scheme, etc.)
▪ The interfacing according to the
switchyard devices allow maximum
exploitation of the geographical
situation on-site
▪ Cost-effective Retrofit
▪ The process bus modules provide a
non-invasive retrofit with minimal
down-time and stepwise
commissioning
▪ Simple Applications
▪ The interfacing according to the
switchyard objects allows an intuitive
and flexible system architecture

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide71

ABB : Substation Automation

Software

36
 1/4/2017

ABB Software & Tools

SAS:
▪ MicroSCADA
▪ IET 600
▪ ITT SA Synthesizer
▪ ITT600 SA Explorer
▪ RTUtil500
▪ AFS Finder
▪ AFS View

Control and Protection :

▪ PCM600

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide73

System products

37
 1/4/2017

System products
Control system software - SYS600 (station level)

Modular and scalable solution with functions for

▪ HMI (Human Machine Interface)
▪ Process displays with alarms and events

▪ Historical reports and trends

▪ Automation functions
▪ Communication services and gateway functionality

Application libraries
▪ Power process library to manage the power
process
▪ Pipeline library to manage pipeline applications

Benefits
▪ Flexible and adaptable
▪ Built in cyber security
▪ Robust and safe

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide75

System products
IEDs

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide76

38
 1/4/2017

Relion Series Products :

System products
IED configuration tool – PCM600

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide78

39
 1/4/2017

System products
RTU500 series – Product Lines

RTU500 series

RTU560 product line RTU540 product line RTU520 product line RTU511 product line

▪ Rack-based RTU ▪ DIN rail RTU in metal ▪ DIN rail RTU in compact, ▪ DIN rail RTU in a
▪ Scalable, modular housing scalable housing tailored housing
platform and redundancy ▪ Space-efficient solution ▪ Very easy to configure ▪ Space- and cost-
concept with high functionality for an optimized price efficient solution
▪ Applicable in transmission ▪ Applicable in primaryand ▪ Applicable in secondary ▪ Applicable in feeder
and sub-transmission secondary distribution distribution substations automation and
substations and process automation secondary distribution
substations

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide79

System products
ABB Fox switch family

Management SW Utility Grade Switches

AFSView
▪ IEC 61850 approved
Firewall / Router ▪ IEEE 1613 compliant
AFF650 EMI substations requirement
▪ Extended temperature range
0°C up to 60°C
Router option -40°C to 85°C
AFS677/AFR677 Fanless design
▪ Redundant power supply
▪ AC and DC power supply
Ethernet Switches
AFS670/675

AFS660/665

AFS650/655

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide80

40
 1/4/2017

Non-conventional Instrument Transformer (NCIT)

Example ABB for GIS

Single-Phase GIS 380 kV

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide81

Conclusion

41
 1/4/2017

Conclusion

▪ Organization of all data in IEDs is major role in every communication protocolbut

the older protocols did not specify how the data should be organized in
substation, they only defined how the data should be transmitted through the
wire.

▪ Whereas IEC 61850 standard organize all of data in IEDs. And also the most
important object of implant IEC 61850 is interoperability between IEDs from
different vendors.

▪ This new standard is more powerful to flexibility and functionality by implement

Object Oriented model and fast GOOSE messages between IEDs and also
possibility to achieve less than one microsecond accuracy with the distributed
clocks through Ethernet by GPS system and IEEE 1588 standard.

▪ At last with a lot of advantages of IEC 61850, will be best practice in substation
automation system.

© ABB Group
December 8, 2016 | Slide86

42