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Conditionalsh

The document outlines the four types of conditionals in English grammar: zero, first, second, and third conditionals, each with specific structures and uses. It provides examples for each type, illustrating how they can express facts, possibilities, hypothetical situations, and imaginary scenarios. Additionally, it discusses the use of modals and the alternative structure using 'unless' for negative conditionals.

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9 views14 pages

Conditionalsh

The document outlines the four types of conditionals in English grammar: zero, first, second, and third conditionals, each with specific structures and uses. It provides examples for each type, illustrating how they can express facts, possibilities, hypothetical situations, and imaginary scenarios. Additionally, it discusses the use of modals and the alternative structure using 'unless' for negative conditionals.

Uploaded by

abyjob90
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDITIONALS

➢ Zero conditionals
➢ First conditionals
➢ Second conditionals
➢ Third conditionals
(situation) (result)
Condition Main clause

Zero If +
Simple present , Simple present

First If +
Simple present , will + V1

Second If +
Simple past , would + V1

Third If +
Past perfect , would have + V3
Zero conditionals

To talk about:

• Facts
• Habits If this happens This is the result
• Rules
• Instructions

CONDITION RESULT

If +
Simple present
Simple present
Facts
If we start the sentence with ‘if’ clause , add a
comma.
▪ If I workout, I feel healthier
If I am sad , I eat chocolate.
▪ When the sun sets, it gets dark
If we start the sentence with a main clause, we
▪ If you leave milk out, it spoils
don’t need a comma.
▪ If the power goes out, we can’t watch tv.
I eat chocolate if I am sad.
▪ If water freezes, it becomes ice

▪ If I am sad, I eat chocolate

Whenever I do this action, results are the same.


To give instructions ( imperative form)

If it’s cold Light the fire

▪ If she rings the doorbell, tell her to go away!

▪ If Jane calls, tell her to meet me behind the mall at 5:00 PM.

▪ If you can’t find me, ask for help from someone.

▪ If you press the red button, the heater turns on

▪ If you see my brother, ask him to call me right away.

▪ If you are not hungry, you don’t have to eat anything.


First conditional
(The possible conditional)

The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the
future.

We can talk about:

Predictions
Superstitions
Plans
Promises Likely to happen in the future
Offers
Suggestions
warnings

If this thing happens


This will likely happen
Formula:
CONDITION RESULT

If + will + v1
simple present
We can also use modals to show the result

If we don’t leave soon, we will miss the train.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

If I see my boss, I will ask her.

If it gets colder, we will light a fire.

I will finish my paining if I have time


Modals

We can use modals in the main clause in place of will to express a


recommendation, a degree of certainty and permission.

If we don’t leave now, we might miss the train.

If you study hard, you could pass the exam.

If it gets colder, we should light a fire.


Let’s try this sentence in a different way

UNLESS

If you don’t get an invitation, you can’t come to the party

Unless you get an invitation you can’t come to the party.

No invitation = No party

If you don’t finish high school, you can’t go to university.


(negative conditional)

Unless you finish high school you can’t go to university.


You can’t enter the club if you don’t have ID.

You can’t enter the club unless you have ID.

You can’t visit Italy if you don’t get a visa.

You can’t visit Italy unless you get a visa

You can’t pass the exam if you don’t prepare well.

……………………………………………………………………………..

You can’t borrow books if you don’t have a library card.

…………………………………………………………………………………..
Let’s practice

John can’t go out unless he finishes his homework.

Try the same with:

Clean room
Take a shower
Second conditional

We use second conditional to talk about

Unreal
Impossible
Hypothetical situations

CONDITION RESULT

If + would + v1
Simple past
Examples

If I won the lottery, I would buy a mansion.

If I knew her telephone number, I would call her.

If I were you, I wouldn’t buy his car.

If I had the money, I would lend it to you.

If I were you, I would take up this job.

I would tell you if I didn’t want to go.


Third conditional

We use third conditional to talk about imaginary situation

CONDITION RESULT

If +
Past perfect Would have + v3

If I had studied well, I would have passed the exam.

You wouldn’t be so tired if you had gone to bed earlier.

I would have made more food if I had known they were coming.

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