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Contents
Section 1: Intro To building​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ Size​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3
​ Location​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3
​ Tiers of Building​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3
​ Theming​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5
​ Gamemode​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6
​ Planning​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6
Section 2: Foundations​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ Terraforming​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6
​ Outlining​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6
​ Building Symmetry​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6
Section 3: Building Up​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Intro​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7
​ Layering​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7
​ Color Variety​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7
Section 4: Basic Decoration
​ Intro​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9
​ Using Blocks​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9
​ Stairs​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9
​ Floors​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10
​ Ceilings​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11
​ Roofing​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12
​ Pillars​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13
​ Towers​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14
Section 5: Aesthetic Decorations
​ Intro​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14
Using Stair Block​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14
Lighting​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16
​ Furniture​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17
Section 6: Examples​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 19
Section 7: Conclusion​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24

Using this Guide: This guide is intended for anyone who is interested in learning about
building, from beginner to expert. While this does not include every possible building strategy, it
provides many pictures for lots of examples from simple to complex. Building designs are
always best when they are original works, but making your first few builds can be difficult to plan
designs. Any picture that is NOT sourced was from an object created by me and can freely be
copied with or without crediting, I cannot guarantee other images shown can be directly copied.*
​ *If I copied an image that is yours or a picture from a build that is yours and you do not feel that you are credited properly or you do not want your design to be put
into this guide that is not trying to steal your work, you may try contacting me to get it removed.

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Section 1: Intro

1. Size
​ The size of your structure is the most important aspect of planning your building and
using resources. A larger structure will take much longer to make and possibly longer to fill, but
in the end will often look very good. A smaller house will profit extra resources if you are
accomplishing this on survival, and can still look good. Minecraft, because it uses 1 meter by 1
meter blocks, has trouble with detailing on a small scale, which is difficult when decorating
smaller buildings.

2. Location
​ The location of a building obviously relies heavily
on its size and theme. A good building fits in well with its
surroundings. Small structures will fit nicely in most
places with the trees cut out. Castles that are constructed
with mostly towers (such as the one shown to the right)
will go great on mountains with jagged peaks. Manors
and palaces, however, will be best placed on very flat
grounds. I prefer to use large, flat mountain or hill tops to
make my structures. I can make a lot of detail in an entrance
leading to the structure while still having room to create it.

3. Building Tiers or Levels

​ I created a system for categorizing builds based on levels of
complexity, ranging from 1st to 5th tier.

●​ 5th Tier: These buildings are usually not detailed and made
out of one material Most of these are just a simple hollow
box, such as the self ascribed, infamous “cobblestone cube”

●​ 4th Tier: Buildings in this category have simplistic design with

only a few different materials, but starts to resemble what it is
supposed to look like.

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●​ 3rd Tier: These designs are a bit more

intricate with an obvious effort of
decoration. Designs are still simplistic
and variety of materials is typically small.
Probably encompasses most structures
made in Minecraft.

●​ 2nd Tier: Such designs usually start

looking very nice, using a variety of colors and
layering in the design.

●​ 1st Tier: These are the buildings that are the best of the best. Usually created by large
building teams, although not strictly necessary. They are extremely detailed and use a
variety of different blocks. Most structures in this category are very large.

(Comeon and Rigolo: Imperial City Map)

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Now that you get a sense of what types of buildings you can build, start deciding what
tier you want and are ready for. Even though tier 1 buildings look amazing, they are often not
good starting buildings.

4. Theme of Building
​ You need to pick a general theme for your building. What is it the goal you are trying to
accomplish? Is it a grand structure for beauty or is it made for a specific function? Below are a
few possible themes you could choose, but are not at all the limits of a theme:
​
●​ Dark Fortress: Great for a castle in the
nether. Looks very ominous. Suggested
major materials for building are nether brick
and obsidian.
●​ Manor: Smaller than castles and palaces,
but bigger than regular homes, should use
lighter wood and stone.
●​ Modern: Made with very bright blocks, like
iron or quartz. Usually blocky in design
with many windows.

●​ Palace: Mostly made for

its exquisite design and
should mostly have
lighter stones and
darker woods.

●​ Castle: Usually made with a primary purpose of defense, but also incorporates
design into its building. Made often with darker stones.

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5. Survival versus Creative Modes

​ I have seen many online arguments putting down creative mode because it is not “true”
building. These Minecraft purists are free to make survival structures, but it is very difficult to
make large buildings while gathering resources. Using survival mode can be great for personal
achievement, but when posted online, many will not be convinced that is truly a survival mode
structure. Choose the game mode that best fits your needs.

6. The Importance of Planning

​ In my first large scale structure I made, I did not plan at all. This lead to many redesigns
that involved removing entire sections of the building and took a lot of time. Planning is
essential to build well, especially quickly. For new players or builders it can be difficult to plan
because of little experience or idea on what the final product of the building should be. This is
normal, but be warned, massive reconstruction may happen if you are not pleased with the final
result.

Section 2: Foundations

1. Terraforming
​ Terraforming is the term for changing the landscape of a game. Minecraft is a
terraforming game and this means that you change every aspect of the environment, such as
hills, streams, and valleys. After picking a size, location, and tier of building you will find that
there is very rarely the perfect place to put a building. You will have to carve some of the
environment to make your building fit in properly.

2. Making the foundation

​ You should begin by laying roughly
where you want floors, walls, and other major
objects. Making an outline using blocks will
greatly improve your chances of success when
building. An outline should look similar to the
one pictured on the right, depending of course,
on the scale of your building.

3. Odd versus even building and Symmetry

​ This is the point in your design where you should consider whether you want a building
with a definite center, or one that has the center being two blocks wide. In essence, this
describes the symmetry of the building. Do you want a single set of blocks as the line of

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symmetry or do you want the line of symmetry to run through the middle of two blocks. There is
really no better option, it mostly depends on what you plan on doing with your building in the
future. Remember that all future additions to this structure will have to follow the odd or even
pattern, because they do not mesh well together in a completely symmetrical environment.

Section 3: Building Up

1. Intro
As stated before, the most important thing you can do for yourself is to plan. Planning
comes into this portion of building. Flat, plain walls should not often exist in a design unless it
has a purpose. Most portions of a building should have some sort of design to it, whether it is
subtle or loud.

2. Layering
​ Layering is one of best things you can do for a building. By layering a wall you turn a flat
boring structure, into a neat, interesting one. Walls will do well with two to three layers, but no
more than four. As exemplified below, adding layers to the plain wall drastically changes its
appearance. This is one of the most essential elements of building. Everything you make
should have some type of layering to it.

3. Coloring
​ Coloring will vary greatly from building to building, and thus, should never have a direct
set of rules for what one should and should not
do. Always use similar colors in your work, avoid
too many colors and too drastic of color changes.
You can spice up a textured wall by varying the
block types:

Notice how most blocks in this textured wall are

very similar in color, light gray. There is a heavy
contrast, however, with the spruce wood planks
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right in the middle. This high contrast portion, which takes up very little of the actual wall, is key
to making it really stand out.

Avoid, however, too much contrast like the bad example to

the right.

White does not really match any of the gray stone brick or
stone slab blocks and black does not complement any
other blocks either. It makes the wall appear awkward.

The same can be said by using bright colors on a gray

wall: Nothing about this wall to the right and below fits
together, there is no connection between the grays and the
other colors.

It is important to note that this contrast is not always terrible.

When used correctly, colors will provide a healthy, vivid
atmosphere:

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Section 4: Basic Decorating

1. Intro
​ It is difficult to determine the best way to decorate because the uniqueness of each
building is what gives it its variety. This section will attempt to demonstrate how to figure out
your own ways of decorating by providing blocks that often go well with each other. Most of the
steps below should be completed during the building, because it can be difficult to place some
of these objects after the majority of the building has been completed.

2. Blocks that are good for decorating

​ The theme of a building will change what type of blocks you
should use, but I have noticed that the stone slab is particularly
effective at mixing with most types of other blocks. Notice it has a
darker gray outline and lighter gray inside. This allows it to go well
with almost any gray, as well as a huge variety of other colors.
Even the simple
addition of stone
slabs around this side walk make it simple and
pleasant to look at. Another example of slab
use is to decorate around objects such as a
pillar:

Stair blocks are also a

key to designing most
buildings. This will be covered in section 5.
Spruce wood will often go well with most stones and looks great for
flooring. In addition, stone bricks work well with many structures that
require a gray block because it not only provides the right color, but
has a variation of texture from the simple smooth stone.

3. Stairs
​ Stairs are an important aspect of any building,
especially large buildings. When creating stairs, slabs
are the best option. The actual stair blocks are
generally too steep to look nice when completed, while
slabs provide an excellent blend between full blocks
and stair blocks. Elevators are possible but often take
up more room than it is worth.

Stairs will generally become very large. For large heights, stairs that will go up
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several flights, spiral staircases should be constructed. The form shown to the left is compact,
taking up only nine blocks. It can also be made as small as 2x2 blocks by using full blocks
instead of slabs.

While constructing grand stairs, those to entrance a castle or similar structure, the stairs should
never be too long that lead into the building. Stairs such as these are best when they fan out, or
the width of the stairs increases or decreases from step to step. Another good formation for
large stairs is a combination of fanning stairs
arranged into a half square, such as pictured
to the right.

Further creation of very long stairs

should use platforms between levels.
They should rarely only increase in
steps without a horizontal break
between them. The example to left
shows a location that must increase
altitude, but breaks up long, boring
stairs with horizontal walking areas.

4. Flooring
​
​ Floors should not be one type of brick, it will often be uninteresting and add nothing to
the room. That being said, however, the floor should match the ceiling and be consistent with
the entire room.
You do not want the floor too distracting as it takes away from the rest of the room.
The following example shows a rather plain
room, but is made better by simply texturing
the floor. Notice that floor pattern is not
complicated or extremely ornate, but it does
break up the monotony of a stone brick floor.
There are millions of combinations of
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patterns for a floor. An excellent example of how a floor can have a unique checkered pattern
without the use of high contrast, such as black and white checkers, is by using similar colored
patterns.

This pattern to the right uses light gray wool and stone
slabs, creating the illusion that the slabs are smaller than
the wool.

Patterns using
alternating inverted
patterns, like shown
at left, go well with
very decorated
rooms. It is not too loud to take away from the purpose and
content of the room, but does not blend away into
monotony.

5. Ceiling texturing
​ The height of ceilings will depend greatly on its purpose. A bedroom for instance should
not be too tall because it is meant to be warm and appear comfortable, not large and
overpowering. A castle that needs a large entry room will benefit from such architecture,
however.

​
(Comeon and Rigolo, Imperial City Map)
Notice, too that the above room is blending several elements you have already learned. It looks
very good because of its use of layering, not only in pillars and rims, but even the room itself is
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split into layers or levels.

Ceilings should match the floor in color and block

types, but does not necessarily need the same
pattern.
Both the ceiling and floor to the left have wood
planks and stone bricks, but with varying patterns
to help remove monotony.

6. Roofing
​ Roofing should rarely be flat. Varied textures will work great with roofing, but should be
limited to between two and four blocks because there is a certain amount of plainness that is
expected in a roof. For small houses avoid unnatural, clunky
pyramid roofs. The roof to the left appears to be half of the house
and nearly consumes it.

​ Domes are a great alternatives to pyramids. They can be made in

most sizes and will fit well with
most buildings. Decorating domes
is also very simple. The section of
a dome shown to the right can
have a different colored support devices added to
corners and sides. Also a balcony can be added to the
top of a dome roof to
make it more
interesting. Windows
will also make a great
addition to a dome
roof in conjunction with an outcropping, separating the
roof from the rest of the building. A completed dome
roof is shown below.

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Of course, dome roofs are not the only form of

roofs for Minecraft building. Conical roofs work well
with towers as do triangular roofs.

7. Pillars
​ Pillars are a wonderful addition to any large
structure, and in some cases, go well with smaller houses
too. Generally pillars are best when they are 3x3 or larger
because it allows for a lot of design patterns. Please
remember that pillars should look as if they serve a
purpose. Do not put a pillar out in the open unless it is
specifically accomplishing an aesthetical performance. I
understand that the pillar shown to the right breaks this rule,
but is only to clearly show the pillar. Recognize that the top
and bottom of the pillar are very similar, but not the same.
This adds variety and texture to the pillar.
​ The most important aspect to begin realizing now is
how we are applying all of the tools we are learning. This
pillar comprises of three distinctive
blocks with different colors, such as the
stone slab indenting in the middle. It
also has the layering effect by insetting the pillar in the middle and jutting it
out at the top and bottom.. The use of the stair block is also helpful in this
design, which we will cover later.

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8. Towers
​ Very small buildings should generally be void of towers because they often do not fit well
with such structures. Large buildings, however, will greatly benefit from the addition of towers.
The tower shown here is circular with conical
roofs. Most towers will be made like this because
ovular towers generally do not look as great.
Conical roofs fit best as a completion to a tubular
tower.
Towers are best served on top of roofs or to the
side of a building, but the image to the left shows
how towers could comprise the entire building
and not just a small section.
Do not make the towers dwarf the building it is
attached too. A tower should never be more than
half the height of its building. This only applies to
towers that are attached on top of dome roofs.
Towers can certainly be made taller than a building
but the base should be started from the ground up on the sides of the building.

Section 5: Aesthetic Decorating

1. Intro
​ The previous section covered the decorations that should be added during the building
process. Most of the following decorations are to be added after main construction has
completed.

2. Stairs
The most useful blocks for construction were covered earlier and stairs were mentioned.
While not too useful as a movement medium, stair blocks are excellent for decorating. Recall
the wall from Section 3 after adding color, layering, and block variety. The top and bottom still
look very blocky. The addition of stairs changes that.

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Take a look at how stairs performs the function of layering. No other block in Minecraft
provides that very small texture that stairs can, making for very interesting designs. Not all wall
designs using stairs need be so elaborate,
sometimes a more simplistic design is
beneficial for a room. Stairs connect the
layers together, both within the wall and on
the ceiling.

The possibilities of
stairs are nearly endless.
The Imperial City map
again shows a great
example of how stairs can
be used for ornate
structures. Observe, on the
right, how the stairs at the
top of the structure point
many different directions
and are seemingly random.
What brings this effect
together is the fact that it is
mirrored, making it appear
as highly decorative.

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3. Lighting
​ A build without much light in the interior is dismal. The brightness of the interior not only
keeps out the annoying creatures, it allows for all of the minor details and the hard effort to be
seen clearly. Lighting can be accomplished through a few different methods.
​
​ Windows
The default texture of windows is unfortunately very poor. The lines that
run through the glass block and pane look disappointing when viewed at a
distance or when there are many placed together. I made a texture pack
that only modifies the glass block making it appear black instead of the
default white.
​ ​ If your building is very well designed, however, the glass will not
detract too much
from the design.
Windows should be
larger and fewer rather than smaller
and plenty. Do use small windows, just
be careful to not overpower the
building with too many. Vary the
window shape and size for more
interesting patterns. Windows are very
important for large rooms because it is
hard for artificial lighting to reach the
floors.

Artificial Lighting
Glowstone is difficult to incorporate to designs
because it is often unattractive in rooms, as pictured
on the right. Glowstone can be made to look decent
when used as street lamps or interior lamps with
trapdoors covering them.
Redstone lamps look much better
than glowstone but have the
disadvantage of needing to be
powered. Although resources are unlimited in creative mode, placing redstone
lamps or powered redstone dust around all the lamps is a time consuming
process and is hard to cover up. Therefore the best artificial lighting solution is
beacons. They output the same amount of light as glowstone and redstone
lamps, but look much better.

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Beacons are useful in modern scenarios as a

fluorescent light replacement. The beacons in the
image at the right illuminate the entire room and are
very orderly. This design, however, is not well suited
for ornate castles and palaces because it is rather
plain.
​ For very large rooms that are difficult to
illuminate, beacons blend in well with the floor to make
lower light possible where lamps are not appropriate.
Below, the beacons function as a slight decoration, while serving the purpose of lighting the
otherwise dark floor.
Two other forms of lighting still remain.
Torches and lava can provide light in the darkest
of situations. Avoid torches as a primary lighting
tool. It has a lower output of light than other
forms and thus takes a great amount of torches to
effectively light large areas. Torches can be used
as decorative material, however. Lava has a high
output of light, but it is very difficult to make it flow
with a room because it is bright orange. It is also
a liquid, making it more difficult to control its
location.

If you really want to use torches and have a good design,

chandeliers are a good option. Chandeliers often do not
look as good with full sized blocks such as beacons and
glowstone. Using fenceposts and torches, you can create a
detailed, chandelier fit to decorate any large room.

4. Furniture

​ Furniture like most aspects of this guide, should be used to complement a room. Here I
will cover most of the basic furniture such as seating, tables, and fireplaces, but there are a
great many more types of furniture. Please keep in mind the furniture can often only look so
good because making small objects in minecraft is difficult because of the block format.
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Couches

Couches vary in color and

length, but the basic design, as
seen on the right, does not
change much from couch to
couch. Using these designs in
conjunction with other furniture,
one can easily decorate a room.

Chairs

Chairs can be made similar to the above couches, except using only one
cushion. A different style is shown here with stairs as the seat, which can
be reversely applied to couches if needed. Just remember that chairs
and couches should always match the colors of a room, this is a large
function of seating.

Tables

Tables are difficult because you do not want them to be too

tall for the rather short seats, because seats are only half a
block high. As a fix for this, make a floor out of slabs to
easily incorporate a table. Smaller tables are available for
circumstances that require
such tables. The table
pictured at left shows a
table of such small nature,
using only a fence post and carpet. Pistons can also be used
as a table and also allow for a nice look table without having to
have a slab floor.

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Fireplaces

​ Fireplaces make a room warm and provide

animation for a still room. A modern house will have a
fireplace built right into the walls, shown at right. A
castle and palace will incorporate the same designs of
the building, making sure to layer and change colors.

​ Below, details a possible solution for making a

well decorated fireplace to use in a castle or other
structure.

Section 6: Practical Examples

The goal of this section is to allow you to see what you should be looking for when designing a
building in Minecraft. A before and after image of a build will be shown and I will comment on
the changes and what makes it look much better so that you can, instead of rebuilding
structures you want to change, use your current outline.
​

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Case Study 1

The following is a building I made that was designed to be a factory. It had its goal of serving as
a housing for a factory and was themed accordingly. Let’s look at the original design below.

This design is very rough. It is easily a Tier 5, or maybe a tier 4 building. It is missing many of
the elements it needs to become a great building. The entire structure is very flat, the windows
and doors are not set in and there is nothing interesting to look at. The major changes that
should be made are layering and coloring. Take a look at the redesign on the next page.

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Observe that there are now 6 different types of blocks used in this design. I opted for larger
windows on top of the structure as well as a ledge that runs beneath them. Cobblestone
support structures where added in increments here to break the wall into sections. Notice how
the roof is different from any roofs covered in this guide. It is a blend of a triangle roof and a flat
roof to make this unique “factory looking” design. The key element to remember here is how
layering has a major effect on the structure. The windows are all set further inside the building
and everything else sticks out to give it depth.

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Case Study 2
Below came after a few days from starting Minecraft. I began by finding a hill and terraforming it
to my needs. My creativity at the time was lacking and apparently the only thing I could come
up with was a giant, hollow box. Notice how there is nothing unique about it and the textures
are bland.

The whole thing looks pretty awful. The door is not even centered and looks out of place on the
gray behemoth. At this point I decided it was time to turn it into a castle of sorts. And made the
following changes:

The castle has a little bit

of depth to it now and
more interesting colors.
It has a few new towers
and a bridge connecting
it to the outside world.
After a while of having
this design, however, I
felt that instead of
building a castle into the
foundations of a building
I merely decorated the
box shown in the first
image. You can clearly
tell that the box is still
there, it just has new structures attached to it. The structures were too busy for the castle and

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everything was crammed together. Not being satisfied with this design I reworked a lot of parts
on it and came up with the following design.

Now the castle, or palace at this point, looks more clean and less busy than the last one. The
middle section still has the original stone box, but it is much harder to tell. This new design did,
however, lose personality. The second castle design, although very busy, has a great
atmosphere to it, while this one appeared bland and uninteresting.
Below is the shader-enhanced version of a close to finished build.

There are quite a few aesthetic changes here. One of the more important changes is the
entrance. In the previous version the palace had an entrance half way up this rather tall
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structure and was also made of quartz block. This entrance did not flow with the rest of the
building both in design and color. The new version features an ovular fountain area to an
entrance that has been lowered. A fountain has been added to the middle for better design.
Notice how the towers received windows and small lookouts at the top.
Take a look at how the use of layering has changed. In the two wings to the side, the
previous version contained 42 small windows with no layering and the new version has only 24
larger windows with small pillars.
The domed roofing on the sides also got more metal supports to break up the oak
planks. Another major change is the central tower on top of the main structure. It is not too tall
so it doesn’t look odd with the structure. It has similar colors and the the dome roof on top of
the tower has spruce instead of oak, to pull the viewer towards this location. Obviously the
landscape needs a great deal of work, but this guide focuses mostly on structures.
The primary purpose of this example is to show you how a terrible stone box can
eventually become something very interesting. You do not necessarily need to restart your
entire building if you aren’t pleased with the existing one, but I can’t stress enough the
importance of planning.

Section 7: Conclusion
1. Texture Packs
​ Using texture packs, or resource packs, is a great way to add new detail to projects.
Sometimes the default textures can look bland, while new textures will bring new life to the
game. Most of my major builds are made with the default pack so it is more compatible with
others computers, but often a great design can be achieved by changing the texture pack. My
recommended texture packs are PureDB and LB Photo Realism.

2. Using Mods
​ There are plenty of good mods that bring new elements to Minecraft. Although very few
mods add extra decoration blocks, I would suggest not using such mods if you plan on
publishing your work. Extra resource packs are not necessary for people to view a project, but
blocks will be missing if the development heavily relied on a mod.
​ Shader mods will always enhance the look of a build on Minecraft. A few of the sourced
pictures in this guide featured shaders and I encourage using them for a great picture to go with
a build. Just do not rely on everyone who downloads your build having shaders.

3. Breaking the Rules

​ After reading this guide, hopefully you get a sense of building in Minecraft and where to
begin or where to go from your abilities now. Some of the best Minecraft builds are ones that
break the rules or guidelines I outlined. If you feel comfortable with what you know and believe
that your Minecraft structure will be great by being a little different, it can turn out to be a
wonderful success.

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4. Study Builds and Actual Architecture

​ I made this guide because I couldn’t find a Minecraft guide that told you specifics on
designs and how to make great builds. I learned most of this by studying other works both in
Minecraft and in the real world. This guide, of course, cannot encompass the entire world of
architecture in Minecraft, so there is still much to be learned from other buildings. Take a look
at actual architectural wonders in the world to see what makes them brilliant.

5. Final Remarks
​ To conclude I would urge you to remember the key points of this guide. Always provide
your structures with layering to change the texturing of walls. In addition, vary the types of
bricks you use by having similar colors with some amount of high contrast. Do not forget to be
unique, making a design that hasn’t been done yet is always a great way to get your work
noticed.

© 2013, Spencer Austad