■

WX5P0113

The SAT®

Practice
Test#10 tJ

Make time to take the practice test.

It is one of the best ways to get ready
for the SAT.
After you have taken the practice test, score it
right away at sat.org/digital-practice.
This version of the SAT Practice Test is for students who will be taking
the digital SAT in nondigital format.

~
6WSL04
Test begins on the next page.
 Module
1

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

-1 --------~ -2 --------~
The general store was essential to daily life in the For painter Jacob Lawrence, being _______ was an
rural United States during the 1800s because it important part of the artistic process. Because he
provided the supplies that the people living in nearby paid close attention to all the details of his Harlem
communities needed. Also, the store was a _______ neighborhood, Lawrence’s artwork captured nuances
of information. People socializing at the general store in the beauty and vitality of the Black experience
would share news and help spread it throughout during the Harlem Renaissance and the
their communities. Great Migration.
Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?
A) source A) skeptical
B) rival B) observant
C) condition C) critical
D) waste D) confident

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 2 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 5
Former astronaut Ellen Ochoa says that although she Barring major archaeological discoveries, we are
doesn’t have a definite idea of when it might happen, unlikely to ever have _______ account of ancient
she _______ that humans will someday need to be Egypt under the female pharaoh Hatshepsut, as
able to live in other environments than those found much of the evidence of her reign was deliberately
on Earth. This conjecture informs her interest in destroyed by her successors.
future research missions to the moon.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) an imaginative
A) demands B) a superficial
B) speculates C) an exhaustive
C) doubts D) a questionable
D) establishes

-
6 - - - -
4
- - - - - Jazz tap is a dance form that was first developed in
The parasitic dodder plant increases its reproductive African American communities. Jazz tap was heavily
success by flowering at the same time as the host influenced by jazz music, which became widely
plant it has latched onto. In 2020, Jianqiang Wu and popular in the United States in the 1920s. Tap
his colleagues determined that the tiny dodder dancers were inspired by jazz music’s quick rhythms
achieves this _______ with its host by absorbing and and by the way jazz musicians would make up
utilizing a protein the host produces when it is about melodies as they played. As jazz music continued to
to flower. develop in the 1930s and 1940s, jazz tap evolved with
it. Because of jazz music’s influence, jazz tap quickly
Which choice completes the text with the most
developed into a dance form that was very different
logical and precise word or phrase?
from earlier kinds of tap dance.
A) synchronization
Which choice best states the main purpose of
B) hibernation the text?
C) prediction A) It explains why audiences prefer some kinds of
D) moderation music over others.
B) It discusses the development of a dance form.
C) It describes how to play a musical instrument.
D) It emphasizes the popularity of a famous dancer.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 3 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-7 - - - - - ~ -8 - - - - - ~
The north celestial pole (NCP)—the fixed point The following text is adapted from Zora Neale
around which stars in the Northern Hemisphere Hurston’s 1921 short story “John Redding Goes to
(including the Sun) appear to rotate—is discernible Sea.” John is a child who lives in a town in the woods.
only at night. Inspired by the navigational strategies
Perhaps ten-year-old John was puzzling to the
of some insects and birds, researchers devised a
folk there in the Florida woods for he was an
method for locating the NCP in daytime using
imaginative child and fond of day-dreams. The
skylight polarization, which occurs as atmospheric
St. John River flowed a scarce three hundred feet
particles scatter sunlight. A polarimetric camera
from his back door. On its banks at this point
captures images of polarization patterns, which
grow numerous palms, luxuriant magnolias
rotate as the Sun’s position in the sky changes;
and bay trees. On the bosom of the stream
temporal variances across images can then be used to
float millions of delicately colored hyacinths.
determine an observer’s latitude and bearing relative
[John Redding] loved to wander down to the
to the NCP.
water’s edge, and, casting in dry twigs, watch
Which choice best describes the overall structure of them sail away down stream to Jacksonville, the
the text? sea, the wide world and [he] wanted to follow
them.
A) It illustrates how most navigational tools utilize
the NCP, recounts how researchers discovered Which choice best describes the function of the
that certain animals are able to navigate without underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
using the NCP, and then proposes that this
A) It provides an extended description of a location
discovery could be used to avoid problems in
that John likes to visit.
navigation associated with reliance on the NCP.
B) It reveals that some residents of John’s town are
B) It presents a celestial-based method of
confused by his behavior.
navigation, enumerates the comparative benefits
of an alternative method used by certain animals C) It illustrates the uniqueness of John’s
that is based on an unrelated natural occurrence, imagination compared to the imaginations
and then indicates how researchers assessed the of other children.
relative accuracy of the two methods. D) It suggests that John longs to experience a larger
C) It explains how the NCP is typically located, life outside the Florida woods.
emphasizes a key difference between how
humans and certain animals use the NCP for
navigation, and then suggests an alternative way
of using the NCP to improve existing
navigational instruments.
D) It notes an obstacle to observing an astronomical
phenomenon, mentions a navigational ability of
certain animals that inspired a solution to that
obstacle, and then explains how researchers used
an optical device to mimic that ability.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 4 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 10
Astronomers are confident that the star Betelgeuse Text 1
will eventually consume all the helium in its core and Astronomer Mark Holland and colleagues examined
explode in a supernova. They are much less four white dwarfs—small, dense remnants of past
confident, however, about when this will happen, stars—in order to determine the composition of
since that depends on internal characteristics of exoplanets that used to orbit those stars. Studying
Betelgeuse that are largely unknown. Astrophysicist wavelengths of light in the white dwarf atmospheres,
Sarafina El-Badry Nance and colleagues recently the team reported that traces of elements such as
investigated whether acoustic waves in the star could lithium and sodium support the presence of
be used to determine internal stellar states but exoplanets with continental crusts similar to Earth’s.
concluded that this method could not sufficiently
Text 2
reveal Betelgeuse’s internal characteristics to allow its
Past studies of white dwarf atmospheres have
evolutionary state to be firmly fixed.
concluded that certain exoplanets had continental
Which choice best describes the function of the crusts. Geologist Keith Putirka and astronomer
second sentence in the overall structure of the text? Siyi Xu argue that those studies unduly emphasize
atmospheric traces of lithium and other individual
A) It describes a serious limitation of the method
elements as signifiers of the types of rock found on
used by Nance and colleagues.
Earth. The studies don’t adequately account for
B) It presents the central finding reported by Nance different minerals made up of various ratios of those
and colleagues. elements, and the possibility of rock types not found
C) It identifies the problem that Nance and on Earth that contain those minerals.
colleagues attempted to solve but did not. Based on the texts, how would Putirka and Xu
D) It explains how the work of Nance and (Text 2) most likely characterize the conclusion
colleagues was received by others in the field. presented in Text 1?
A) As unexpected, because it was widely believed at
the time that white dwarf exoplanets lack
continental crusts
B) As premature, because researchers have only just
begun trying to determine what kinds of crusts
white dwarf exoplanets had
C) As questionable, because it rests on an
incomplete consideration of potential sources
of the elements detected in white dwarf
atmospheres
D) As puzzling, because it’s unusual to successfully
detect lithium and sodium when analyzing
wavelengths of light in white dwarf atmospheres

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 5 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 12
The following text is from David Barclay Moore’s The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde’s
2022 novel Holler of the Fireflies. The narrator has 1891 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray
just arrived at summer camp, which is far away from is taking his first look at a portrait that Hallward has
his home. painted of him.
This place was different than I thought it would Dorian passed listlessly in front of his picture
be. I’d never been somewhere like this before. I and turned towards it. When he saw it he drew
did feel scared, but also excited. back, and his cheeks flushed for a moment with
©2022 by David Barclay Moore pleasure. A look of joy came into his eyes, as if he
According to the text, how does the narrator feel had recognized himself for the first time. He
about being at summer camp? stood there motionless and in wonder, dimly
conscious that Hallward was speaking to him,
A) He feels overjoyed. but not catching the meaning of his words. The
B) He feels peaceful. sense of his own beauty came on him like a
revelation. He had never felt it before.
C) He feels both scared and excited.
D) He feels both angry and jealous. According to the text, what is true about Dorian?
A) He wants to know Hallward’s opinion of the
portrait.
B) He is delighted by what he sees in the portrait.
C) He prefers portraits to other types of paintings.
D) He is uncertain of Hallward’s talent as an artist.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 6 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
13 14
Choctaw/Cherokee artist Jeffrey Gibson turns O Pioneers! is a 1913 novel by Willa Cather. In the
punching bags used by boxers into art by decorating novel, Cather portrays Alexandra Bergson as having
them with beadwork and elements of Native a deep emotional connection to her natural
dressmaking. These elements include leather fringe surroundings: _______
and jingles, the metal cones that cover the dresses
Which quotation from O Pioneers! most effectively
worn in the jingle dance, a women’s dance of the
illustrates the claim?
Ojibwe people. Thus, Gibson combines an object
commonly associated with masculinity (a punching A) “She had never known before how much the
bag) with art forms traditionally practiced by women country meant to her. The chirping of the insects
in most Native communities (beadwork and down in the long grass had been like the sweetest
dressmaking). In this way, he rejects the division of music. She had felt as if her heart were hiding
male and female gender roles. down there, somewhere, with the quail and the
plover and all the little wild things that crooned
Which choice best describes Gibson’s approach to
or buzzed in the sun. Under the long shaggy
art, as presented in the text?
ridges, she felt the future stirring.”
A) He draws from traditional Native art forms to B) “Alexandra talked to the men about their crops
create his original works. and to the women about their poultry. She spent
B) He has been influenced by Native and a whole day with one young farmer who had
non-Native artists equally. been away at school, and who was experimenting
C) He finds inspiration from boxing in designing with a new kind of clover hay. She learned a
the dresses he makes. great deal.”
D) He rejects expectations about color and pattern C) “Alexandra drove off alone. The rattle of her
when incorporating beadwork. wagon was lost in the howling of the wind, but
her lantern, held firmly between her feet, made a
moving point of light along the highway, going
deeper and deeper into the dark country.”
D) “It was Alexandra who read the papers and
followed the markets, and who learned by the
mistakes of their neighbors. It was Alexandra
who could always tell about what it had cost to
fatten each steer, and who could guess the weight
of a hog before it went on the scales closer than
John Bergson [her father] himself.”

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 7 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 16
The novelist Toni Morrison was the first Black Archaeologist Petra Vaiglova, anthropologist
woman to work as an editor at the publishing Xinyi Liu, and their colleagues investigated the
company Random House, from 1967 to 1983. A domestication of farm animals in China during the
scholar asserts that one of Morrison’s likely aims Bronze Age (approximately 2000 to 1000 BCE). By
during her time as an editor was to strengthen the analyzing the chemical composition of the bones of
presence of Black writers on the list of Random sheep, goats, and cattle from this era, the team
House’s published authors. determined that wild plants made up the bulk of
sheep’s and goats’ diets, while the cattle’s diet
Which finding, if true, would most strongly support
consisted largely of millet, a crop cultivated by
the scholar’s claim?
humans. The team concluded that cattle were likely
A) The percentage of authors published by Random raised closer to human settlements, whereas sheep
House who were Black rose in the early 1970s and goats were allowed to roam farther away.
and stabilized throughout the decade.
Which finding, if true, would most strongly support
B) Black authors who were interviewed in the 1980s the team’s conclusion?
and 1990s were highly likely to cite Toni
Morrison’s novels as a principal influence on A) Analysis of the animal bones showed that the
their work. cattle’s diet also consisted of wheat, which
humans widely cultivated in China during the
C) The novels written by Toni Morrison that Bronze Age.
were published after 1983 sold significantly
more copies and received wider critical acclaim B) Further investigation of sheep and goat bones
than the novels she wrote that were published revealed that their diets consisted of small
before 1983. portions of millet as well.
D) Works that were edited by Toni Morrison C) Cattle’s diets generally require larger amounts of
during her time at Random House displayed food and a greater variety of nutrients than do
stylistic characteristics that distinguished them sheep’s and goats’ diets.
from works that were not edited by Morrison. D) The diets of sheep, goats, and cattle were found
to vary based on what the farmers in each
Bronze Age settlement could grow.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 8 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

Which completion of the text is best supported by

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-17 - - data in the graph?
Average Survival of Fruit Flies
following Infection A) DptA confers defense against A. sicerae
110 regardless of the presence of DptB.
100 - •..,.., J
---:i ~
B) DptB protects against only one bacteria species,
90 -~ whereas DptA protects against multiple species.
1~
80 \
")"\ C) DptB may have developed as a specific defense
70
~
Q)
..... 60
')
.. .., against A. sicerae.
Cl$
50 D) defense against A. sicerae is strongest when both
~
'"' \~ DptA and DptB are present.
>
.E
40
30
.·.,._,
;:I ._,
en 20 •\
•• r"I
10
0 0-:::-. ....
0 2 6 10
Days after infection

............. type A flies

type AB flies
- -tJ- -
···O·· type B flies

In a study of the evolution of DptA and

DptB—Diptericin genes encoding antimicrobial
peptides that combat pathogens and foster beneficial
microbes in fruit flies (Drosophila)—researchers
assessed Drosophila melanogaster resistance to
pathogenic infections by Providencia rettgeri and
Acetobacter sicerae, bacteria common in the flies’
environments. Subjects included flies identified by
mutations silencing DptA, DptB, or both DptA and
DptB (termed types A, B, and AB, respectively). In
conjunction with the observation that resistance to
P. rettgeri correlates with DptA activity but is not
significantly affected by DptB activity, data in the
graph of survival rates post–A. sicerae infection
suggest that _______

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 9 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
18 19
Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) is a Eurasian plant A team of biologists led by Jae-Hoon Jung, Antonio
that has become invasive in North America, where it D. Barbosa, and Stephanie Hutin investigated the
displaces native vegetation and sickens cattle. E. esula mechanism that allows Arabidopsis thaliana (thale
can be controlled with chemical herbicides, but that cress) plants to accelerate flowering at high
approach can also kill harmless plants nearby. Recent temperatures. They replaced the protein ELF3 in the
research on introducing engineered DNA into plant plants with a similar protein found in another species
species to inhibit their reproduction may offer a path (stiff brome) that, unlike A. thaliana, displays no
toward exclusively targeting E. esula, acceleration in flowering with increased temperature.
consequently _______ A comparison of unmodified A. thaliana plants with
the altered plants showed no difference in flowering
Which choice most logically completes the text?
at 22° Celsius, but at 27° Celsius, the unmodified
A) making individual E. esula plants more plants exhibited accelerated flowering while the
susceptible to existing chemical herbicides. altered ones did not, which suggests that _______
B) enhancing the ecological benefits of E. esula in Which choice most logically completes the text?
North America.
A) temperature-sensitive accelerated flowering is
C) enabling cattle to consume E. esula without unique to A. thaliana.
becoming sick.
B) A. thaliana increases ELF3 production as
D) reducing invasive E. esula numbers without temperatures rise.
harming other organisms.
C) ELF3 enables A. thaliana to respond to increased
temperatures.
D) temperatures of at least 22° Celsius are required
for A. thaliana to flower.

20
The Alvarez theory, developed in 1980 by physicist
Luis Walter Alvarez and his geologist son Walter
Alvarez, maintained that the secondary effects of an
asteroid impact caused many dinosaurs and other
animals to die _______ it left unexplored the
question of whether unrelated volcanic activity might
have also contributed to the mass extinctions.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) out but
B) out, but
C) out
D) out,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 10 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
21 23
Typically, underlines, scribbles, and notes left in the While many video game creators strive to make their
margins by a former owner lower a book’s graphics ever more ______ others look to the past,
_______ when the former owner is a famous poet developing titles with visuals inspired by the “8-bit”
like Walt Whitman, such markings, known as games of the 1980s and 1990s. (The term “8-bit”
marginalia, can be a gold mine to literary scholars. refers to a console whose processor could only
handle eight bits of data at once.)
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) value, but
B) value A) lifelike but
C) value, B) lifelike
D) value but C) lifelike,
D) lifelike, but

-
22 - - - -
24
In winter, the diets of Japanese macaques, also - - - - -

known as snow monkeys, are influenced more Food and the sensation of taste are central to
by food availability than by food preference. Monique Truong’s novels. In The Book of Salt, for
Although the monkeys prefer to eat vegetation and example, the exiled character of Bình connects to his
land-dwelling invertebrates, those food sources may native Saigon through the food he prepares, while in
become unavailable because of extensive snow and Bitter in the Mouth, the character of Linda ______ a
ice cover, _______ the monkeys to hunt for marine form of synesthesia whereby the words she hears
animals in any streams that have not frozen over. evoke tastes.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A) forces A) experienced
B) to force B) had experienced
C) forcing C) experiences
D) forced D) will be experiencing

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 11 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-25 - - - -27 - - -
Along with carbon dioxide concentration and The ghazal, a poetic form originating in
temperature, light intensity affects the chemical seventh‑century Arabic poetry, has an intricate
reaction rate of _______ as light intensity increases, structure. The twentieth‑century Kashmiri American
so does the rate at which the reactants (water and poet Agha Shahid Ali explains that each one of a
carbon dioxide) are converted into their products ghazal’s couplets, while adhering to the patterns of
(glucose and oxygen). rhyme (qafia) and refrain (radif) established in the
poem’s opening lines (matla), _______ thematically
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
and logically autonomous, resulting in a poem with
to the conventions of Standard English?
“a stringently formal disunity.”
A) photosynthesis and
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B) photosynthesis, to the conventions of Standard English?
C) photosynthesis: A) is
D) photosynthesis B) were
C) have been
-
26 - - - D) are
In Marisol’s 1968 sculpture Mi Mama y Yo, gone are
the types of pop culture references that made the
28
Parisian-born Venezuelan American artist a star at - - - -
the height of the pop art movement. In _______ Organisms have evolved a number of surprising
place is a far more personal subject: a sculptural adaptations to ensure their survival in adverse
depiction of the artist as a young girl with her conditions. Tadpole shrimp (Triops longicaudatus)
mother. embryos, ______ can pause development for over
ten years during extended periods of drought.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) its
B) they’re A) in contrast,
C) their B) for example,
D) it’s C) meanwhile,
D) consequently,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 12 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
29 31
When Chinese director Chloé Zhao accepted the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
Oscar in 2021 for her film Nomadland, she made following notes:
Academy Award history. _______ only one other
• In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments
woman, Kathryn Bigelow of the United States, had
they had found in the ruins of Quanhucun, a
been named best director at the Oscars, making Zhao
Chinese farming village.
the second woman and the first Asian woman to win
the award. • The fragments were estimated to be
5,300 years old.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition? • A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that
the cats had consumed large amounts of grain.
A) As a result,
• The grain consumption is evidence that the
B) Previously,
Quanhucun cats may have been domesticated.
C) However,
The student wants to present the Quanhucun study
D) Likewise, and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?
30
If the formation of Earth’s mantle had been purely a A) As part of a 2013 study of cat domestication, a
product of core differentiation—whereby heavier chemical analysis was conducted on cat bone
elements sink toward the core and lighter elements fragments found in Quanhucun, China.
rise—the upper mantle would be depleted of heavy B) A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments found in
siderophile elements. Siderophiles are much more Quanhucun, China, suggests that cats there may
abundant in the mantle than predicted in that model, have been domesticated 5,300 years ago.
however. _______ extraterrestrial material C) In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in
containing siderophiles, likely from asteroid or Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than
comet impacts, almost certainly accreted to Earth 5,000 years ago.
following core differentiation.
D) Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300 years
Which choice completes the text with the most old were found in Quanhucun, China, in 2013.
logical transition?
A) That said,
B) Hence,
C) For example,
D) Likewise,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 13 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

32 33

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Gaspar Enriquez is an artist. • The Gullah are a group of African Americans who
have lived in parts of the southeastern United
• He specializes in portraits of Mexican Americans.
States since the 18th century.
• A portrait is an artistic representation of a person.
• Gullah culture is influenced by West African and
• Enriquez completed a painting of the sculptor Central African traditions.
Luis Jimenez in 2003.
• Louise Miller Cohen is a Gullah historian,
• He completed a drawing of the writer storyteller, and preservationist.
Rudolfo Anaya in 2016.
• She founded the Gullah Museum of Hilton Head
The student wants to emphasize a difference between Island, South Carolina, in 2003.
the two portraits. Which choice most effectively uses
• Vermelle Rodrigues is a Gullah historian, artist,
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
and preservationist.
this goal?
• She founded the Gullah Museum of Georgetown,
A) The portraits, or artistic representations, of
South Carolina, in 2003.
Luis Jimenez and Rudolfo Anaya were both
completed by Enriquez in the early 2000s. The student wants to emphasize the duration and
B) Enriquez has completed portraits of numerous purpose of Cohen’s and Rodrigues’s work. Which
Mexican Americans, including sculptor choice most effectively uses relevant information
Luis Jimenez and writer Rudolfo Anaya. from the notes to accomplish this goal?

C) While both are by Enriquez, the 2003 portrait of A) At the Gullah Museums in Hilton Head Island
Luis Jimenez is a painting, and the 2016 portrait and Georgetown, South Carolina, visitors can
of Rudolfo Anaya is a drawing. learn more about the Gullah people who have
lived in the region for centuries.
D) Luis Jimenez was a Mexican American sculptor,
and Rudolfo Anaya was a Mexican American B) Louise Miller Cohen and Vermelle Rodrigues
writer. have worked to preserve the culture of the
Gullah people, who have lived in the
United States since the 18th century.
C) Since 2003, Louise Miller Cohen and
Vermelle Rodrigues have worked to preserve
Gullah culture through their museums.
D) Influenced by the traditions of West and Central
Africa, Gullah culture developed in parts of the
southeastern United States in the 18th century.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 14

No Test Material On This Page
 Module
2

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

-1 --------~ -2 --------~
In the early 1800s, the Cherokee scholar Sequoyah Researchers have struggled to pinpoint specific
created the first script, or writing system, for an causes for hiccups, which happen when a
Indigenous language in the United States. Because it person’s diaphragm contracts _______. However,
represented the sounds of spoken Cherokee so neuroscientist Kimberley Whitehead has found that
accurately, his script was easy to learn and thus these uncontrollable contractions may play an
quickly achieved _______ use: by 1830, over important role in helping infants regulate their
90 percent of the Cherokee people could read and breathing.
write it.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) involuntarily
A) widespread B) beneficially
B) careful C) strenuously
C) unintended D) smoothly
D) infrequent

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 16 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 5
The province of Xoconochco was situated on the Political blogs with conspicuous ideological
Pacific coast, hundreds of kilometers southeast of alignments became an integral component of US
Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. media in the early 2000s. While some commentators
Because Xoconochco’s location within the empire lauded this development, asserting that such blogs
was so _______, cacao and other trade goods had a welcome transparency missing from traditional
produced there could reach the capital only after a news, less _______ observers countered that such
long overland journey. blogs tended to ideological extremes that exacerbated
political polarization to problematic levels.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase? Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) unobtrusive
B) concealed A) sanguine
C) approximate B) recalcitrant
D) peripheral C) misanthropic
D) earnest

4
Proposals to raise the age at which retirees begin
receiving government transfers of funds are generally
discussed in terms of the effects on transfer
recipients, but Andria Smythe has argued that
delaying such transfers could _______ wealth
creation among working adults by lengthening the
period in which they are providing financial support
to their nonworking parents.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) stymie
B) compound
C) disparage
D) outstrip

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 17 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 7
The following text is adapted from Pam Muñoz The following text is adapted from George Bernard
Ryan’s 2020 novel Mañanaland. In the village where Shaw’s 1912 play Pygmalion. Henry Higgins has just
Max lives, there is an old fortress called La Reina. arrived at the house of his mother (Mrs. Higgins).
Children in the village say that the fortress is She is expecting her friends to visit soon.
haunted.
MRS. HIGGINS: I’m serious, Henry. You offend
For as long as he could remember, Max had all my friends: they stop coming whenever they
begged Papá [his father] to take him to see meet you.
La Reina and the ruins up close. He’d be a hero
HIGGINS: Nonsense! I know I have no small
among his friends if he was the first boy to cross
talk; but people don’t mind.
the haunted gates! Just because Papá didn’t
believe in ghosts didn’t mean they weren’t there. MRS. HIGGINS: Oh! don’t they? Small talk
Maybe this summer Papá would finally take him. indeed! What about your large talk? Really, dear,
He was almost twelve. you mustn’t stay.
©2020 by Pam Muñoz Ryan
Which choice best states the main purpose of the
Which choice best describes the overall purpose of text?
the text?
A) To describe what Henry’s mother does when she
A) To portray how proud Max’s father is of Max goes out with her friends
B) To explain why Max doesn’t want to grow up yet B) To show that Henry’s mother wants him to leave
C) To criticize Max for disliking summer C) To present a detailed account of what Henry’s
D) To show how much Max wants to visit La Reina home looks like
D) To explain why Henry often visits his mother

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 18 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 9
The following text is from Charlotte Forten Grimké’s Believing that living in an impractical space can
1888 poem “At Newport.” heighten awareness and even improve health,
conceptual artists Madeline Gins and Shusaku
Oh, deep delight to watch the gladsome waves
Arakawa designed an apartment building in Japan to
Exultant leap upon the rugged rocks;
be more fanciful than functional. A kitchen counter
Ever repulsed, yet ever rushing on—
is chest-high on one side and knee-high on the other;
Filled with a life that will not know defeat;
a ceiling has a door to nowhere. The effect is
To see the glorious hues of sky and sea.
disorienting but invigorating: after four years there,
The distant snowy sails, glide spirit like,
filmmaker Nobu Yamaoka reported significant
Into an unknown world, to feel the sweet
health benefits.
Enchantment of the sea thrill all the soul,
Clearing the clouded brain, making the heart Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Leap joyous as it own bright, singing waves!
A) Although inhabiting a home surrounded by
Which choice best describes the function of the fanciful features such as those designed by Gins
underlined portion in the text as a whole? and Arakawa can be rejuvenating, it is
unsustainable.
A) It portrays the surroundings as an imposing and
intimidating scene. B) Designing disorienting spaces like those in the
Gins and Arakawa building is the most effective
B) It characterizes the sea’s waves as a relentless and
way to create a physically stimulating
enduring force.
environment.
C) It conveys the speaker’s ambivalence about the
C) As a filmmaker, Yamaoka has long supported
natural world.
the designs of conceptual artists such as Gins
D) It draws a contrast between the sea’s waves and and Arakawa.
the speaker’s thoughts.
D) Although impractical, the design of the
apartment building by Gins and Arakawa may
improve the well-being of the building’s
residents.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 19 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-10 - - - - - - - - ~ - 11 - -
The following text is adapted from Lewis Carroll’s Top Four Species of Wild Land
1889 satirical novel Sylvie and Bruno. A crowd has Mammals by Global Biomass
gathered outside a room belonging to the Warden,
an official who reports to the Lord Chancellor. VJ 3.0 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Q
One man, who was more excited than the rest, j 2.5 - + - - - - - - - - - - - ,
flung his hat high into the air, and shouted (as 1:;:l"v,

well as I could make out) “Who roar for the EVJ

§ 2.0 + - - - - - - - - - - - ,
..,

Sub-Warden?” Everybody roared, but whether it ~ -~ 1 5 - + - - - - - - - - - ;

S bQJ •
was for the Sub-Warden, or not, did not clearly 0
·- S 10
..0 <.+-.
•
appear: some were shouting “Bread!” and some ,;l 0
“Taxes!”, but no one seemed to know what it was -8 0.5
they really wanted. G
All this I saw from the open window of the
Warden’s breakfast-saloon, looking across the
shoulder of the Lord Chancellor.
“What can it all mean?” he kept repeating to
himself. “I never heard such shouting
before—and at this time of the morning, too!
And with such unanimity!”
I □ species
Based on the text, how does the Lord Chancellor
respond to the crowd? Global biomass is the total mass of living material,
such as animals and plants, on Earth. A team of
A) He asks about the meaning of the crowd’s scientists estimated the global biomass, by species,
shouting, even though he claims to know what of various wild land mammals. The team found
the crowd wants. that the species with the highest global biomass is
B) He indicates a desire to speak to the crowd, even the _______
though the crowd has asked to speak to the
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
Sub-Warden.
graph to complete the sentence?
C) He expresses sympathy for the crowd’s demands,
even though the crowd’s shouting annoys him. A) wild boar.
D) He describes the crowd as being united, even B) eastern gray kangaroo.
though the crowd clearly appears otherwise. C) African bush elephant.
D) white-tailed deer.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 20 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

- 12 - - - -
Number and Origin of Clamshell Tools Found at Different
Levels Below the Surface in Neanderthal Cave
Depth of tools found below Clamshells that Neanderthals Clamshells that Neanderthals
surface in cave (meters) collected from the beach harvested from the seafloor
3–4 99 33
6–7 1 0
4–5 2 0
2–3 7 0
5–6 18 7

Studying tools unearthed at a cave site on the western coast of Italy,

archaeologist Paola Villa and colleagues have determined that
prehistoric Neanderthal groups fashioned them from shells of clams
that they harvested from the seafloor while wading or diving or that
washed up on the beach. Clamshells become thin and eroded as they
wash up on the beach, while those on the seafloor are smooth and
sturdy, so the research team suspects that Neanderthals prized the tools
made with seafloor shells. However, the team also concluded that those
tools were likely more challenging to obtain, noting that ______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to support the
research team’s conclusion?
A) at each depth below the surface in the cave, the difference in the
numbers of tools of each type suggests that shells were easier to
collect from the beach than to harvest from the seafloor.
B) the highest number of tools were at a depth of 3–4 meters below
the surface, which suggests that the Neanderthal population at the
site was highest during the related period of time.
C) at each depth below the surface in the cave, the difference in the
numbers of tools of each type suggests that Neanderthals preferred
to use clamshells from the beach because of their durability.
D) the higher number of tools at depths of 5–6 meters below the
surface in the cave than at depths of 4–5 meters below the surface
suggests that the size of clam populations changed over time.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 21 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

Which choice best describes data from the graph that

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-13 - - support Taylor and colleagues’ conclusion?
Power Conversion Efficiency of
Lowest and Highest Performing A) Both the ETL applied through spin coating and
Spin-coated and Spray-coated the ETL applied through spray coating showed a
Electron Transport Layers power conversion efficiency greater than 10% at
18~------------- their lowest performing thickness.
16--i---------, B) The lowest performing ETL applied through
14 spray coating had a higher power conversion
12 efficiency than the highest performing ETL
10 applied through spin coating.
8
6 C) The highest performing ETL applied through
4 spray coating showed a power conversion
2 efficiency of approximately 13%, while the
o~-~- highest performing ETL applied through spin
coating showed a power conversion efficiency of
approximately 11%.
D) There was a substantial difference in power
conversion efficiency between the lowest and
highest performing ETLs applied through spray
Thickness coating.
I□ spray coating ■ spin coating

Perovskite solar cells convert light into electricity

more efficiently than earlier kinds of solar cells, and
manufacturing advances have recently made them
commercially attractive. One limitation of the cells,
however, has to do with their electron transport layer
(ETL), through which absorbed electrons must pass.
Often the ETL is applied through a process called
spin coating, but such ETLs are fairly inefficient
at converting input power to output power.
André Taylor and colleagues tested a novel spray
coating method for applying the ETL. The team
produced ETLs of various thicknesses and concluded
that spray coating holds promise for improving the
power conversion efficiency of ETLs in perovskite
solar cells.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 22 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

- 14 - - - -
Employment by Sector in France and the United States, 1800–2012
(% of total employment)

Agriculture Manufacturing Services Agriculture Manufacturing Services

Year in France in France in France in US in US in US
1800 64 22 14 68 18 13
1900 43 29 28 41 28 31
1950 32 33 35 14 33 53
2012 3 21 76 2 18 80
Rows in table may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

Over the past two hundred years, the percentage of the population
employed in the agricultural sector has declined in both France and the
United States, while employment in the service sector (which includes
jobs in retail, consulting, real estate, etc.) has risen. However, this
transition happened at very different rates in the two countries. This
can be seen most clearly by comparing the employment by sector in
both countries in _______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the
statement?
A) 1900 with the employment by sector in 1950.
B) 1800 with the employment by sector in 2012.
C) 1900 with the employment by sector in 2012.
D) 1800 with the employment by sector in 1900.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 23 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
15 16
The linguistic niche hypothesis (LNH) posits that the Archaeologist Christiana Kohler and her team
exotericity of languages (how prevalent non-native excavated the Egyptian tomb of Queen Merneith, the
speakers are) and grammatical complexity are wife of a First Dynasty pharaoh. Some scholars claim
inversely related, which the LNH ascribes to attrition that she also ruled Egypt on her own and was actually
of complex grammatical rules as more non-native the first female pharaoh. The team found a tablet in
speakers adopt the language but fail to acquire those Merneith’s tomb with writing suggesting that she was
rules. Focusing on two characteristics that are in charge of the country’s treasury and other central
positive indices of grammatical complexity, fusion offices. Whether Merneith was a pharaoh or not,
(when new phonemes arise from the merger of this discovery supports the idea that Merneith
previously distinct ones) and informativity likely _______
(languages’ capacity for meaningful variation),
Which choice most logically completes the text?
Olena Shcherbakova and colleagues conducted a
quantitative analysis for more than 1,300 languages A) had an important role in Egypt’s government.
and claim the outcome is inconsistent with the LNH. B) lived after rather than before the First Dynasty
Which finding, if true, would most directly support of Egypt.
Shcherbakova and colleagues’ claim? C) traveled beyond Egypt’s borders often.
A) Shcherbakova and colleagues’ analysis showed D) created a new form of writing in Egypt.
a slightly negative correlation between
grammatical complexity and fusion and between
grammatical complexity and informativity. 17
B) Shcherbakova and colleagues’ analysis showed In a study of the cognitive abilities of white-faced
a slightly negative correlation between capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator), researchers
grammatical complexity and exotericity. neglected to control for the physical difficulty of the
C) Shcherbakova and colleagues’ analysis showed tasks they used to evaluate the monkeys. The
a slightly positive correlation between cognitive abilities of monkeys given problems
grammatical complexity and fusion. requiring little dexterity, such as sliding a panel to
retrieve food, were judged by the same criteria as
D) Shcherbakova and colleagues’ analysis showed a were those of monkeys given physically demanding
slightly positive correlation between fusion and problems, such as unscrewing a bottle and inserting a
exotericity and between informativity and straw. The results of the study, therefore, ______
exotericity.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) could suggest that there are differences in
cognitive ability among the monkeys even
though such differences may not actually exist.
B) are useful for identifying tasks that the monkeys
lack the cognitive capacity to perform but not for
identifying tasks that the monkeys can perform.
C) should not be taken as indicative of the cognitive
abilities of any monkey species other than
C. imitator.
D) reveal more about the monkeys’ cognitive
abilities when solving artificial problems than
when solving problems encountered in the wild.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 24 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 18 - - - - - - - - 20 - - - - - - -
Public-awareness campaigns about the need to Atoms in a synchrotron, a type of circular particle
reduce single-use plastics can be successful, says accelerator, travel faster and faster until they ______
researcher Kim Borg of Monash University in a desired energy level, at which point they are
Australia, when these campaigns give consumers a diverted to collide with a target, smashing the atoms.
choice: for example, Japan achieved a 40 percent
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
reduction in plastic-bag use after cashiers were
to the conventions of Standard English?
instructed to ask customers whether _______
wanted a bag. A) will reach
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms B) reach
to the conventions of Standard English? C) had reached
A) they D) are reaching
B) one
C) you 21
- - - - - - - -
D) it In his 1963 exhibition Exposition of Music—
Electronic Television, Korean American artist
Nam June Paik showed how television images could
19
- ~ - - - - - - be manipulated to express an artist’s perspective.
Lucía Michel of the University of Chile observed that Today, Paik _______ considered the first video artist.
alkaline soils contain an insoluble form of iron that
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
blueberry plants cannot absorb, thus inhibiting
to the conventions of Standard English?
blueberry growth. If these plants were grown in
alkaline soil alongside grasses that aid in iron A) will be
solubilization, _______ Michel was determined to B) had been
find out.
C) was
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
D) is
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) could the blueberries thrive.
B) the blueberries could thrive. -22 - - - - - - -
C) the blueberries could thrive? Former First Lady of the United States
Eleanor Roosevelt and Indian activist and educator
D) could the blueberries thrive? Hansa Mehta were instrumental in drafting the
United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, a document that ______ the basic freedoms
to which all people are entitled.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) have outlined
B) were outlining
C) outlines
D) outline

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 25 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-23 - - - -25 - - -
In February 1919, following the end of the First Researchers studying magnetosensation have
World War, women from ten countries around determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in
the world convened the Inter-Allied Women’s the Southern Hemisphere move in the opposite
Conference in Paris. The conference’s goals were direction of Earth’s magnetic field when searching
_______ ensure women’s participation in the for _______ in the Northern Hemisphere, the
proceedings of the Paris Peace Conference, to secure magnetic field points down, into the ground, but in
the right of women to serve in the League of Nations, the Southern Hemisphere, it points up, toward the
and to advocate for human rights. surface and away from worms’ food sources.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A) threefold: to A) food:
B) threefold. To B) food,
C) threefold to C) food while
D) threefold; to D) food

-
24 - - - -
26 - - -
Mathematician Grigori Perelman, sometimes in Most conifers (trees belonging to the phylum
conjunction with mathematicians Richard S. Coniferophyta) are evergreen. That is, they keep their
Hamilton and Shing-Tung Yau, _______ credited green leaves or needles year-round. However, not all
with proving the Poincaré conjecture. Having built conifer species are evergreen. Larch trees,
on Hamilton’s previous work to solve the proof, _______ lose their needles every fall.
Perelman has insisted that Hamilton receive credit.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Yau later found and closed gaps in Perelman’s proof,
logical transition?
persuading some mathematicians that he deserves
credit as well. A) for instance,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms B) nevertheless,
to the conventions of Standard English? C) meanwhile,
A) are D) in addition,
B) have been
C) are being
D) is

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 26 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
27 29
Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly wanted to determine In her 2012 analysis of tree rings from Japan’s Yaku
whether individuals can understand and respond to Island, cosmic ray physicist Fusa Miyake noted an
questions during REM sleep. She first taught anomalous carbon-14 spike dating to 774–775 CE,
volunteers eye movements they would use to respond indicating that a massive burst of radiation reached
to basic math problems while asleep (a single Earth during that time. _______ this unprecedented
left-right eye movement indicated the number one). radiocarbon surge was dubbed a “Miyake event” in
_______ she attached electrodes to the volunteers’ honor of its discoverer.
faces to record their eye movements during sleep.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
logical transition?
A) Fittingly,
A) Specifically, B) Similarly,
B) Next, C) However,
C) For instance, D) In other words,
D) In sum,

28
In his 1925 book The Morphology of Landscape, US
geographer Carl Sauer challenged prevailing views
about how natural landscapes influence human
cultures. _______ Sauer argued that instead of being
shaped entirely by their natural surroundings,
cultures play an active role in their own development
by virtue of their interactions with the environment.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) Similarly,
B) Finally,
C) Therefore,
D) Specifically,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 27 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
30 31
Researchers Helena Mihaljević-Brandt, Lucía While researching a topic, a student has taken the
Santamaría, and Marco Tullney report that while following notes:
mathematicians may have traditionally worked
• Shaun Tan is an Australian author.
alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite
direction. _______ mathematicians are choosing to • In 2008, he published Tales from Outer Suburbia,
collaborate with their peers—a trend illustrated by a a book of fifteen short stories.
rise in the number of mathematics publications
• The stories describe surreal events occurring in
credited to multiple authors.
otherwise ordinary suburban neighborhoods.
Which choice completes the text with the most
• In 2018, he published Tales from the Inner City, a
logical transition?
book of twenty-five short stories.
A) Similarly, • The stories describe surreal events occurring in
B) For this reason, otherwise ordinary urban settings.
C) Furthermore, The student wants to emphasize a similarity between
D) Increasingly, the two books by Shaun Tan. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes
to accomplish this goal?
A) Shaun Tan’s book Tales from Outer Suburbia,
which describes surreal events occurring in
otherwise ordinary places, contains fewer short
stories than Tales from the Inner City does.
B) Tales from Outer Suburbia was published in
2008, and Tales from the Inner City was
published in 2018.
C) Unlike Tales from the Inner City, Shaun Tan’s
book Tales from Outer Suburbia is set in
suburban neighborhoods.
D) Shaun Tan’s books Tales from Outer Suburbia
and Tales from the Inner City both describe
surreal events occurring in otherwise ordinary
places.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 28 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
32 33
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Started in 1925, the Scripps National Spelling Bee • In 1851, German American artist Emanuel Leutze
is a US-based spelling competition. painted Washington Crossing the Delaware.
• The words used in the competition have diverse • His huge painting (149 × 255 inches) depicts the
linguistic origins. first US president crossing a river with soldiers in
the Revolutionary War.
• In 2008, Sameer Mishra won by correctly spelling
the word “guerdon.” • In 2019, Cree artist Kent Monkman painted
mistikôsiwak (Wooden Boat People): Resurgence of
• “Guerdon” derives from the Anglo-French word
the People.
“guerdun.”
• Monkman’s huge painting (132 × 264 inches) was
• In 2009, Kavya Shivashankar won by correctly
inspired by Leutze’s.
spelling the word “Laodicean.”
• It portrays Indigenous people in a boat rescuing
• “Laodicean” derives from the ancient Greek word
refugees.
“Laodíkeia.”
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between
The student wants to emphasize a difference in the
the two paintings. Which choice most effectively uses
origins of the two words. Which choice most
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
effectively uses relevant information from the notes
this goal?
to accomplish this goal?
A) Monkman, a Cree artist, finished his painting in
A) “Guerdon,” the final word of the 2008 Scripps
2019; Leutze, a German American artist,
National Spelling Bee, is of Anglo-French origin,
completed his in 1851.
while the following year’s final word,
“Laodicean,” derives from ancient Greek. B) Although Monkman’s painting was inspired by
Leutze’s, the people and actions the two
B) In 2008, Sameer Mishra won the Scripps
paintings portray are very different.
National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the
word “guerdon”; however, the following year, C) Leutze’s and Monkman’s paintings are both
Kavya Shivashankar won based on spelling the huge, measuring 149 × 255 inches and
word “Laodicean.” 132 × 264 inches, respectively.
C) Kavya Shivashankar won the 2009 Scripps D) Leutze’s painting depicts Revolutionary War
National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling soldiers, while Monkman’s depicts Indigenous
“Laodicean,” which derives from the ancient people and refugees.
Greek word “Laodíkeia.”
D) The Scripps National Spelling Bee uses words
from diverse linguistic origins, such as
“guerdon” and “Laodicean.”

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 29

 Module
1

Math
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31
REFERENCE

G
£

CJw
~ b
b~
a
~ 0

x--../3
x
'~
45°
s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 30 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 31 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-1 - - - - - - - - ~ -2 ----
The line graph shows the percent of cars for sale at a y
used car lot on a given day by model year. .. 6
15%
'~~

... i\
'' - - r,..... 2
"''"'
~
.....
' \.

'' I
I I"
6-5-4-3 ~ ,.._1·1u
1
' \
3 4 5 6
X

~
I
5% 1'
r::: \
Q) -~
r-..
' .....'~\
I:!
Q) 13
11..
14
15
!6 ~
Model year ~ ~

For what model year is the percent of cars for sale the The graph of a system of linear equations is shown.
smallest? What is the solution (x, y) to the system?
A) 2012 A) (4, −5)
B) 2013 B) (0, 3)
C) 2014 C) (0, −2)
D) 2015
D) (−2, 3)

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 32 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3
The total cost, in dollars, to rent a surfboard consists
of a $25 service fee and a $10 per hour rental fee. A
person rents a surfboard for t hours and intends to
spend a maximum of $75 to rent the surfboard.
Which inequality represents this situation?
A) 10t ≤ 75
B) 10 + 25t ≤ 75
C) 25t ≤ 75
D) 25 + 10t ≤ 75

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 33 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

-4 -----
y

4\ I
I, I
~ \ j
\ I X
6 -4 -2 IU , 2 4 6 8 10
\.)
f
~
~I
k
The graph shown will be translated up 4 units. Which of the following
will be the resulting graph?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 34 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

A) y B) y
I I
'
~I \, I

i \.)

X
\ I X
,I
6 -4 -2 IU 2 4 6 8 10 6 -4 -2 L1 2 6 8 10
2 2
I I \ •
~I ~I \1 I
I
I I \. )
F F
$ $

y y
C) D)
.\
,
I

\ ~ II
I
~I I
I
I

\
i i \ j
•
\ I X
\ I X
6 -4 -2 µ 2 4 6 8 10 6 -4 -2 u 2 4 6 8 10
\ )2 2
\. j

I I
~I ~I
6
I
6
I

k k

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 35 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-5 ------~ -8 ------~
s = 40 + 3t The table gives the distribution of votes for a new
school mascot and grade level for 80 students.
The equation gives the speed s, in miles per hour, of
a certain car t seconds after it began to accelerate. Grade level
What is the speed, in miles per hour, of the car Mascot Sixth Seventh Eighth Total
5 seconds after it began to accelerate?
Badger 4 9 9 22
A) 40 Lion 9 2 9 20
B) 43 Longhorn 4 6 4 14
Tiger 6 9 9 24
C) 45
Total 23 26 31 80
D) 55
If one of these students is selected at random, what is
the probability of selecting a student whose vote for
new mascot was for a lion?
1
A)
9
1
-6 - - - - - - ~ B)
5
The function f is defined by f (x ) = x 2 + x + 71.
1
What is the value of f (2) ? C)
4
2
D)
3

-
7 - - - - - - ~

An event planner is planning a party. It costs the

event planner a onetime fee of $35 to rent the venue -9 - - - - - - ~
and $10.25 per attendee. The event planner has a Triangles ABC and DEF are congruent, where A
budget of $300 . What is the greatest number of corresponds to D, and B and E are right angles. The
attendees possible without exceeding the budget? measure of angle A is 18° . What is the measure of
angle F ?
A) 18°
B) 72°
C) 90°
D) 162°

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 36 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 10 - - - - - - - - 13 - - - - - - -
If 4x + 2 = 12 , what is the value of 16x + 8 ? 3x + 6 = 4y
A) 40 3x + 4 = 2y
B) 48 The solution to the given system of equations is
C) 56 (x, y). What is the value of y ?
D) 60

- 14 - - - - - - -
-
11 - - - - - - - The function f is defined by
Which expression is equivalent to (m4q 4z −1)(mq5 z 3), f (x ) = (x − 6)(x − 2)(x + 6). In the xy-plane, the
graph of y = g (x ) is the result of translating the
where m, q, and z are positive?
graph of y = f (x ) up 4 units. What is the value
A) m4q 20z −3 of g(0) ?

B) m5q9z 2
C) m6q8z −1
D) m20q12z −2

- 15 - - - - - - -
The function f (w ) = 6w 2 gives the area of a
rectangle, in square feet (ft 2), if its width is w ft and
its length is 6 times its width. Which of the following
12
- - - - - - - -
is the best interpretation of f (14) = 1,176 ?
An airplane descends from an altitude of 9,500 feet to
5,000 feet at a constant rate of 400 feet per minute. A) If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the area
What type of function best models the relationship of the rectangle is 1,176 ft 2 .
between the descending airplane’s altitude and time? B) If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the
A) Decreasing exponential length of the rectangle is 1,176 ft.
B) Decreasing linear C) If the width of the rectangle is 1,176 ft, then the
length of the rectangle is 14 ft.
C) Increasing exponential
D) If the width of the rectangle is 1,176 ft, then the
D) Increasing linear
area of the rectangle is 14 ft 2 .

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 37 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-16 - -
The number of bacteria in a liquid medium doubles
-18 - -
The function h is defined by h(x) = 4x + 28. The
every day. There are 44,000 bacteria in the liquid graph of y = h(x ) in the xy-plane has an x-intercept
medium at the start of an observation. Which of the
following represents the number of bacteria, y, in the at (a, 0) and a y-intercept at (0, b), where a and b
liquid medium t days after the start of the are constants. What is the value of a + b ?
observation? A) 21
1 B) 28
A) y = (44,000)t
2 C) 32
D) 35
B) y = 2(44,000)t

 1 t
C) y = 44,000 
 2 

D) y = 44,000(2)t 19
y < 5x + 6
For which of the following tables are all the values of
x and their corresponding values of y solutions to the
given inequality?

A) x y
17 3 17
5 27
x h(x)
7 37
0 1.23
2 1.54 B) x y
4 1.94
3 17
5 35
The table shows the exponential relationship 7 37
between the number of years, x, since Hana started
training in pole vault, and the estimated height h(x), C) x y
in meters, of her best pole vault for that year. Which 3 25
of the following functions best represents this 5 35
relationship, where x ≤ 4 ? 7 45

A) h(x) = 1.12(0.23)x D) x y
B) h(x) = 1.12(1.23) x 3 21
5 31
C) h(x) = 1.23(0.12)x 7 41
D) h(x) = 1.23(1.12)x

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 38 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 20 - - - - - - - - 23 - - - - - - -
y = 4x + 1 Which of the following equations represents a circle
4y = 15x − 8 in the xy-plane that intersects the y-axis at exactly
one point?
The solution to the given system of equations is
(x , y ). What is the value of x − y ? A) (x − 8)2 + (y − 8)2 = 16
B) (x − 8)2 + (y − 4)2 = 16
C) (x − 4)2 + (y − 9)2 = 16
D) x 2 + (y − 9)2 = 16

- 21 - - - - - - -
A right triangle has legs with lengths of
24 centimeters and 21 centimeters. If the length of
this triangle’s hypotenuse, in centimeters, can be
written in the form 3 d , where d is an integer, what -24 - - - - - - -
In triangles ABC and DEF , angles B and E each
is the value of d ?
have measure 27° and angles C and F each have
measure 41° . Which additional piece of information
is sufficient to determine whether triangle ABC is
congruent to triangle DEF ?
A) The measure of angle A
B) The length of side AB
C) The lengths of sides BC and EF
-22 - - - - - - - D) No additional information is necessary.
The floor of a ballroom has an area of 600 square

meters. An architect creates a scale model of the floor

of the ballroom, where the length of each side of the

1
model is times the length of the corresponding
10 25
- - - - - - - -
side of the actual floor of the ballroom. What is the The result of increasing the quantity x by 1,800% is
684. What is the value of x ?
area, in square meters, of the scale model?
A) 12,996
A) 6 B) 12,312
B) 10 C) 38
C) 60 D) 36
D) 150

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 39 CO NTI N U E

 Module
1

26 27

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A window repair specialist charges $220 for the first x(x + 1) − 56 = 4x(x − 7)
two hours of repair plus an hourly fee for each
What is the sum of the solutions to the given
additional hour. The total cost for 5 hours of repair is equation?
$400 . Which function f gives the total cost, in
dollars, for x hours of repair, where x ≥ 2 ?

A) f (x ) = 60x + 100
B) f (x ) = 60x + 220
C) f (x ) = 80x
D) f (x ) = 80x + 220

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 40

No Test Material On This Page
 Module
2

Math
27 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.

Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31

G ~
£
x
CJw b~ ~ 0 '~
45°
b a x--../3 s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 42 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 43 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-1 - - - - - - - - ~ -3 ----
An object’s speed is 64 yards per second. What is the y
object’s speed, in feet per second? (1 yard = 3 feet) 1p ,
I

A) 61 8
I I
~

B) 67 6
I
,'
C) 94
4
I I
~

D) 192
2
I
,
J

8_.=6-.=4-.=2
I
IU
,
~

4_ _ 6_ _8_
X

2 ,J
I

4 I'
I
I,

"'
2
- --------~ The graph shows the linear relationship between x
and y. Which table gives three values of x and their
The scatterplot shows the relationship between
two variables, x and y. A line of best fit is also corresponding values of y for this relationship?
shown.
A) x y
y
20 0 0
18 1 –7
~

16 2 –9
~ a/'
14 I
/
V B)
12 x y
.,,,; ('
10
./,
0 0
8 1 –3
./,
6
2 –1
4 ,/'
2 C) x y
X
u 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 –5
Which of the following equations best represents the 1 –7
line of best fit shown? 2 –9

A) y = x + 3.4 D) x y
B) y = x − 3.4 0 –5
C) y = −x + 3.4 1 –3
D) y = −x − 3.4 2 –1

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 44 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-4 ------~ -7 ------~
What is the perimeter, in inches, of a rectangle with a The function f is defined by f (x ) = 4x . For what
length of 4 inches and a width of 9 inches? value of x does f (x ) = 8 ?
A) 13
B) 17
C) 22
D) 26

-8 - - - - - - ~
Of 300,000 paper clips, 234,000 are size large. What
percentage of the paper clips are size large?
A) 22%
5
- ------~ B) 33%
7m = 2(n + p) C) 66%
The given equation relates the positive numbers m, D) 78%
n, and p. Which equation correctly gives m in terms
of n and p ?
2(n + p)
A) m =
7

B) m = 2(n + p)
9

C) m = 2(n + p) − 7 f (x) = 8x + 4
The function f gives the estimated height, in feet,
of a willow tree x years after its height was first
D) m = 2 − n − p − 7
measured. Which statement is the best interpretation
of 4 in this context?
A) The tree will be measured each year for 4 years.
B) The tree is estimated to grow to a maximum
height of 4 feet.
C) The estimated height of the tree increased by
4 feet each year.
-6 - - - - - - ~ D) The estimated height of the tree was 4 feet when
73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 82, 84, 85, 91 it was first measured.
What is the median of the data shown?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 45 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 10 - - - - - - ~ - 12 - - - - - - ~
y = 76 66x = 66x
y = x2 − 5 How many solutions does the given equation have?
The graphs of the given equations in the xy-plane A) Exactly one
intersect at the point (x , y ). What is a possible value B) Exactly two
of x ? C) Infinitely many
76 D) Zero
A) −
5

B) −9

C) 5

13
D) 76 - - - - - - - ~

Vivian bought party hats and cupcakes for $71. Each

package of party hats cost $3, and each cupcake cost
$1. If Vivian bought 10 packages of party hats, how
many cupcakes did she buy?

-11 - - - - - - ~
Each side of equilateral triangle S is multiplied by a
scale factor of k to create equilateral triangle T. The
length of each side of triangle T is greater than the 14
- - - - - - - ~
length of each side of triangle S. Which of the
following could be the value of k ? The exponential function g is defined by
g (x ) = 19 · a x , where a is a positive constant. If
29
A) g(3) = 2,375, what is the value of g(4) ?
28

B) 1

28
C)
29

D) 0

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 46 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-15 - - - - - - - - - -16 -
y
In right triangle RST , the sum of the measures of 50

angle R and angle S is 90 degrees. The value of 40

15 i::Q
\.
sin(R) is
4
. What is the value of cos(S) ?
g 30 ~
\
0..
15 s \
A)
15 uo 20
\

15 10 \
B) I\
4
'~
4 15 u 10 20 30 40 50 6 ) 70 80 90 100
X

C) Company A
15
The graph shows the relationship between the
D) 15 number of shares of stock from Company A, x, and
the number of shares of stock from Company B, y,
that Simone can purchase. Which equation could
represent this relationship?
A) y = 8x + 12
B) 8x + 12y = 480
C) y = 12x + 8
D) 12x + 8y = 480

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 47 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 17 - - - - - - ~ - 19 - - - - - - ~
Keenan made 32 cups of vegetable broth. Keenan
Which expression is equivalent to
then filled x small jars and y large jars with all the
8x(x − 7) − 3(x − 7) vegetable broth he made. The equation 3x + 5y = 32
, where x > 7 ?
2x − 14 represents this situation. Which is the best
interpretation of 5y in this context?
x−7
A) A) The number of large jars Keenan filled
5
B) The number of small jars Keenan filled
8x − 3
B) C) The total number of cups of vegetable broth in
2 the large jars
8x 2 − 3x − 14 D) The total number of cups of vegetable broth in
C) the small jars
2x − 14

8x 2 − 3x − 77
D)
2x − 14

-20 - - - - - - ~
A circle in the xy -plane has a diameter with
-
18 - - - - - - ~
endpoints (2, 4) and (2, 14). An equation of this
The function f is defined by f (x ) = (−8)(2) + 22 . x circle is (x − 2)2 + (y − 9)2 = r 2 , where r is a positive
What is the y-intercept of the graph of y = f (x) in constant. What is the value of r ?
the xy-plane?

A) (0, 14)
B) (0, 2)
C) (0, 22)
D) (0, −8)
-21 - - - - - - ~
Line ℓ is defined by 3y + 12x = 5. Line n is
perpendicular to line ℓ in the xy-plane. What is the
slope of line n ?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 48 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 22 - - - - - - - - 24 - - - - - - -
–5x + 13 = 73 −9x 2 + 30x + c = 0
What is the sum of the solutions to the given In the given equation, c is a constant. The equation
equation? has exactly one solution. What is the value of c ?
146 A) 3
A) −
5 B) 0
C) −25
B) −12
D) −53

C) 0

26
D)
5

-
25 - - - - - - -

Which of the following expressions has a factor of

x + 2b , where b is a positive integer constant?

23 A) 3x 2 + 7x + 14b

For the exponential function f, the value of f (1) is k, B) 3x 2 + 28x + 14b

where k is a constant. Which of the following C) 3x 2 + 42x + 14b
equivalent forms of the function f shows the value of
k as the coefficient or the base? D) 3x 2 + 49x + 14b

A) f (x ) = 50(1.6)x+1
B) f (x ) = 80(1.6)x
C) f (x ) = 128(1.6)x−1
D) f (x ) = 204.8(1.6)x−2

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 49 CO NTI N U E

 Module
2

.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
26
-27 - - - - - - - - ~
Data Set A Data Set B The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is
12 12~-----
10-+------
624 centimeters. The height of this triangle is
10
~ 8 ~ 8+------i k 3 centimeters, where k is a constant. What is the
g. 6 g. 6+---l value of k?
~
µ. 4 ~
µ.
4-+-~--t

0
2
~ I
2
0-+--+---+---+---+---+
10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60
Integer Integer

Two data sets of 23 integers each are summarized in

the histograms shown. For each of the histograms,
the first interval represents the frequency of integers
greater than or equal to 10, but less than 20. The
second interval represents the frequency of integers
greater than or equal to 20, but less than 30, and so
on. What is the smallest possible difference between
the mean of data set A and the mean of data set B?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 10
D) 23

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 50

No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
 The SAT.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
• You may work on only one module at a time.
• If you finish a module before time is called, check your work on that module only.
You may NOT turn to any other module.

TIMING
Reading and Writing, Module 1: 39 minutes
Reading and Writing, Module 2: 39 minutes
10-minute break
Math, Module 1: 43 minutes
Math, Module 2: 43 minutes
The above are standard times. If you are approved for accommodations involving
additional time, you should give yourself that time when you practice.

MARKING YOUR ANSWERS

• Be sure to answer your questions properly in this book.
• Circle only one answer to each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer
circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

USING YOUR TEST BOOK

• You may use the test book for scratch work.
• You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book,
or take the book from the testing room.

© 2025 College Board. College Board, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board.