LECTURE 6

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE

STRUCTURES

Engr. CHRISTOPHER S. PALADIO

School of Engineering – Civil Engineering Program

Aurora State College of Technology
Zabali Campus, Baler, Aurora

School of Engineering
INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXPECTED / INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

Evaluate the graphical representation of the response function

of the structure as a unit load moves onto it.
Understand the methods in constructing influence line
Apply the influence line diagram in structure subjected to
external load

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES
➢ Influence line is a diagram

➢ It shows how specific force in a structure changes due to a moving

unit load.

➢ It represents the reaction, internal shear or internal moment at a

specific location on a member due to a moving concentrated unit
force

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

METHODS IN CONSTRUCTING INFLUENCE LINES

 Brute Force Method
• Apply or place a load at different points
• Use static or mechanics to calculate internal load or reaction

 Graphical Technique
• Uses Muller – Breslau Principle
• Based on Virtual Work Method

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)

Example 1:
Construct the influence line for
(a) reaction at A and B
(b) shear at point C
(c) bending moment at point C
(d) moment at point B
of the beam in the figure

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)
• REACTION:
Solution: Reaction at A

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)

• REACTION:
Solution: Reaction at B

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)

• SHEAR:
Solution: Shear at C

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)
• SHEAR:
Solution: Shear at C

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)

• MOMENT:
Solution: Bending Moment at C

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

BRUTE – FORCE METHOD (BEAM)

• MOMENT:
– Solution: Bending Moment at C

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

• The influence line for any action (reaction, internal shear or internal
moment) in a structure is equal to the deflection curve when action is
removed and replaced with a corresponding unit displacement or
rotation

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

 STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING INFLUENCE LINE

• Identify the action

• Redraw the structure without the capacity for that action

• Apply a unit displacement or unit rotation in place of action

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

• REACTION:
➢ Pinned Support

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

• REACTION:
➢ Fixed Support

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

• SHEAR:
➢ Pinned Support

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

• SHEAR:
➢ Fixed Support

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

• MOMENT:
➢ Pinned Support

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:
• MOMENT:
➢ Fixed Support

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

Example 1:
Construct the influence line for
(a) reaction at A, C and E
(b) shear at point D
(c) bending moment at point D
(d) moment at point C
of the beam in the figure

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

MULLER BRESLAU PRINCIPLE:

Example 2:
Construct the influence line for
(a) reaction at A and C
(b) shear at point D, E and F
(c) bending moment at point D, E and F
of the beam in the figure

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXERCISES:
A) Draw the influence line diagram of the following beams:

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXERCISES:
B) Draw the shear influence line diagram of the following
beams:

at point C

at points F, G, H, I, J, and K at point C

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXERCISES:
C) Draw the moment influence lines for each point circled in
red. Then, calculate the maximum positive and negative
moment for each point. The beam is subjected to a
moving load of 50 KN. :

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 1:
• For concentrated load, multiply the load with the corresponding value
in the influence line.
• For uniformly distributed load, multiply the load by the corresponding
area in the influence line.
• To determine the maximum value. Position the loads in the influence
line to produce the greatest or maximum force required.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 1:

Example:
Determine the maximum reaction at support B, the maximum shear at
point C and the maximum positive moment that can be developed at
point C due to a single concentrated live load of 8000 N, a uniform live
load of 3000 N/m and a beam weight of 1000 N/m

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 2: SERIES OF CONCENTRATED LOADS

• Number of possible cases for the determination of maximum shear

depends on the number of concentrated loads.
• For each case, position one of the concentrated load at a point with a
highest (for positive shear) or lowest (for negative shear) value in the
influence line created.
• Compare the resulting shear for each case to determine the position of
the load which would produce the maximum possible shear.
• If the beam is not symmetric, repeat the process considering the other
direction of the moving load.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 2: SERIES OF CONCENTRATED LOADS

Example 1:
Determine the maximum shear at point B in the beam shown below due
to the wheel loads of the moving truck.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 2: SERIES OF CONCENTRATED LOADS

Example 2:
Determine the maximum positive and negative moment created at point
B in the beam shown below due to the wheel loads of the crane.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 3: ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR AND MOMENT

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM MOMENT:

• Find the location of the resultant load.
• Position the load on the beam with the mid distance between one load
and the resultant at the midspan of the beam.
• Draw an influence line where the highest point is at the position of the
considered load.
• Compute the moment using the influence line.
• Do this for the rest of the load.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR:

• For maximum shear, position one load at the support of the beam.
• Compute the shear using the influence line.
• Do this for the rest of the load.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 3: ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR AND MOMENT

Example 1:
Determine the absolute maximum moment and maximum shear on the
simply supported beam due to the wheel loads

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 3: ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM SHEAR AND MOMENT

Example 2:
Determine the absolute maximum moment on the simply supported
beam due to the wheel loads

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES FOR FLOOR GIRDERS:

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES FOR FLOOR GIRDERS:

Example 1:
Draw the influence line for the shear in panel CD of the floor girder
shown in the figure.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES FOR FLOOR GIRDERS:

Example 2:
Draw the influence line for the moment at point F for the floor girder
shown in the figure.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
EXERCISES:
1. A uniform live load of 250 lb/ft and a single concentrated live
force of 1.5 k are to be placed on the floor beams. Determine
(a) the maximum positive shear in panel AB, and (b) the
maximum moment at D. Assume only vertical reaction occur
at the supports.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
EXERCISES:
2. A uniform live load of 0.6 k/ft and a single concentrated live
force of 5 k are to be placed on the top beams. Determine (a)
the maximum positive shear in panel BC of the girder, and (b)
the maximum positive moment at C. Assume the support at B
is a roller and at D a pin.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
EXERCISES:
3. A uniform live load of 2 k/ft and a single concentrated live
force of 6 k are placed on the floor beams. If the beams also
support a uniform dead load of 350 lbft, determine (a) the
maximum positive shear in panel CD of the girder and (b) the
maximum negative moment in the girder at D.Assume the
support at C is a roller and E is a pin.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES – TRUSS:

 Constructing Influence Line for a Member
• Identify the joints between the support that the load will visit
• Place a unit load on one joint
• Compute the reactions at support
• By method of section, pass a cutting plane on the required
member
• Solve for the magnitude of the member using equations of
equilibrium
• Plot the value on the influence line diagram.
• Repeat the process for the rest of the joints.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES – TRUSS:

Example 1:
Determine the influence line in member BC

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

INFLUENCE LINES – TRUSS:

Example 2:
Determine the influence line for member BC, BH and CH

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 1: SERIES OF CONCENTRATED LOAD

Example 1:
Draw the influence line of member AB and determine the maximum
axial force due to the load applied. Forces are in KN and distances are
in meter.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

APPLICATION 2: UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

Example 1:
Draw the influence line of member AB and determine the maximum
axial force due to the load applied. Forces are in KN and distances are
in meter.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXERCISES:
1. Determine the influence line for axial force in member HI and
member EF.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXERCISES:
2. Determine the influence line for member PR if the load moves
between nodes I and L

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
EXERCISES:
3. Determine the maximum compressive and tensile force in
members CD, GH and DH. The structure is expected to
support a moving vehicle with two axles each applying a
vertical load of 20 KN to the truss. The distance between the
two axles is 13 meters.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

EXERCISES:
4. Determine the maximum compressive and tensile force in me
mber AB due to the weight of the moving vehicle shown.

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INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

REFERENCES / TEXTBOOKS:
1. Hibbeler, R. C. (2012). Structural Analysis. Eight Edition. Upper Saddle
River, NJ. Pearson Prentice Hall
2. Karnovsky I. A. & Lebed, O. (2010). Advanced Method of Structural
Analysis. New York, NY. Springer Science+Business Media
3. McKenzie, W. M. C. (2014). Examples in Structural Analysis. Second
Edition. Boca Raton, FL. Taylor & Francis Group
4. Spencer, W. J. (1998). Fundamental Structural Analysis. New York, NY.
Springer Science+Business Media
5. Ghali, A., Neville, A. M., & Brown, T. G. (2009). Structural Analysis: A
Unified Classical and Matrix Approach. Sixth Edition. New York NY.
Taylor & Francis Group

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

REFERENCES / TEXTBOOKS:
6. Kassimali, A. (2011). Structural Analysis. Fourth Edition, SI. Stamford,
CT. Cengage Learning
7. Megson, T. H. G. (2005). Structural and Stress Analysis. Second
Edition. Burlington MA. Elsevier Butterworth – Heinemann
8. https://www.scribd.com/document/71022606/06-InfluenceLineBeams
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrMzrbAJuA4&list=PLjrNUPGdy6h
ZT9oBK7_6S--tK_lUE9Xtw&index=73
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxU_IBkwaVY&list=PLjrNUPGdy6h
ZT9oBK7_6S--tK_lUE9Xtw&index=74
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BU7BxD1_fI&list=PLjrNUPGdy6h
ZT9oBK7_6S--tK_lUE9Xtw&index=75

Aurora State college of Technology - School of Engineering

INFLUENCE LINE FOR STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

REFERENCES / TEXTBOOKS:
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGbUFqJdWuc&list=PLjrNUPGdy6
hZT9oBK7_6S--tK_lUE9Xtw&index=41
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vg5LDGMoCO4&list=PLjrNUPGdy
6hZT9oBK7_6S--tK_lUE9Xtw&index=40
14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPWDLaYEWGk&list=PLjrNUPGdy
6hZT9oBK7_6S--tK_lUE9Xtw&index=20

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Thank you!

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