PMT

GCE
Physics A
Advanced Subsidiary GCE
Unit G482: Electrons, Waves and Photons

Mark Scheme for June 2011

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

1
a i read off value of current (at V = 6.0 V) B1 any reference to using gradient scores 0/2
accept I = 0.25 (A) or 250 (mA)
calculate R using V/I B1 accept R = 24 Ω
ii V is not proportional to I B1 accept not a straight line; R is not constant
b i Q = It = 0.25 x 1 = 0.25 C B1
ii E = VIt or QV = 6 x 0.25 = 1.5 J B1 ecf(b)(i)
iii E = VIt = 1.5 x 4 x 60 x 60 C1 ecf b(ii)
= 2.16 x104 J A1 accept 2.2 x 104 J; allow 360 J for 1 mark only
c i energy transfer per unit charge B1 or energy transfer/charge; work done /charge
from electrical to other forms B1 or across LED
ii 30 mA A1
iii Use of P = VI M1 3 x 0.030 = 0.090 W per LED so 0.090 x 4
suitable method (may be expressed purely in numerical form) A1 or 30 mA in two branches at 6 V or total current is 60
= 0.36 W A0 mA from 6 V battery
iv B1 symbol for LED
B1 correct orientation of LED
B1 correct circuit

d draws a lower current/ light lasts longer (before battery B1

discharged/)AW
or LEDs more efficient (at converting electrical energy into light) allow lower power consumption/AW
or if one LED fails there are still two lit
or more robust/longer working life
Total question 1 16
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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

2
a i 12/2.0 = 6.0 (Ω) B1 allow 6; do not apply the SF penalty (N.B. applied only
once per paper) for any answer where the second SF is
0
ii attempt to use resistors in parallel formula C1 no mark for just quoting formula
1/R = 8/6 C1 ecf (a)(i)
R = 0.75 (Ω) A1 allow ¾ (Ω)
iii P = V2/R = 122/0.75 or 8VI = 8 x 12 x 2 or I2R = 162 x 0.75 C1 ecf (a)(ii)
= 192 W A1
b ρ = RA/l C1 correct rearrangement of formula
= 6.0 x 0.24 x 2.0 x 10-6/0.9 C1 ecf (a)(i); substitution into a correct formula
= 3.2 x 10-6 A1 2/3 marks for one or more POT errors
Ωm B1 accept 3.2 Ω μm; 4 x 10-7 scores 2/3
c i (As V is the same) then R must be the same to give same P B1 accept alternative wording producing same argument,
e.g. same I, same V so same R
ii 0.75/8 = 0.094 (Ω) B1 ecf (a)(ii)/8; accept 3/32 but NOT 0.09
iii for parallel circuit with break in one wire rest still work B1 any sensible statement
or series strips very wide (if use material of same resistivity as
such low resistance/ giving poor visibility))
d i 14 V B1
ii e.g. V = 12 V; I = 20 A C1 or any suitable pair of readings from graph
substitution into E = V + Ir, e.g. 14 = 12 + 20 r C1 ecf(d)(i); accept r = gradient; = (14 – 10)/40 or similar ;
r = 0.1 Ω A1 = 0.1 Ω
Total question 2 17
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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

3
a energy per unit area per unit time B1 accept power per unit area; allow second for unit time
b Small changes in R for high light intensities/daylight conditions B1 accept low R by day, high R by night for 1 mark
Large changes in R for low light intensities/dim light/night time NOT comparison e.g. R by day smaller than R at night
conditions B1
to change circuit state need a significant change in R to be max 2 marks from 3 marking points
useful/reliable B1
c i 2.5 (kΩ) A1 allow 2.4 to 2.6
ii 5.0 = I x 2.5 kΩ C1 ecf (c)(i)
giving I = 2.0 x 10-3 A A1 accept 2.0 mA
iii 4.0 = 2.0 x 10-3 x R or potential divider argument M1 ecf (c)(ii) or ecf (c)(i)
giving R = 2.0 x 103 Ω A0 accept 2.0 kΩ
d R (of LDR) = 1(.0 kΩ) B1
potential divider of 1.0 kΩ and 2.0 kΩ C1 accept I = 3.0 (mA)
giving 3.0 V across LDR A1 so V = 3.0 (mA) x 1.0 (kΩ) = 3.0 V
e light shining on the LDR will cause it to switch the illumination off B1 two suitable qualifying statements for the 2 marks
causing an ON/OFF oscillation/AW B1
Total question 3 12
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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

4
a i photoelectric effect/emission B1
ii1 the minimum energy (required) to release an electron (from the B1
surface of the metal)
ii2 3.5 x 10-19 = 6.6 x 10-34 f C1
f = 5.3 x 1014 (Hz) A1
iii ε = hc/λ = 6.6 x 10-34 x 3.0 x 108/ 4.2 x 10-7 C1 no second mark unless there is evidence of the
= 4.7 x 10-19 (J) A1 calculation being done
iv ½mv2 = 4.7 x 10-19 – 3.5 x 10-19 C1 mark for using the p.e. equation
= 1.2 x 10-19 (J) A1 accept 1.5 x 10-19 from those using 5 x 10-19 J
b i1 12 (eV) B1
ii2 ε = eV = 12 x 1.6 x 10-19 =1.92 x 10-18 (J) A1 ecf(b)(i)1
ii ½mv2 = 2.0x 10-18 C1 ½mv2 = 12 scores 0/3
v2 = 2 x 2.0 x 10-18/9.1 x 10-31 = 4.4 x 1012 C1 accept 1.9 x 10-18 from (b)(i)2
v = 2.1 x 106 (m s-1) A1 giving v = 2.0(5) x 106
c e’s emitted/s = 1.2 x 10-8/5 x 10-19 = 2.4 x 1010 C1 using 4.7 x 10-19 gives 2.55 x 1010
current = 2.4 x 1010 x 1.6 x 10-19 C1 omitting 1% scores as a POT error
= 3.8 x 10-9 (A) to 4.1 x 10-9 (A) A1 allow 4 nA as the question states ’estimate’
Total question 4 16
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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

5
a i 0.60 m B1 allow 0.6 another example of SF comment Q2
ii1 the wave has moved along 0.5 wavelengths in 0.75 ms so will can be answered in terms of phase
move one wavelength in 1.5 ms which is the period/AW B1
ii2 f = 670 Hz so v = fλ = 670 x 0.60 C1 ecf(a)(i)
= 400 (m s-1) A1 accept v = λ/T = 0.60/1.5 x 10-3
b 0 B1
c i displacement any distance moved from equilibrium of a allow alternatives for equilibrium, e.g.
point/particle (on a wave) B1 mean/rest/undisturbed position
amplitude maximum possible displacement (caused by wave B1
motion)
ii progressive a wave which transfers energy B1 accept phase relationship descriptions between
stationary a wave which traps/stores energy (in pockets) B1 different points on wave;
must be a comparison for same property to score both
OR marks
progressive : transfers shape/information from one place to
another B1
stationary where the shape does not move along/which has
nodes and antinodes/AW B1
d i the incident wave is reflected at the fixed ends of the wire B1 must have reference to an end of the wire
reflected wave interferes/superposes with the incident wave B1 QWC mark
to produce a resultant wave with nodes and antinodes/no B1
energy transfer
ii1 0.70 (mm) B1 allow 0.60 to 0.80 mm
ii2 0.15 (m)/0.45 (m) B1 anywhere on vertical line x = 0.15 or 0.45
ii3 x = 0.2, y = -1.7 B1
Total question 5 15
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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

6
a i method of producing coherent sources at S 1 and S 2 B1 e.g. initial single slit
light (waves) from the two slits/sources must be coherent; B1
that is, they must have a constant phase relationship/difference B1
slits must be narrow/close together (so that diffraction patterns
overlap) B1
light (waves) from two slits must have similar amplitudes/intensities B1 max 3 marks from 5 marking points
ii bright: constructive interference occurs/waves add to give a
maximum amplitude at the screen B1
path difference between slits and screen is a whole/integer number accept explanation in terms of distance or phase
of wavelengths/waves arrive in phase at screen B1
dark: destructive interference occurs/waves add to give a minimum
amplitude/zero at the screen B1
path difference between slits and screen is an odd half number of accept explanation in terms of distance or phase
wavelengths/waves arrive out of/in antiphase at screen B1
b i 7.4/5 = 1.48 x 10-3 (m) B1 accept 1.5 mm
ii λ = xd/L C1 using 1.5 mm gives 600 nm
= 1.48 x 10-3 x 0.6 x 10-3/1.5 C1 ecf(b)(i) e.g. 4 92 x 10-7 for 1.23 mm
= 5.9(2) x 10-7 (m) A1 accept 590 nm
c pattern/fringes vanish B1
because there is now no interference from light from the two slits/AW B1
light spreads out over whole/similar region B1
light intensity (at screen) is less B1
diffraction spreads light B1
simple description of single slit pattern B1 e.g. bright in middle and dim at edges/sketch of bell
shape
further features of single slit pattern B2 max 3 marks from 8 marking points
Total question 6 14
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Question Expected Answers M Additional Guidance

7
a reference to a transverse wave or to vibrations in plane normal to can be answered with suitable diagram(s)
the direction of (energy) propagation B1
oscillations/vibrations in one direction only/confined to single plane NOT the wave oscillating in one plane
(containing the direction of propagation) B1
b set up apparatus, e.g. tray of water on table with lamp/light from
window B1
rotate the filter B1 QWC mark essential for full marks
rotation of filter changes the image intensity/brightness/AW B1 allow from bright to zero or vice versa
correct orientation for maximum and minimum intensities of image B1 transmission axis parallel to water surface for
maximum and perpendicular for minimum
move head up or down to change angle of reflected light observed B1 can hold head still and move lamp
use of protractor to measure angles B1
image/reflection becomes partially plane polarised/ image changes
from bright to dim but does not disappear B1 max 3 from 6 marking points + QWC mark
c I = I 0 cos2θ B1
where I 0 is the maximum intensity (of the polarised beam) B1 allow incident/original/initial for maximum
when θ is zero maximum intensity transmitted/ image bright B1
when θ is 90o minimum/zero intensity transmitted/image B1
dim/vanished
Total question 7 10
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