November Month Plan CBSE - 10 Probability Assignment

Solutions

Question: 1) In a group of 20 people, 5 can't swim. If one person is selected at random,

Then the probability that he/she can swim, is
3
(a) 4
1
(b) 3
(c) 1
1
(d) 4
Solution:
Total number of people = 20
No. of people who can swim = 15
15 3
Required probability = 20
= 4
Hence option A is the answer.

Question: 2) A fair die is thrown once. The probability of even composite number is
(a) 0
1
(b) 3
3
(c) 4
(d) 1
Solution:
Outcomes on throw of dice = 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
Even composite numbers = 4, 6
Thus,
Total number of outcomes = 6
Total even composite numbers = 2
Thus,
P(getting an even composite number)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
2
= 6
1
= 3
So, the correct answer is (b)

Question: 3) A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20 are defective and the others are
good. Nuri will buy a pen if it is good, but will not buy if it is defective. The shopkeeper
draws one pen at random and gives it to her.
What is the probability that ​ (i) She will buy it ? (ii) She will not buy it ?
Solution:
Total number of pens = 144
Number of pens Nuri will buy
= Number of good pens
= Total number pens - Number of defective pens
= 144 - 20
= 124
Now,
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑁𝑢𝑟𝑖 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑠
P(Nuri buys a pen) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠
124
= 144
31
= 36
P(Nuri does not buy a pen) = 1- P(Nuri buys a pen)
31
= 1− 36
36−31
= 36
5
= 36

Question: 4) If the probability of a player winning a game is 0.79, then the probability of
his losing the same game is :
(a) 1.79
(b) 0.31
(c) 0.21%
(d) 0.21
Solution:
If the probability of a player winning a game is 0.70, them the probability of his losing
the same game is 0.21.
Explanation:
Probability of loosing the game
= 1- Probability of winning the game
= 1 - 0.79
= 0.21

Question: 5) From the data 1, 4, 7, 9,16, 21, 25, if all the even numbers are removed, then
the probability of gettingat random a prime number from the remaining is:
2
(a) 5
1
(b) 5
1
(c) 7
2
(d) 7
Solution:
 From the data 1, 4, 7, 9, 16, 21, 25, if all the even numbers are removed, then the
1
probability of getting at random number from the remaining is 5
​ Explanation
Given:
1, 4, 7, 9, 16, 21, 25 After removing even numbers, the data is 1, 7, 9, 21, 25
Prime number : 7
1
Thus, required probability = 5

Question: 6) If P(A) denotes the probability of an event A, then

(a) P(A) < 0
(b) P(A) > 1
(c) 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
(d) -1 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
Solution:
The measure of likelihood that an event will occur is probability
It is referred as a number that lies between o and 1
O Indicates the impossibility and 1 indicates the certainty
Higher the probability of an event, more likely it is for the event to occur
So the probability of an event lies between O and 1
Therefore, if P(A) denotes the probability of an event A, then O ≤ P(A) ≤ 1.

Question: 7) Which of the following is not probability of an event?

(a) 0.89
(b) 52%
1
(c) 3
%
1
(d) 0.89
Solution:
We know that the probability of an event E lies in between 0 and 1, that is, 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
and it cannot be less than 0 and greater than 1.
(A)​0.89 ​ 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
(B)​0.52 ​ 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
(C)​0.000769​ 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
(D)​1.1235​0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
So Option (d) is the correct answer

Question: 8) Two dice are rolled together. The probability of getting the sum of the two
numbers to be more than 10, is
1
(a) 9
1
(b) 6
 7
(c) 12
1
(d) 12
Solution:
Total Number of Possibilities Two Dice Together: 6 × 6 = 36
Dice have number 1 To 6
If one of the dice shows 1 to 4, the sum will not be greater than 10.
Also, 5 + 5 = 10,
So, there are only three combinations that add up to sums greater than 10.
5 + 6 = 11
6 + 5 = 11
6 + 6 = 12
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑑𝑑 𝑈𝑝 𝑡𝑜 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑠 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑛 10 3 1
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
= 36
= 12
The correct answer is (B)

Question: 9) The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain test questions is
𝑥 2
12
. If the probability of not guessing the correct answer to this question is 3
. then x = 2(b)
3 (c) 4 (d) 6
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 6
Solution:
𝑥
Given Probability of guessing a correct answer = 12
2
and probability of not guessing the correct answer = 3
As we know
P(occurrence of an event) + P(non-occurrence of an event) = 1
𝑥 2 𝑥+12
∴ 12
+ 3
= 1⇒ 12
= 1⇒𝑥 = 12 − 8 = 4
Question: 10) An event is very unlikely to happen. Is probability is closest to
(a) 0.0001
(b) 0.001
(c) 0.01
(d) 0.1
Solution:
Probability can be defined as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total
number of outcomes of an event.
The probability of an event which is unlikely to happen is close to zero i.e. 0.0001
Therefore, its probability is closest to 0.0001.
Question: 11) A card is selected at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cars.
The probability of its being face card is.
3
(a) 13
4
(b) 13
6
(c) 13
9
(d) 13
Solution:
Consider S as the sample space
In a pack, there are 52 playing cards
n(S) = 52
Consider B as the event that the card drawn is a face card
In a pack, total face card = 12
n(B) = 12
So the probability of it being a face card is
𝑛(𝐵)
P(B) = 𝑛(𝑆)
12
= 52
3
= 13
3
Therefore, the probability of it being a face card is 13

Question: 12) If the probability of an event is p, the probability of its complementary event
will be
(a) p - 1
(b) p
(c) 1 - p
1
(d) 1 − 𝑝
Solution:
For any event A, there exists another event A’ which shows the remaining elements of the
sample spce S.
A’ denotes complementary event of A
A’ = S - A
We know that
Probability of an event + Probability of its complementary event = 1
It can be wirtten as
Probability of its complementary event = 1 - Probability of an event = 1 - p
Therefore, the probability of its complementary event will be 1 - p.

Question: 13) The proabbility of getting a bed egg in a lot of 400 is 0.035. The number of
bad eggs in the lot is
(a) 7
(b) 14
(c) 21
(d) 28
Solution:
It is given that
Total number of eggs = 400
Probability of getting a bd egg P(E) = 0.035
Consider x as the number of bad eggs
The formula to find the probability is
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑠
P(E) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑠

Substituting the values

0.035 = x/400
By further calculation
35 𝑥
1000
= 400

35
𝑥= 1000
×400
140
𝑥= 10

𝑥 = 14
Therefore, the number of bad eggs in the lot is 14.
Question: 14) A game consists of spinning an arrow which comes to rest pointing at one of
the regions (1, 2, or 3) (Fig.). Are the outcomes 1, 2 and 3 equally likely to occur? Give
reasons.
Solution:
Probability can be defined as the ratio of the number of favourable outcomes to the total number
of outcomes of an event.
We know that
Probability = Favourable outcomes/ Total outcomes
From the question,
Total outcome = 360
Here
90 1
P(1) = 360
= 4
90 1
P(2) = 360
= 4
180 1
P(3)= 360
= 2
Therefore, it is clear that the outcomes are not equally likely to occur. ​
Question: 15) A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 white balls and 7 black balls. What is the
probability that a ball drawn from the bag at random will be neither red nor black ?
1
a) 5
1
b) 3
7
c) 15
8
d) 15
Solution:
Here,
P(neither red nor black) = P(white ball)
Now,
Number of white balls = 5
Total Number of balls = 3 + 5 + 7 =15
Thus,
P(neither red nor black) = P(white ball)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
5
= 15
1
= 3
So, the correct answer is (B)

Question: 16) One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Calculate the
probability that the card will
(i) be an ace, (ii) not be an ace.

Solution:
Well -shuffling ensures equality likely outcomes.
(i) There are 4 aces in a deck. Let E be the event ‘the card is an ace’.
The number of outcomes favourable to E = 4
The number of possible outcomes = 52 (why ?)​
4 1
Therefore, P(E) = 52 = 13
(ii) Let F be the event ‘card drawn is not an ace’.
The number of outcomes favourable to the event F = 52 - 4 = 48 (why ?)
The number of possible outcomes = 52
 48 12
Therefore, P(F) = 52
= 13

Question: 17) A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles and 4 green marbles. One
marble is taken out of the box at random. What is the probability that the marble taken out
will be (i) red ? (ii) white ? (iii) not green.
Solution:
Total number of marbles in the box = 5 + 8 + 4 = 17
i) P(red) = no. of red marbles/ total number of marbles
5
P(red) = 17

ii)P(white) = no. of white marbles/total number of marbles

8
P(white) = 17

iii) P(green) = no. of green marbles/total number of marbles

4
P(green) = 17
13
P(not green) = 1 - P(green) = 17

Question: 18) One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards, each of the 52 cards being
equally likely to be drawn. Find the probability that the card drawn is:
(i) an ace. (ii) red. (iii) either red or king. (iv) red and a king. (v) a face card. (vi) a red face
card. (vii) ‘2’ of spades (viii) ‘10’ of a black suit.
Solution:
Out of 52 cards, one card can be drawn in 52 ways.
So, total number of elementary events = 52
(i) There are four ace cards in pack of 52 cards. So, one ace can be chosen in 4 ways.
Favorable number of elementary events = 4
4 1
Hence, required probability = 52
= 13

(ii) There are 26 red cards in a pack of 52 cards. Out of 26 cards, one card can be chosen in 26
ways.
Favorable number of elementary events = 26
26 1
Hence, required probability = 52
= 2

(iii) There are 26 red cards, including two red kings, in a pack of 52 playing cards. Also, there
are 4 kings, two red and two black. Therefore, card drawn will be a red card or a king if it is any
one of 28 cards (26 red cards and 2 black kings).
Favourable number of elementary events = 28
28 7
Hence, required probability = 52
= 13
.
(iv) A card is drawn will be red as well as king, if it is a red king. There are 2 red kings in a pack
of 52 playing cards.
Favourable number of elementary events = 2
2 1
Hence, required probability = 52
= 26
.

(vi) There are 6 red face cards 3 each from diamonds and hearts. Out of these 6 red face cards,
one card can be chosen in 6 ways.
Favourable number of elementary events = 6
6 3
Hence, required probability = 52
= 26
.

(vii) There is only one ‘2’ of spades.

Favourable number of elementary events = 1
1
Hence, required probability = 52
.
(viii) There are two sults of black cards viz. Spades and clubs. Each suit contains one cards
bearing number 10.
Favourable number of elementary events = 2
2 1
Hence, required probability = 52
= 26 .

Question: 19) Which of the following arguments are corrects and which are not correct ?
Give reasons for your answer.
Solution:
If two coins are tossed simultaneously, there are three possible outcomes - two heads, two tails,
1
or one of each. Therefore, for each of these outcomes, the probability is 3
.
We use the basic concepts of probability to find the required outcomes.
(i) Incorrect
If two coins are tossed simultaneously then,
Total possible outcomes are (H,H), (T,T), (H,T), (T,H) = 4
Number of outcomes to get two heads = (H, H) = 1
Number of outcomes to get two tails = (T, T) =1
Number of outcomes to get any one of each = (H,T), (T,H) = 2
Probability of getting two heads = Number of possible outcomes/Total number of favourable
outcomes
1
=4
Probability of getting one of each = Number of possible outcomes/Total number of favourable
outcomes
2 1
=4 =2.
1
It can be observed that the probability of each of the outcomes is not 3
.
Question: 20) It is known that a box of 600 electric bulbs contains 12 defective bulbs. One
bulb is taken out at random from this box. What is the probability that it is a non-defective
bulb?
Solution:
Total number of bulbs = 600
Total number of non-defective bulb = 600 - 12 = 588
588
P(non defective bulbs) = 600
= 0.98

Question: 21) A box contains 20 discs which are numbered from 1 to 20. If one disc is
drawn at random from the box, then find the probability that the number on the drawn
disc is a (i) 2- digit number, (ii) number less than 10
Solution:
i) 2 digit number probability (2 digit number) = no if favourable outcomes/total no of outcomes
p(e) = n(e) ÷ n(s)
n(s) = 20 (20 terms)
n(e) = 11 (10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20)
𝑛(𝐸)
p(E) = 𝑛(𝑆)
.
11
= 20
.

ii) less that 10

Probability (less than 10) = no if favourable outcomes/total no of outcomes
p(e) = n(e) ÷ n(s)
n(s) = 20
n(e) = 9 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
9
p(E) = 20
.

Question: 22) If the letters of the word RAMANUJAN are put in a box and one letter is
drawn at random. The probability of that the letter is drawn at random. The probability
that it is letter A:
a) 0
1
b) 3
3
c) 4
d) 1
Solution:
The word word RAMANUJAN has
1 R, 3 A, 1 M, 2 N, 1 U, 1 J.
Total number of letters = 9
Number times A comes = 3
Thus,
 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 3 1
Probability that the letter is A = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
=9=3
So, the correct answer is (d)

Question: 23) A child has a block in the shape of a cube with one letter written on each face
as shown below:
A B C D E A
The cube is thrown once. What is the probability of getting (i) A ? (ii) D?
Solution:
Here, Total number of elementary events = 6
(i) As letter A comes twice on the face of cube,
2 1
Probability of getting A, P(E) = 6
=3
(ii) As letter D comes once on the face of cube,
1
Probability of getting A, P(E) = 6

Question: 24) A box contains cards numbered 6 to 50. A card is drawn at random from the
box. The probability that the drawn card has a number which is a perfect square like 4, 9
… is
1
a) 45
2
b) 15
4
c) 45
1
d) 9
Solution:

Total number of cards = 50 - 6 + 1 = 45

Perfect square numbers are….
4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100
Number of perfect square between 6 to 50 = 5
Thus,
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 5 1
P(getting a perfect squares) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠
= 45 = 9

So, the correct answer is (d)

Question: 25) What is the probability that an ordinary year has 53 Mondays ?
Solution:

An ordinary year has 365 days consisting of 52 weeks and 1 day.

This day can be any day of the week.
1
Therefore, P(of this days to be Monday) = 7
.
1
Thus, the probability that an ordinary year has 53 Mondays is 7
.

𝑥
Question: 26) The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain question is 3
. If
𝑥
the probability of not guessing the correct answer is 5
, then find the value of x.
Solution:
𝑥
Probability of guessing the correct answer = 3
.
𝑥
P(E) = 3

𝑥
Probability of not guessing the correct answer = 5

𝑥
P(E)’ = 5

But P(E) + P(E)’ =1

𝑥 𝑥
3
+ 5
=1
5𝑥+3𝑥
5
= 1
8𝑥
⇒ 15 = 1

8x =15
15
𝑥= 8

15
∴ The value of x = 8
.

Question: 27) One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn
i) Is queen of hearts;
ii) Is not a jack
Solution:
Total number of cards from a well - shuffled deck = 52
Total number of queen of hearts = 1
Total number of not a jack = 48
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 1
(i) Probability of getting queen of hearts = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
= 52

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘 48 12

(ii) Probability of not getting a jack = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
= 52
= 13
Question: 28) In a survey on holidays, 120 people were asked to state which type of
transport they used on their last holiday. The following pie chart shows the results of the
survey.
(i) If one person is selected at random, find the probability that he/she travelled
by bus or ship.
(ii) Which is most favourite mode of transport and how many people used it ?
(iii) (a) A person is selected at random. If the probability that he did not use
4
train is 5
, find the number of people who used train.
OR
7
(iii) (b) The probability that randomly selected person used aeroplane is 60
. Find the
revenue collected by air company at the rate of ₹ 5,000 per person.
Solution:
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
P(A) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

(i) Given
Bus + ship
= 33 + 36
= 69o
We know Total = 360o
(Bus or Ship) =
Total person on Bus or ship = 23 people
23
∴ P(A) = 120

A= he/she travelled by bus or ship

ii) Car is most favourite mode of transport
177
⇒ No. of people = 360
× 120

= 59 people
4
iii) a) Probability that he did not use train is 5

1
Probability that people use train is 5
…[∵ P(A) + P(Ā))=1]
1
No. of people who used train 5
× 120 = 24 people

Or
7
b) Given probability that randomly selected person used an airplane is 60

7
Total No. of people = 60
× 120 =14 people Revenue collected by air is = 14 × 5000
= ₹ 70.000

Question: 29) "Eight Ball" is a game played on a pool table with 15 balls numbered 1 to 15
and a "cue ball" that is solid and white. Of the 15 numbered balls, eight are solid
(non-white) coloured and numbered 1 to 8 and seven are striped balls numbered 9 to 15.
The 15 numbered pool balls (no cue ball) are placed in a large bowl and mixed, then one
ball is drawn out at random.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
i) What is the probability that the drawn ball bears number 8 ?
ii) What is the probability that the drawn ball bears an even number ? OR What is the
probability that the drawn ball bears a number, which is a multiple of 3 ?
iii) What is the probability that the drawn ball is a solid coloured and bears an even
number ?

Solution:
1 1
i. Probability of no. 8 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 15
.
ii. Even number balls are 2,4,6,8,10,12,14
Total number of even number ball = 7
∴ Probablity of an even number ball
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 7
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
= 15
.
Or
Multiple of 3 between 1 to 15 are 3,6,9,12,15.
Total number of balls which is multiple of 3 = 5
∴ Probablity of multiple of 3 ball
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 5 1
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
= 15
= 3
iii. Solid coloured and even number balls are 2,4,6,8
∴ Required Probablity
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 4
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
= 15

Question: 30) Two friends were born in the year 2000. The probability that they have the
same birthday is:
1
(a) 365
364
(b) 365
1
(c) 366
365
(d) 366
Solution:
Two friends have one of the 366 days in the year 2000 as her birthday.
[Year 2000 is a leap year]
Total number of outcomes in which two friends may have their birthday = 366 × 366
Two friends may have the same birthday on any one of the 366 days of the year 2000.
Number of favorable outcomes in which Two friends will have same birthday = 366
Probability = number of favorable outcomes/total number of outcomes.
Probability that both have the same birthday = 366/(366 × 366) = 1/366.
Hence, the probability that they both have the same birthday is 1/366.

Question: 31) Assertion (A): In a cricket match, a batsman hits a boundary 9 times out of
45 balls he plays. The probability that in a given ball, he does not hit the boundary is ⅘.
Reason (R): P(E) + P(not E) = 1
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of the Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true
Solution:
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
the Assertion (A)
Total number of balls = 45
Number of times the ball hits the boundary = 9
Number of times the ball does not hit the boundary
= (45 - 9)
= 36
Let E be the event that the ball hits the boundary then,
9
𝑃(𝐸) = 45
1
= 5
P(not E) = P(he does not hit the boundary)
1
= 1− 5
5−1
= 5
4 36 4
= 5
[∵𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐸] = 45
= 5
Also,
P(E) + P(not E) = 1 is true.

Question: 32) Blood group describes the type of blood a person has. It is a classification of
blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of
red blood cells. Blood types predict whether a serious reaction will occur in a blood
transfusion. In a sample of 50 people, 21 had type O blood, 22 had type A, 5 had type B and
rest had type AB blood group.
Based on the above, answer the following questions :
(i) What is the probability that a person chosen at random had type O blood?
(ii) What is the probability that a person chosen at random had type AB blood group?
(iii) What is the probability that a person chosen at random had neither type A nor type B
blood group?
OR
(iii) What is the probability that the person chosen at random had either type A or type B,
or type O blood group?
Solution:
No. of people had type O blood​ =​ 21
No. of people had type A blood​ =​ 22
No. of people had type B blood​ =​ 5
No. of people had type AB blood​ =​ 2
21
(i)​ P(O-type blood group)​ =​ 50

2 1
(ii)​ P(AB type blood group)​ =​ 50
= 25

(iii)​ Number of persons that had neither Type A nor Type B ​ = 50 - (22 + 5) = 23

23
(iii)​ P(Number of persons that had neither Type A nor Type B)​ = 50

No. of students in class X​ =​ 60

No. of girl students in class X​ =​ 45
No. of boy students in class X​ =​ 15
45 3
(i)​ P(Girl students in class X)​ =​ 60
= 4

15 1
(ii)​ P(Boy students in class X)​ =​ 60
= 4

1
(iii)​ P(The student name “Shivani” students in class X) ​ = 60

1
(iii)​ P(One out of Ravi, Mahesh, or Vikas is selected)​ = 3

Question: 33) A carton of 24 bulbs contain 6 defective bulbs. One bulbs is drawn at
random. What is the probability that the bulb is not defective? If the bulb selected is
defective and it is not replaced nd a second bulb is selected at random from the rest, what is
the probability that the second bulb is defective?
Solution:
∴ Total number of bulbs. n(S) = 24
 Let E1 = Event of selecting not defective bulb
= Event of selecting good bulbs
n(E1) = 18
( )
𝑛 𝐸1
( )
∴𝑃 𝐸1 = 𝑛(𝑠)
=
18
24
=
3
4
Suppose, the selected bulb is defective and not replaced, then total number of bulbs
remains in a carton, n(S) = 23.
In them, 18 are good bulbs and 5 are defective bulbs.
5
∴ P(selecting second defective bulb) = 23

Question: 34) There are 1000 sealed envelopes in a box, 10 of them contain a cash prize of
Rs 100 each, 100 of then contain a cash prize of Rs 50 each and 200 of them contain a cash
prize of Rs 10 each and rest do not contain any cash prize. If they are well shuffled and an
envelope is picked up out, what is the probability that it contains no cash prize?
Solution:
Give, a box contains 1000 sealed envelopes.
10 of them contain a cash prize of Rs. 100 each.
100 of then contain a cash prize of Rs. 50 each.
200 of them contain a cash prize of Rs. 10 each.
Rest do not contain any cash prize.
The box is well shuffled and an envelope is picked out.
We have to find the probability that the envelops contains no cash prize.
The probability of picking out an envelope that it contains no cash prize is given by
Favorable outcomes = Envelopes that do not contain cash prize
Envelopes that do not contain cash prize = total envelopes - envelopes that contain Rs.
100 - envelopes that contain Rs. 50 - envelopes that contain Rs. 10
= 1000 - 10 - 100 - 200
= 1000 - 310
= 690
Number of favorable outcomes = 690
Number of possible outcomes = 1000
 Probability = number of favorable outcomes/ number of possible outcomes
Probability = 690/1000
= 69/100
Therefore, the probability of selecting an envelope that contains no cash prize is 69/100.

Question: 35) Boz A contains 25 slips of which 19 are marked Re 1 and other are marked
Rs 5 each. Box B contains 50 slips of which 45 are marked Re 1 each and other are marked
Rs 13 each. Slips of both boxes are poured into a third box and resuffled. A sip is drawn at
random. What is the probability that it is marked other than Re 1?
Solution:
Given, box A contains 25 slips of which 29 are marked Re. 1 and other are marked Rs. 5
each.
Box B contains 50 slips of which 45 are marked Re. 1 each and others are marked Rs. 13
each.
Slips of both boxes are poured into a third box and reshuffled.
A slip is drawn at random.
We have to find the probability of selecting a slip that is marked other than Re. 1.
Considering box A,
Total number of slips = 25
19 slips are marked Re. 1
Slips marked Rs. 5 = 25 - 19 = 6
Considering box B,
Slips marked Re. 1 = 19 + 45 = 64
Slips marked Rs. 5 = 6
Slips marked Rs. 13 = 5
Total number of slips = 25 + 50 = 75
Favorable outcomes = slips marked other than Rs. 1
Slips marked other than Rs. 1 = slips marked Rs. 5 and slips marked Rs. 13
Number of favorable outcomes = 6 + 5 = 11
Number of possible outcomes = 75
Probability = number of favorable outcomes/ numbre of possible outcomes Probability =
11/75
Therefore, the probability of selecting a slip that is marked other than Rs. 1 is 11/75.

Question: 36) A child’s game has 8 triangles of which 3 are blue and rest are red, and 10
squares of which 6 are blue and rest are red. One piece is lost at random. Find the
probability that it is a
(i) triangle ​ (ii) square​ (iii) Square of blue colour​ (iv) triangle of red colour
Solution:
Total number of articles n(s) = 10 + 8 = 18​
Total number of blue triangle is 3.
Total number of red triangles is 5.
 Total number of blue squares is 6
total number of red squares is 4.
(i) The probability that lost piece is a triangle is
calculated as follows:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑃(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
8
⇒ 𝑃(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 18
4
⇒ 𝑃(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 9
(ii) The probability that lost piece is a square is calculated as follows:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑃(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
10
⇒ 𝑃(𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒) = 18
5
⇒ 𝑃(𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒) = 9
(iii) The probability that lost piece is a square of blue colour is calculated as follows:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑃(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
6
⇒ 𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒) = 18
1
⇒ 𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒) = 3
(iv) The probability that lost piece is a triangle of red colour miscalculated as follows:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑃(𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
5
⇒ 𝑃(𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) = 18

Question: 37) In a game, the entry fee is Rs 5. The game consists of a tossing a coin 3 times.
If one or two heads show, Sweta gets her entry fee back. If she throws 3 heads, she receives
double the entry fees. Otherwise she will lose. For tossing a coin three times, find the
probability that she
(i) loses the entry fee.
(ii) gets double entry fee.
(iii) just gets her entry fee.
Solution:
 Total possible outcomes of tossing a coin 3 times,
S = {(HHH), (TTT), (THT), (TTH), (THH) (HTH), (HHT)}
∴ n(s) = 8
(I) Let E1 = Event that Sweta losses the entry fee
= She tosses tail on three times
n(E1) = {(TTT)}
( )
𝑛 𝐸1
( )
𝑃 𝐸1 = 𝑛(𝑠)
=
1
8
(II) Let Event that Sweta gets double entry fee
= She tosses tail on three times = {(HHH)}
n(E2) =1
( )
𝑛 𝐸2
( )
∴𝑃 𝐸2 = 𝑛(𝑠)
=
1
8
(III) Let Event that sweta gets her entry fee back
= {(HTT, (THT), (TTH), (HHT), (HTH), (THH)}
n(E3) = 6
( )
𝑛 𝐸3
( )
∴𝑃 𝐸3 = 𝑛(𝑠)
=
6
8
=
3
4

Question: 38) A lot consists of 48 mobile phones of which 42 are good, 3 have only minor
defects and 3 have major defects. Varnika will buy a phone if it is good but the trader will
only buy a mobile if it has no major defect. One phone is selected at random from the lot.
what is the probability that it is
(i) Acceptable to Varniks?
(ii) Acceptable to the trader?
Solution:
Given, total mobiles = 48
Minor defective mobiles = 3.
Major defective mobiles = 3.
Good mobiles = 42.
The P(A) of the random experiment is,
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Here, n(S) = 48
42 7
(i) P( acceptable to varnika) = 48
= 8
(ii) Here, the trader will buy only when it has no major defects.
Let, B be the event that a reade will buy the mobile phones when it has no major defects.
So, n(B) = 45
Thus, the probability that the mobile phone is acceptable to traders is,
𝑛(𝐵)
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆)
45
⇒ 𝑃(𝐸) = 48
15
⇒ 𝑃(𝐸) = 4168
 15
The probability that the mobile phone is acceptable to the trader is 16
.