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Application of Derivatives

The document discusses the application of derivatives in various scenarios, including optimizing revenue, production efficiency, and cost analysis. It provides examples of calculating maximum revenue, production rates, and profit levels using derivative functions. Key findings include optimal production times and maximum profit calculations for different situations.

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feyzaasahinn7
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1 views15 pages

Application of Derivatives

The document discusses the application of derivatives in various scenarios, including optimizing revenue, production efficiency, and cost analysis. It provides examples of calculating maximum revenue, production rates, and profit levels using derivative functions. Key findings include optimal production times and maximum profit calculations for different situations.

Uploaded by

feyzaasahinn7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application of Derivatives

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Example

Answer
At the optimal time t = 7, the revenue produced is
2
63(7) − (7)
R(7) = = 3.5 million dollars
(7)2 + 63

Example
An efficiency study of the morning shift at a factory indicates that an
average worker who starts at 8:00 A.M. will have produced
Q(t) = −t
3 2
+ 9t units t hours later. At what time during the morning
+ 12t

is the worker performing most efficiently?

Solution
The worker's rate of production is the derivative of the output Q(t); that is,
′ 2
R(t) = Q (t) = −3t + 18t + 12

Assuming that the morning shift runs from 8:00 A.M. until noon, the goal is
to find the largest rate R(t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4. The derivative of the rate function
is
′ ′′
R (t) = Q (t) = −6t + 18

which is zero when t = 3, positive for 0 < t < 3, and negative for 3 < t < 4

Thus, the rate of production R(t) increases for 0 < t < 3, decreases for
3 < t < 4, and has its maximum value when t = 3 (11:00 A.M.) This means

that the output function Q(t) has an inflection point at t = 3, since


Q (t) = R (t) changes sign at that time.
′′ ′
Example
For several weeks, the highway department has been recording the speed of
freeway traffic flowing past a certain downtown exit. The data suggest that
between 1:00 and 6:00 P.M. on a normal weekday, the speed of the traffic at
the exit is approximately S(t) = t − 10.5t + 30t + 20 miles per hour, where
3 2

t is the number of hours past noon. At what time between 1:00 and 6:00 P.M.
is the traffic moving the fastest, and at what time is it moving the slowest?

Solution
The goal is to find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum of the
function S(t) on the interval 1 ≤ t ≤ 6. From the derivative
′ 2 2
S (t) = 3t − 21t + 30 = 3 (t − 7t + 10) = 3(t − 2)(t − 5)

we get the critical numbers t = 2 and t = 5, both of which lie in the interval
1 ≤ t ≤ 6 . Compute S(t) for these values of t and at the endpoints t = 1 and
t = 6 to get

S(1) = 40.5 S(2) = 46 S(5) = 32.5 S(6) = 38

Since the largest of these values is S(2) = 46 and the smallest is S(5) = 32.5,
we can conclude that the traffic is moving fastest at 2:00 P.M., when its
speed is 46 miles per hour, and slowest at 5:00 P.M., when its speed is 32.5
miles per hour.

Example
A manufacturer estimates that when q thousand units of a particular
commodity are produced each month, the total cost will be
C(q) = 0.4q
2
thousand dollars, and all q units can be sold at a price
+ 3q + 40

of p(q) = 22.2 − 1.2q dollars per unit.


a. Determine the level of production that results in maximum profit. What is
the maximum profit?
b. At what level of production is the average cost per unit A(q) =
C(q)

minimized?
c. At what level of production is the average cost equal to the marginal cost
′
C (q) ?

Solution
a. The revenue is
2
R(q) = qp(q) = q(22.2 − 1.2q) = −1.2q + 22.2q

thousand dollars, so the profit is


2 2
P (q) = R(q) − C(q) = −1.2q + 22.2q − (0.4q + 3q + 40)

2
= −1.6q + 19.2q − 40

thousand dollars. We have


′
P (q) = −1.6(2q) + 19.2 = −3.2q + 19.2

= 0

when

−3.2q + 19.2 = 0

19.2
q = = 6
3.2

Since P (q) = −3.2, it follows that P (6) < 0, and the second derivative test
′′ ′′

tells us that maximum profit occurs when q = 6 (thousand) units are


produced. The maximum profit is
2
P (6) = −1.6(6) + 19.2(6) − 40

= 17.6

thousand dollars ($17, 600).


Example
Solution

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