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SOP and POS

The document discusses the representation of logic expressions in two standard forms: Sum-of-Products (SOP) and Product-of-Sums (POS). It explains the concepts of canonical forms, minterms, and maxterms, and provides examples of converting standard forms to canonical forms. Additionally, it outlines the process for finding missing literals and simplifying expressions in both SOP and POS formats.

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Ritesh Borse
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14 views12 pages

SOP and POS

The document discusses the representation of logic expressions in two standard forms: Sum-of-Products (SOP) and Product-of-Sums (POS). It explains the concepts of canonical forms, minterms, and maxterms, and provides examples of converting standard forms to canonical forms. Additionally, it outlines the process for finding missing literals and simplifying expressions in both SOP and POS formats.

Uploaded by

Ritesh Borse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sum of Product and

Product of Sum

Prof. Monali P. Mahajan ([email protected])


Assistant Professor,
Computer Engineering Department
K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and
Research , Nashik
Representation for Logic Expression
– Logic Expression can be expressed in two standard forms:
1. Sum-of-products(SOP)
– Inputs of each term are multiplied using AND function, then
all terms are added together using OR function

Sum
Y=AB+BC+AC

Product Terms
– A,B,C are the literals
– Each product term there can be more than one Literals
ANDed together
– Literals can be in complemented or uncomplemented form
Y=ABC+ACD+BC𝐃
Contd…

2. Product-of-sum(POS)
Inputs of each term are Added together using OR
function then all terms are multiplied together
Products
using AND function

Sum Term

Y=(A+B).(B+C).(A+C)
Canonical SOP and POS Forms
1. Canonical SoP form
– Canonical SoP form means Canonical Sum of
Products form. Sum

Y=AB+BC+AC Product Terms

Y=ABC+𝐀BC+A𝐁C

Each product term contains all literals


Contd…

2. Canonical POS form


Canonical POS form means Canonical Products
Products
of Sum forms

Sum Term
Y=(A+B).(B+C).(A+C)
Y=(A+B+𝐂).(𝐀+B+C).(A+B+C)

Each sum term contains all literals


Minterm and Maxterm
• Minterm
• Each individual term in the canonical SOP is called a
minterm Y=ABC+𝐀BC+A𝐁C

Each individual term


Minterm
• Maxterm
• Each individual term in the canonical POS is called a
maxterm
Y=(A+B+𝐂).(𝐀+B+C).(A+B+C)

Each individual term


Maxterm
Contd..
• Minterm and max terms for three variable logic functions

• No of minterms and maxterms is 23 =8


• For ‘n’ number of variable = 2n
• Minterm is represented by mi and Maxterm as Mi
Contd..
• Canonical SOP can be written as:
Y=m3+m4+m6+m7
=Σm(3,4,6,7)
Where,
m3 = 𝑋 Y Z
m4 =X 𝑌 𝑍
m6 = X Y 𝑍
m7 = X Y Z
• Canonical POS can be written as:
Y=M0.M1.M2.M5
=ПM(0,1,2,5)
where,
M0= X+Y+Z
M1=A+B+ 𝑍
M2= X+𝑌 + Z
M5 =𝑋 +Y + 𝑍
Conversion
• Conversion from Standard SOP to
Canonical SOP form
1. For each term find the missing literal
2. And term with the term formed by Oring
the missing literal and its complement
3. Simplify the expression to get the
canonical form
Conversion
• Example to Convert Standard SOP to Canonical SOP form
Y=AB+A𝑪+BC
1. For each term find the missing literal
Y=AB+A𝑪+BC

C B A
2. And term with the term formed by Oring
the missing literal and its complement
Y=AB(C+𝐂)+𝐀𝐂(𝐁 + 𝐁)+BC(A+𝐀)
3. Simplify the expression to get the
canonical form
Y=AB(C+𝐂)+𝐀𝐂(𝐁 + 𝐁)+BC(A+𝐀)
Y=ABC+AB𝑪+𝐀𝐁𝐂 + 𝑨𝑩𝑪+ABC+𝐀𝑩𝑪
Y=(ABC+ABC)+(AB𝑪+AB𝑪)+𝑨𝑩𝑪+𝐀𝑩𝑪
But A+A=A
Y=ABC+AB𝑪 + 𝑨𝑩𝑪+𝐀𝑩𝑪
Contd..
• Conversion from Standard POS to
Canonical POS form
1. For each term find the missing literal
2. OR each term with the term formed by
ANDing the missing literal and its
complement
3. Simplify the expression to get the
canonical form
Contd..
• Example to Convert Standard POS to Canonical POS
form
• Y=(A+B).(A+C).(B+𝑪)
1. For each term find the missing literal
Y=(A+B).(A+C).(B+𝑪)

2. OR term with the term C B


formed A ANDing the missing
by
literal and its complement
Y=(A+B+C𝑪).(A+C+B 𝑩).(B+𝑪 +A𝐀)
3. Simplify the expression to get the canonical form
Y=(A+B+C𝑪).(A+C+B 𝑩).(B+𝑪 +A𝐀)
But A+BC=(A+B)(A+C)
Y=(A+B+C).(A+B+𝑪). 𝐀 + 𝐂 + 𝑩 . (A+B+C). (𝑨 + 𝑩 + 𝑪). +(𝐀 + 𝑩 + 𝑪)
But A.A=A
Y=(A+B+C).(A+B+𝑪). 𝐀 + 𝑩 + 𝑪 .(𝐀 + 𝑩 + 𝑪)

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