Solution

PRACTICE

Class 12 - Mathematics
1. Given: f is continuous on [0, π]
π π
∴ f is continuous at x = 4
and 2
π
At x = 4 , we have

lim f(x) = lim f

x→ 4
π− h→0
( ) π
4
−h

= lim [( ) √ ( )]
h→0
π
4
− h + a 2sin
π
4
−h

= [ √ ( )] [ ]
π
4
+ a 2sin
π
4
=
π
4
+a

x→ 4
π+
( )
lim f(x) = lim f
h→0
π
4
+h

= lim [( ) ( ) ]
h→0
2
π
4
+ h cot
π
4
+h +b

= [ () ] [ ]
π
2
cot
π
4
+b =
π
2
+b

π
At x = 2 , we have,

lim f(x) = lim f

x→ h
π− h→0
( ) π
2
− h = lim
h→0
[( ) ( ) ]
2
π
2
− h cot
π
2
−h +b =b

lim f(x) = lim f

x→ 2
π+ h→0
( ) π
2
+ h = lim
h→0
[ ( ) ( )]
acos2
π
2
+ h − bsin
π
2
+h = −a−b

π π
Since f is continuous at x = 4
and x = 2
we get
lim f(x) = lim f(x) and lim f(x) = lim f(x)
π− π+ π− π+
x→ 2 x→ 2 x→ 4 x→ 4
π π
⇒ - b - a = b and 4
+a= 2
+b
−a −π
⇒ b= 2
...(i) and 4
= b − a ...(ii)
−π − 3a
⇒
4
= 2
...[Substituting the value of b in eq. (ii)]
π
⇒ a=
6
−π
⇒ b= 12
...[From eq. (i)]
2. Applying parametric differentiation
dy
dθ
= 2a - 2a cos 2θ
dy
dθ
= 0 + 2a sin 2θ
dy dy dθ sin 2θ
dθ
= dθ
× dx
= 1 − cos 2θ
π
Now put the value of θ = 3

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 sin 2 ()π

|
3
dy
dx π =
θ= 3
1 − cos 2 () π
3

√3
2
= 1
1+ 2
√3
2 1
= 3
=
√3
2
dy 1 π
So, dx
is at θ = 3
√3
The differentiation of the given function is as above.
3. We have,
y2 = a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x
⇒ 2y2 = a2 (2 cos2 x) + b2 (2 sin2 x)
⇒ 2y2 = a2 (1 + cos 2x) + b2 (1 - cos 2x)
⇒ 2y2 = (a2 + b2) + (a2 - b2) cos 2x ....(i)
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
dy
4y = -2 (a2 - b2) sin 2x
dx
dy
⇒ 2y dx
= -(a2 - b2) sin 2x ....(ii)
From (i), we obtain
2y2 - (a2 + b2) = (a2 - b2) cos 2x ...(iii)
Squaring (ii) and (iii) and adding, we get

4y 2
() {dy 2
dx
+ 2y 2 − a 2 + b 2 ( )} 2
= (a2 - b2)2 {sin2 2x + cos2 2x}

⇒
()
4y 2
dy 2
dx
+ 4y4 - 4y2 (a2 + b2) + (a2 + b2)2 = (a2 - b2)2

⇒
{( )
4y 2
dy 2
dx
+ y2 − a2 + b2 ( )} = (a2 - b2)2 - (a2 + b2)2

⇒
{( )
4y 2
dy 2
dx
+ y2 − a2 + b2 ( )} = -4a2b2

⇒
() dy 2
dx (
+ y2 − a2 + b2 = − )
a 2b 2
y2

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get

2 ()dy
dx
d 2y
dx 2
+ 2y dx =
dy 2a 2b 2 dy
y3 dx

d 2y a 2b 2 dy
⇒ +y= ..[Dividing both side by 2 dx ]
dx 2 y3

( )
4. If, f(x) =
4x + 1,
{ λ x 2 − 2x ,

if x > 0
is continuous at x = 0,
if x ≤ 0

We shall use definition of continuity to find the value of λ.

Since f(x) is continuous at x=0,therefore,
(LHL)x=0 = (RHL)x=0 = f(0).........(i)
⇒ f(0) = λ[0-0] = 0,

LHL = lim f(x) = lim f(0 − h)

x→0− h→0

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 [
= λ lim (0 − h) 2 − 2(0 − h)
h→0
]
=λ×0=0
RHL = lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h)
x→0+ h→0
= lim 4(0 + h)+ 1 = 1
h→0
∵ LHL ≠ RHL, which is contradiction to Equation (i)
∴ There is no value of λ for which f(x) is continuous at x = 0.

(
5. Given, x = a cost + logtan 2 .........(i)
t
)
and y = a sin t..........(ii)
Therefore, on differentiating both sides w.r.t t, we get,
dx
dt
=a
[ d
dt
(cost) +
d
dt
logtan
t
2 ]

[
= a − sint +
1

tan 2
t
d
dt ( )
tan
t
2
] [by using chain rule of derivative]

[
= a − sint +
1

tan 2
t ⋅ sec 2 2
t d
dt () t
2
]
[
= a − sint +
1

tan 2
t × sec 2 2 ×
t 1
2
]
[
= a − sint +
1
sin t / 2
cos t / 2
×
cos 2 2
1
t ×
1
2
]
[
= a − sint + t
2sin 2 ⋅ cos 2
1
t
]
[
= a − sint +
1
sin t ] [ ∵ sin2θ = 2sinθcosθ]

=a
( ) 1 − sin 2 t
sin t

⇒
( )[
dx
dt
=a
cos 2 t
sin t
∵ ]
1 − sin 2θ = cos 2θ ..........(iii)

Again,on differentiating both sides of (ii) w.r.t t, we get,

dy
dt
= a cos t...............(iv)

3 / 40
 dy
dy dt acos t
Therefore, dx
= dx = [ from Eqs(iii) and (iv)]

acos t
dt
a
( ) cos 2 t
sin t

= × sint = tan t
acos 2 t
Therefore,on differentiating both sides of above equation w.r.t x, we get,
d
dx ()dy
dx
=
dx
d
(tant)

=
d
dt
(tant) dx
dt
[ ∵
dx
d
f(t) =
d
dt
f(t) ⋅
dt
dx ]
d 2y sin t
⇒ = sec 2t × [ From Eq.(iii)]
dx 2 acos 2 t
d 2y 4
sin tsec t
⇒ =
dx 2 a
π
Therefore, on putting t = 3 ,we get,
√3

[ ]
π π
d 2y sin 3 × sec 4 3 2 × ( 2 )4
= =
dx 2 π a a
t= 3
8√ 3
= a

{
3
(2x − 3)[x], ≥
2
3
6. F(x) = − (2x − 3), 1 ≤ x ≤
2

sin ( ) πx
2
,x < 1

For continuity at x = 1
F(1) = - (2(1) - 3) = 1
LHL = lim f(x)
x→1−
= lim f(1 − h)
h→0

= lim sin
h→0
( π(1−h)
2 )
π
= sin 2
=1
RHL = lim f(x)
x→1+
= lim f(1 + h)
h→0
= lim − (2(1 + h) − 3)
h→0
= - 1( - 1)
=1
LHL = RHL = f(1)
So, f(x) is continuous at x = 1
For differentiability at x = 1
f(x) −f(1)
(LHD at x = 1) = lim
x−1
x→1−
f(1−h) −f(1)
= lim 1−h−1
h→0

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 sin ( π(1−h)
2 ) −1

lim −h
h→0

sin
( π
2 − 2h
π
) −1

= lim −h
h→0

cos ( )π
2h −1

= lim h
h→0 −2

=0
f(x) −f(1)
(RHD at x = 1) = lim x−1
x→1+
f(1+h) −f(1)
= lim 1+h−1
h→0
− [2(1+h) −3] −1
= lim h
h→0
− 2 − 2h + 3 − 1
= lim h
h→0
− 2h
= lim h
h→0
=-2
(LHD at x = 1) ≠ (RHD at x = 1)
Hence, f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 1
7. Given function is

{ {
| x | + 3, x≤ −3 − x + 3, x ≤ − 3
f(x) = − 2x, −3 < x < 3= − 2x, − 3 < x < 3
6x + 2, x≥3 6x + 2, x ≥ 3
First, we verify continuity at x = - 3 and then at x = 3
Continuity at x = -3
LHL = lim f(x) = lim ( − x + 3)
x→ ( −3)− x→ ( −3)−
⇒ LHL = lim [ − ( − 3 − h) + 3]
h→0
= lim (3 + h + 3)
h→0
=3+3=6
and RHL = lim f(x) = lim ( − 2x)
x→ ( −3)+ x→ ( −3)+
⇒ RHL = lim [ − 2( − 3 + h)]
h→0
= lim (6 − 2h)
h→0
⇒ RHL = 6
Also, f(-3) = value of f(x) at x = - 3
=-(-3) + 3
=3+3=6
∵ LHL = RHL = f(-3)
∴f(x) is continuous at x = - 3 So, x = - 3 is the point of continuity.
Continuity at x = 3
LHL = lim f(x) = lim [ − (2x)]
x→3− x→3−
⇒ LHL = lim [ − 2(3 − h)]
h→0
= lim ( − 6 + 2h)
h→0

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 ⇒ LHL = -6

and RHL = lim f(x) = lim (6x + 2)

x→3+ x→3+
⇒ RHL = lim [6(3 + h) + 2]
h→0
⇒ RHL = 20
∵ LHL ≠ RHL
∴ f is discontinuous at x = 3 Now, as f (x) is a polynomial function for x < -3 , -3< x < 3 and x > 3 so it is continuous in these
intervals.
Hence, only x = 3 is the point of discontinuity of f(x).

8. ATQ , y = log
( ) x2 + x + 1
x2 − x + 1
+
2

√3
tan − 1
( ) √3x
1 − x2

Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule,

dy
dx
=
d
dx
log
( )
x2 + x + 1
x2 − x + 1
+
2 d

√3 dx
tan − 1
( ) √3x
1 − x2

⇒
dy
dx
=

( )
1

x2 + x + 1
x2 − x + 1
dx
d

( ) x2 + x + 1
x2 − x + 1
+
2

√3
{ }( )
1+
( )
1

√3x
1 − x2
2
d
dx
√3x
1 − x2

( { ) }{ }
d d d d
( x − x + 1 ) ( x + x + 1 ) − (x + x + 1 ) ( x − x + 1 ) (1−x ) (1−x ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ( √3x ) − √3x dx 1 − x 2
dy x2 − x + 1 dx dx 2 dx
⇒ = +
dx x2 + x + 1 1 + x 4 − 2x 2 + 3x 2
(x − x + 1 ) 2 2 √3 (1−x )
2 2

( ){ ( x − x + 1 ) ( 2x + 1 ) − ( x + x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 )
} { }{ (1 − x ) ( 1 − x ) ( √3 ) − √3x ( − 2x )
}
2 2 2 2 2
dy 1 2
⇒ = +
dx x2 + x + 1 1 + x2 + x4
(x −x+1 ) 2 √3 (1−x ) 2 2

( ) ( )
2+2 2
dy 2x 3 − 2x 2 + 2x + x 2 − x + 1 − 2x 3 − 2x 2 − 2x + x 2 + x + 1 2 √3 − √3x √3x
⇒ = +
dx x 4 + 2x 2 + 1 − x 2 √3 1 + x2 + x4

( )
( )
2√ 3 x 2 + 1
dy − 2x 2 + 2
⇒ = +
dx x4 + x2 + 1
√3 (1+x +x ) 2 4

dy (
2 1 − x2 ) 2 (x +1 )
2

⇒
dx
= + 2 4
(x +x +1 ) 1+x +x
4 2

2 (1−x +x +1 ) 2 2
dy
⇒ =
dx 1 + x2 + x4
dy 4
⇒ =
dx 1 + x2 + x4

9. Let u = tan − 1 ( ) 1−x

1+x

Put x = tanθ
⇒ θ = tan-1x

⇒ u = tan − 1
( 1 − tan θ
1 + tan θ )

6 / 40
 ⇒ u = tan − 1 tan [ ( )] π
4
−θ ...(i)

Here,
-1 < x < 1
⇒ − 1 < tanθ < 1

π π
⇒ − 4
<θ< 4
π π
⇒
4
> −θ> 4
π π
⇒
4
> −θ> 4
π π
⇒ 0< 4
−θ< 2
So, from equation (i),

u=
π
4
π
[
− θ since , tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈
( π π
− 2, 2 )]
⇒ u= 4
− tan − 1x
Differentiating it with respect to x,

du
dx
=0−

du
( ) 1
1 + x2

1
⇒ = − ...(ii)
dx 1 + x2

And let v = √1 − x 2
Differentiating it with respect to x,

(1 − x )
dv 1 d
2
dx
= × dx
√
2 1 − x2
dv 1
⇒
dx
= ( − 2x)
√
2 1 − x2
dv −x
⇒
dx
= ...(iii)
√1 − x 2
Dividing equation (ii) by (iii),
du
dx 1 √1 − x 2
dv = − ×
1 + x2 −x
dx

du √1 − x 2
∴
dv
=
(
x 1 + x2 )
10. Let y = esin x + (tan x)x
⇒ y = e sin x + e log ( tan x ) x

⇒ y = esin x + ex log (tan x)

Differentiating with respect to x
dy d d
dx
= dx (e ) + {e
sin x
dx
xlog ( tan x )
}
d d
= e sin x dx (sinx) + e xlog ( tan x )
dx
(xlogtanx)

= e sin x(cosx) + e log ( tan x ) x

[ d
x dx (logtanx) + logtanx dx (x)
d
]
= e sin x(cosx) + (tanx) x
[ x
tan x (sec x ) + logtanx ]
2

= esin x(cos x) + (tan x)x [x sec x cosec x + log tan x]

The differentiation of the given function y is as above.

7 / 40
 sin − 1 x d 2y dy
11. According to the question, if y =
√1 − x 2 (
, then we have to show that 1 − x 2 ) dx 2
− 3x dx − y = 0.

sin − 1 x
Now,we have, y =
√1 − x 2
Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
d d

dy √1 − x 2 × dx ( sin − 1 x ) − ( sin − 1 x ) × dx √1 − x 2
dx
=
(√ ) 1 − x2
2

=
[√ 1 − x2 ×
√1 − x 2
1
− sin − 1x .
√
1

2 1 − x2
⋅
d
dx (1−x ) 2
]
(√ ) 1 − x2
2

=
[√ 1 − x2 ⋅
√
1

1 − x2
(
− sin − 1x ) ⋅
√
− 2x

2 1 − x2 ]
1 − x2
xsin − 1 x
1+
√1 − x 2
=
(1−x ) 2

dy 1 + xy
⇒ =
dx 1 − x2
dy
⇒
(1 − ) x 2 dx = 1 + xy
Therefore,on differentiating both sides of above equation w.r.t x, we get,

(1 − x ) ( )
d dy dy d d
2 ⋅
dx dx
+ dx ⋅
dx (1 − x ) = 2
dx
(1 + xy) [By using product rule of derivative]

d 2y dy dy
⇒
(1 − x ) 2
dx 2
+ dx
( − 2x) = 0 + x dx + y.1
d 2y dy dy
⇒
(1 − x ) 2
dx 2
− 2x dx − x dx − y = 0
d 2y dy
∴
(1 − x ) 2
dx 2
− 3x dx − y = 0

12. To find value of sec-1

( ) 1 + x2
1 − x2

The formula used cos θ = sin

( )
π
2
−θ

(
d sin − 1 x ) 1
dx
=
√1 − x 2

We have, sec-1
( ) 1 + x2
1 − x2

Putting x = tan θ
θ = tan-1 x .....(i)
Putting x = tan θ in the equation....

⇒ sec-1
( 1 + ( tan θ ) 2
1 − ( tan θ ) 2 )
= sec-1
( )
1 + tan 2 θ
1 − tan 2 θ

8 / 40
 = sec-1 ( ) 1
cos 2θ

= sec-1 (sec 2θ)

= 2θ

Now, we can see that sec-1

( )
1 + x2
1 − x2
= 2θ

Now Differentiating
d ( 2θ )
⇒
dx

( )
d
= 2 dx tan − 1x
2
=
1 + x2

13. y = A e-kt cos (pt + c)

differentiating w.r.t. t
dy
⇒
dt {
= A e − kt{ − sin(pt + c) × p} + (cos(pt + c)) − re − kt ( )}
⇒ -A pe-kt sin (pt + c) -k A e-kt cos (pt + c)
dy
⇒
dt
= -A pe-kt sin (pt + c) - ky
differentiating w.r.t. t
d 2y
⇒
dt 2 {
= − Ap e − kt(cos(pt + c) × p) + (sin(pt + c)) e − kt × − R − ky 1 ( ) }
= -p2y + A pke-kt sin (pt + c) - ky1
Adding and subtracting ky1 on RHS
d 2y
⇒ = + A pke-kt sin (pt + c) - p2y - 2ky1 + ky1
dt 2
d 2y
= A pke-kt sin (pt + c) - p2y - 2ky1 - k A pe-kt sin (pt + c) - k2y
dt 2
d 2y
( )
dy
⇒ = − p 2 + k 2 y − 2k dx
dt 2
d 2y dy
⇒ + 2k + n 2y = 0
dt 2 dt
Hence proved.
( cos x ) . . . ∞
14. We have, y = (cosx) ( cos x )
⇒ y = (cosx) y
∴ logy = log(cosx)
y

⇒ logy = ylogcosx

On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

1 dy d dy
y
. dx
= y. dx
logcosx + logcosx. dx
1 dy y d dy
⇒
y dx
. = cos x dx
. cosx + logcosx. dx
1 dy y dy
⇒
y dx
. = cos x
. ( − sinx) + logcosx dx

⇒
dy
dx [ 1
y
− logcosx =
] − ysin x
cos x
= − ytanx

dy − y 2tan x
∴ =
dx ( 1 − ylog cos x )
y 2tan x
= ylog cos x − 1
Hence Proved.
x2 + 1
15. Let y = x xcos x +
x2 − 1
x2 + 1
Also, Let u = xx cos x and v =
x2 − 1

9 / 40
 ∴ y=u+v
dy du dv
⇒
dx
= dx
+ dx
...(i)

Now, u = xx cos x
⇒ log u = log (xx cos x)
⇒ log u = x cos x log x
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1 du d d d
= cosxlogx (x) + xlogx (cosx) + xcosx (logx)
u dx dx dx dx

⇒
du
dx
du
[
= u cosxlogx + x( − sinx)logx + xcosx
( )]
1
x

⇒
dx
= xx cos x (cos x log x - x sin x log x + cos x)
du
⇒
dx
= xx cos x[cos x (1 + log x) - x sin x log x] ...(ii)
x2 + 1
Again, v =
x2 − 1

⇒ log v = log(x2 + 1) - log(x2 - 1)

Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1 dv 2x 2x
= −
v dx x2 + 1 x2 − 1

( ) ( )
[ ]
2x x 2 − 1 − 2x x 2 + 1
dv
⇒
dx
=v
(x +1 ) (x −1 )
2 2

⇒
dv
dx
=
x2 + 1
x2 − 1 [( x2 + 1
− 4x

) (x −1 )2 ]
dv − 4x
⇒
dx
= ...(iii)
(x −1 ) 2 2

From (i), (ii) and (iii), we obtain

dy 4x
dx
= xx cos x[cos x(1 + log x) - x sin x log x] -
(x −1 )
2 2

1 + tan x
16. Let y = log
√ 1 − tan x

⇒ y = log { } 1 + tan x
1 − tan x
2

⇒ y=
1
2
log { } 1 + tan x
1 − tan x
1
⇒ y= 2
{log(1 + tan x) - log(1 - tanx)}

⇒
dy
dx
=
1
2 { d
dx
{log(1 + tanx)} −
d
dx
{log(1 − tanx)}
}
=
1
2 { 1
1 + tan x
×
d
dx
(1 + tanx) −
1
1 − tan x
×
d
dx
(1 − tanx)
}
=
1
2 { 1
1 + tan x (0 + sec x ) − 2
1
1 − tan x (0 − sec x ) }
2

=
1
2 { sec 2 x
1 + tan x
+
sec 2 x
1 − tan x }

10 / 40
 =
1
2
sec 2x
{ }1 − tan x + 1 + tan x
1 − tan 2 x

=
1
2
sec 2x

sec 2 x
( ) 2
1 − tan 2 x

=
1 − tan 2 x
1 + tan 2 x
=
1 − tan 2 x
1
=
1 − tan 2 x
1 + tan 2 x
1
= cos 2x
= sec 2x
LHS=RHS
Hence proved.

17. Let u = tan − 1

( ) 2x
1 − x2
and v = sin − 1
( )2x
1 + x2
.

Put x = tan θ, we get

u = tan − 1
( ) 2tan θ
1 − tan 2 θ
and v = sin − 1
( )
2tan θ
1 + tan 2 θ

⇒ u = tan-1(tan 2 θ) and v = sin-1(sin 2 θ)

When x ∈ (− ∞, -1).
We have,
π π π
x = tan θ and x ∈ ( − ∞, − 1) ⇒ − ∞ < tanθ < − 1 ⇒ ⇒ − 2
<θ< − 4
⇒ − π < 2θ < − 2
∴ u = tan − 1(tan2θ) = tan − 1{tan(π + 2θ)} = π + 2θ = π + 2tan − 1x
du 2 2
⇒ =0+ =
dx 1 + x2 1 + x2
and, v = sin − 1(sin2θ) = sin − 1{ − sin(π + 2θ)}
⇒ v = sin − 1(sin( − π − 2θ)) = − π − 2θ = − π − 2tan − 1x
dv 2
⇒ = −
dx 1 + x2
du 2
du dx 1 + x2
∴
dv
= = 2 = −1
dv
1 + x2
dx
The differentiation of the given function is as above .

18. Let, y = tan − 1

{ a+
x

√a 2 − x 2 }
Put x = a sin θ

⇒ y = tan − 1
{ a+
asin θ

√a 2 − a 2sin 2 θ }
⇒ y = tan − 1
( a+
asin θ

√a 2 ( 1 − sin 2 θ ) )
⇒ y = tan − 1
{ asin θ
a + acos θ }
11 / 40
 ⇒ y = tan − 1 { asin θ
a ( 1 + cos θ ) }
⇒ y = tan − 1
{ sin θ
1 + cos θ }

{ }
θ θ
2sin 2 cos 2
⇒ y = tan − 1 θ
2cos 2 2

⇒ y = tan − 1 tan 2 ( ) θ
...(i)

Here, -a < x < a

x
⇒ −1< a
<1
⇒ - 1 < sin θ < 1
π π
⇒ − 2
<θ< 2
π θ π
⇒ − 4
< 2
< 4
So, from equation (i),

y=
θ
2 [ since , tan − 1(tanθ) = θ, if θ ∈
[ π π
− 2, 2 ]]
⇒ y=
1
2
sin − 1
() x
a
[Since, x = a sin θ]

Differentiating it with respect to x,

dy
dx
=
1
2
×
1 d
dx () x
a

√ ()1−
x
a
2

⇒
dy
dx
=
2 √
a

a2 − x2
×
() 1
a

dy 1
∴
dx
=
√
2 a2 − x2

The required differentiation of the given function is as above.

19. Let, y = cos − 1

( ) 1 − x 2n
1 + x 2n

Put xn = tanθ

[ ] ( ) 2
1 − xn
∴ y = cos − 1
1+ ( x ) n 2

⇒ y = cos − 1
( )1 − tan 2 θ
1 + tan 2 θ

⇒ y = cos-1(cos 2θ) ...(i)

Here, 0 < x < ∞
⇒ 0 < xn < ∞
⇒ 0 < tan θ < ∞
π
⇒ 0<θ<
2
⇒ 0<2θ<π

12 / 40
 So, from equation (i),

[
y = 2θ since , cos − 1(cosθ) = θ, ifθ ∈ [0, π] ]
⇒ y = 2 tan-1(xn)
Differentiate it with respect to x using Chain rule,

dy
dx
=2
[ ]()
1 + xn
1

( ) 2 dx
d
xn

( )
dy 2
⇒ = × nx n − 1
dx 1 + x 2n
dy 2nx n − 1
∴ =
dx 1 + x 2n
20. Here, y = log(√x − 1 − √x + 1)
Differentiate it with respect to x we get,
dy d
dx
= dx
log(√x − 1 − √x + 1)
1 d
= (√x − 1 − √x + 1) [Using chain rule]
( √x − 1 − √x + 1 ) dx

=
1
( √x − 1 − √x + 1 ) [ d
dx √
x − 1 − dx √x + 1
d
]
[ ]
1 1 −1 1 −1
= 2
(x − 1) 2 − 2 (x + 1) 2
( √x − 1 − √x + 1 )

=
1 1
2 ( √x − 1 − √x + 1 ) ( 1

√x − 1
−
1

√x + 1 )
{ }
1 1 − ( √x − 1 − √x + 1 )
= 2 ( √x − 1 − √x + 1 ) ( √x − 1 ) ( √x + 1 )

=
−1
2 (
−1
1
( √x − 1 ) ( √x + 1 ) )
=
√
2 x2 − 1
dy −1
So, dx
=
√
2 x2 − 1

21. Given: (cosx)y = (cosy)x

y
⇒ log(cosx) = log(cosy)
x

⇒ ylogcosx = xlogcosy

d d
⇒
dx
(ylogcosx) = dx
(xlogcosy)
d dy d d
⇒ y dx logcosx + logcosx dx = x dx logcosy + logcosy dx x
1 d dy 1 d
⇒ y cos x dx cosx + logcosx dx = x cos y dx cosy + logcosy.1

⇒
1
y cos x (− sinx) + logcosx dx = x cos y − siny dx
dy 1
( dy
) + logcosy

dy dy
⇒ − ytanx + logcosx dx = − xtany. dx
+ logcosy
dy dy
⇒ xtany dx + logcosx. dx
= y tan x + log cos y
dy
⇒
dx
(xtany + logcosx) = y tan x + log cos y
dy ytan x + log cos y
⇒
dx
= xtan y + log cos x

13 / 40
 {
1 − sin 3 x π
2 , if x < 2
3cos x
π
22. Given function is : f(x) = a , if x = 2
b ( 1 − sin x ) π
, if x >
( π − 2x ) 2 2

We have,
π
(LHL at x = 2
)

lim f(x) = lim f

x→ 2
π− h→0
( ) π
2
−h

( ) ( )π
1 − sin 3 2 −h

= lim
h→0
3cos 2 ( ) π
2 −h

= lim
h→0 ( ) 1 − cos 3 h
3sin 2 h

( )
( )
( 1 − cos h ) 1 + cos 2 h + cosh
1
= 3
lim ( 1 − cos h ) ( 1 + cos h )
h→0

( )
( )
1 + cos 2 h + cos h
1
= 3
lim ( 1 + cos h )
h→0

=
1
3 ( )
1+1+1
1+1
=
1
2

π
(RHL at x = 2
)

lim
π
x→ 2 +
f(x) = lim f
h→0
( ) π
2
+h

( [ ( )]
)
π
b 1 − sin 2 +h

= lim
h→0
[ ( )]
π−2
π
2 +h
2

= lim
h→0 ( b ( 1 − cos h )
[ − 2h ] 2 )
( )
h
2bsin 2 2
= lim
h→0 4h 2

14 / 40
 = lim
h→0
( ) 2bsin 2 2

16 4
h2
h

()
h 2
b sin 2
= 8
lim h
h→0 2

b
= 8
×1
b
= 8
Also,

f () π
2
=a
π
If f(x) is continuous at x = 2
then

x→ 2
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f
π−
x→ 2
π+
() π
2

1 b
⇒
2
= 8
=a
1
⇒ a= 2
and b = 4

23. We have, y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 = 1
√ √
Let x = sin A, y = sin B
⇒
√
sinB 1 − sin 2A + sinA 1 − sin 2B = 1 √
⇒ sin B cos A + sin A cos B = 1 [ ∵ sin(x + y) = sin x cos y + cos y]
⇒ (A + B) = 1
⇒ A + B = sin-1(1)
⇒ A + B = sin-1(1)
π
⇒ sin-1x + sin-1y = 2 [ ∵ x = sin A, y = sin B]
Differentiate with respect to x,

⇒
d
dx (sin x ) + (sin y ) =
−1
d
dx
−1
d
dx () π
2
1 1 dy
⇒ + =0
dx
√ 1 − x2 √ 1 − y2

1 − y2

√
dy
⇒ = −
dx 1 − x2

LHS = RHS
Hence Proved.
24. Given,
y = (log(x + √x2 + 1)) 2

⇒
dy
dx
= 2(log(x + √x2 + 1)) x + √x + 1
1
2 ( 1+
1

2 x2 + 1
√
(2x)
)
15 / 40
 ⇒
dy
dx
= 2(log(x + √x2 + 1)) x + √x + 1
1
2 ( ) 1+
x

√x 2 + 1

( ) √x 2 + 1
dy 1 x+
⇒
dx
= 2(log(x + √ x2 + 1))
x+ √x 2 + 1 √x 2 + 1
dy
2 ( log ( x + √x 2 + 1 )
⇒ =
dx
√x 2 + 1

( )
x
1+
√1 + x 2 x
2
x + √1 + x 2
× √1 + x 2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) ×
√1 + x 2
d 2y
⇒ =
dx 2
(√ ) 1 + x2
2

⇒
d 2y
=
2
( )√√
1

1 + x2
× 1 + x 2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) × √1 + x
x
2

dx 2
(1+x ) 2

2
2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) × √1 + x 2
d y
⇒ =
dx 2
(1+x ) 2

We have to find out ,

d 2y
( )
dy
LHS = x 2 + 1 2 + x dx
dx
x
2 − 2 ( log ( x + √1 + x 2 ) ) × √1 + x 2 2 ( log ( x + √x 2 + 1 )
= ( x2 +1 × ) (1+x ) 2
+x×
√x 2 + 1
x 2x ( log ( x + √x 2 + 1 )
= 2 − 2(log(x + √1 + x 2)) × +
√1 + x 2 √x 2 + 1
=2
= RHS
Hence Proved.

25. Let, y = sin − 1

( ) ( ) 2x
1 + x2
+ sec − 1
1 + x2
1 − x2

⇒ y = sin − 1
( ) ( )
2x
1 + x2
+ cos − 1
1 − x2
1 + x2

Put, x = tan θ

∴ y = sin − 1
( ) 2tan θ
1 + tan θ 2 + cos − 1
( ) 1 − tan 2 θ
1 + tan 2 θ

⇒ y = sin − 1(sin2θ) + cos − 1(cos2θ) ...(i)

Here, 0 < x < 1
⇒ 0 < tan θ < 1
π
⇒ 0<θ<
4
π
⇒ 0 < 2θ < 2
So, from equation (i),

16 / 40
 y = 2θ + 2θ [ since , sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈
[ − 2,
π π
2 ] cos − 1(cosθ)]

⇒ y = 4θ
⇒ y = 4tan-1x [Since, x = tan θ]
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy 4
∴ =
dx 1 + x2
LHS = RHS
Hence Proved .

26. We have, LHS =

d
dx [ x
2√
a2 − x2 +
a2
2
sin − 1 a
x

]
= [ x
2
×
d
dx √ a2 − x2 + √ a2 − x2 × dx
d
() x
2
+
a2
2
× dx
d x
sin − 1 a ](By using product rule of derivative)

=
x
2
⋅
√
1

a2 − x2
d
dx (a 2 − x2 + ) √ a2 − x2 ⋅
1
2
+
a2
2
⋅
1
⋅
d
dx ()
x
a
(By using chain rule of derivative)

√
2 x2
1−
a2

=
[ x
2
⋅
2 √
− 2x

a2 − x2
+ √ a2 − x2 ⋅ 2 +
1 a2
2
×

√ 1−
1
x2
a2
⋅
1
a
]

− x2 √a 2 − x 2 a2 1
= + 2
+ 2a ⋅

√ a2 − x2 a2 − x2

√
2
a2

− x2 √a 2 − x 2 a2 a
= + + ×
2 2a
√
2 a2 − x2 √a 2 − x 2
− x2 √a 2 − x 2 a2
= + 2
+
√
2 a2 − x2 √
2 a2 − x2

(
− x2 + a2 − x2 + a2 )
=
√
2 a2 − x2
2a 2 − 2x 2
=
√
2 a2 − x2

(
2 a2 − x2 )
=
2 a2 − x2
√
= √a 2 − x 2
= RHS
Hence Proved

27. We have, tan-1

( ) √x − x

1+x2
3

= tan-1
( ) √x − x
1 + x√x

= tan-1 √x - tan-1 x
Now Differentiating

17 / 40
 (
d tan − 1 √x − tan − 1 x )
= dx

(
d tan − 1 √x ) (
d tan − 1 x )
= dx
- dx
d ( tan − 1 √x ) d√x d ( tan x ) −1

= x
- dx
d√ x
1 1 1
= 2 −
1 + ( √ x ) 2√ x 1 + x2
1 1
= −
2√ x ( 1 + x ) 1 + x2
1 1
= −
2√ x ( 1 + x ) 1 + x2

| |
f(x) g(x) h(x)
28. y = l m n
a b c

| || || |
f ′ (x) g ′ (x) h ′ (x) f(x) g(x) h(x) f(x) g(x) h(x)
dy
= l m n + 0 0 0 + l m n
dx
a b c a b c 0 0 0

| |
f ′ (x) g ′ (x) h ′ (x)
= l m n +0+0
a b c

| |
f ′ (x) g ′ (x) h ′ (x)
= l m n .
a b c

Hence proved
29. We have,

( ) ( )
−1/2 1
y = xsin − 1x 1 − x 2 + 2 log 1 − x 2

Differentiating with respect to x, we get

dy
dx
=
d
dx { xsin − 1x 1 − x 2 ( ) −1/2
} +
1 d
2 dx {log(1 − x ) } 2

dy d d d 1 1 d
x (1 − x ) 2 −1/2 (x) + x ( sin x )(1 − x ) 2 −1/2
( ) (1 − x )
−1/2
⇒ = sin − 1 −1 + xsin − 1x dx 1 − x 2 + × × 2
dx dx dx 2 1 − x2 dx

⇒
dy
dx
=
sin − 1 x

√ 1 − x2
×1+x×
√
1

1 − x2
×
√
1

1 − x2
+ xsin − 1x ×
( )(
−
1
2
1 − x2 ) −3/2 d
dx (1 − x ) + ( ) (0 − 2x)
2
1

2 1 − x2

dy sin − 1 x x x ( sin x )−1

x
⇒ = + − (0 − 2x) −
dx 1 − x2 2 2
√1 − x 2 (1−x ) 2 3/2 1−x

⇒
dy
dx
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2
+
x 2sin − 1 x

(1−x ) 2 3/2
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2 { } 1+
x2
1 − x2
=
sin − 1 x

√1 − x 2
×
1
1 − x2
=
sin − 1 x

(1−x ) 2 3/2

18 / 40
 {
sin ( a + 1 ) x + 2sin x
x
, x<0

30. If, f(x) = 2, x = 0 is continuous at x =0,

√1 + bx − 1
x
, x>0

We shall use definition of continuity to find the value of constants a and b.

Since f(x) is continuous at x=0.
∴ (LHL) x = 0 = (RHL) x = 0 = f(0).......(i)
LHL = lim f(x) = lim f(0 − h)[ put x = 0 - h, when x → 0-, then h → 0]
x→0− h→0
sin [ ( a + 1 ) ( 0 − h ) ] + 2sin ( 0 − h )
= lim (0−h)
h→0
− sin [ ( a + 1 ) h ] − 2sin h
= lim −h
[ ∵ sin( − θ) = − sinθ]
h→0
sin ( a + 1 ) h 2sin h
= lim h
+ lim h
h→0 h→0
sin ( a + 1 ) h sin h
= lim (a+1)h
× (a + 1) + 2 lim h
h→0 h→0

= 1 × (a + 1) + 2 × 1
[ ∵ lim
x→0
sin x
x
=1
]
= a + 1 + 2 = a + 3...........(ii)
RHL = lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h)[ put x = 0 + h, when x → 0+, then h → 0]
x→0+ h→0
√1 + b ( 0 + h ) − 1
= lim 0+h
h→0
√1 + bh − 1
= lim h
h→0
√1 + bh − 1 √1 + bh + 1
= lim h
× [ multiplying numerator and denominator by √1 + bh+1]
h→0 √1 + bh + 1
( 1 + bh ) − 1 bh
= lim = lim
h → 0 h ( √1 + bh + 1 ) h → 0 h ( √1 + bh + 1 )
b b b
= lim = = 2
............(iii)
h → 0 ( √1 + bh + 1 ) √1 + 0 + 1
From Equations (i), (ii) and (iii),
b
a + 3= 2 = 2 [ ∵ f(0) = 2]
b
⇒ a + 3 = 2 and 2 = 2
∴ a = − 1 and b = 4

31. Left hand limit= lim f(x) = lim (Kx + 1)

x→π− x→π−
= lim [K(π − h) + 1]
h→0
= Kπ + 1
Right hand limit = lim f(x) = lim cosx
x→π+ x→π+
= lim cos(π + h) = lim − cos h
h→0 h→0
= -cos 0 = - 1
Therefore,
Kπ + 1 = − 1
−2
⇒ K=
π

19 / 40
32. Given function is:
2
⇒ y = e 1 − x on [ – 1,1]
We know that exponential functions are continuous and differentiable over R.
First of all , check the values of y at the extremums
2
⇒ y( − 1) = e 1 − ( − 1 )
⇒ y( – 1) = e1 – 1
⇒ y( – 1) = e0
⇒ y( – 1) = 1
2
⇒ y(1) = e 1 − 1
⇒ y(1) = e1 – 1
⇒ y(1) = e0
⇒ y(1) = 1

We got y( – 1) = y(1). So, there exists a c such that f’(c) = 0.

For a curve g to have a tangent parallel to the x-axis at point r, the criteria to be satisfied is g’(r) = 0.
⇒ y’(x) = 0

( )
d e1 − x
2

⇒
dx
=0
(
d 1 − x2 )
1 − x2
⇒ e dx =0
2
⇒ e1 − x ( − 2x) = 0
⇒ 2x = 0
⇒ x=0
The value of y is
2
⇒ y = e1 − 0
⇒ y = e1 – 0
⇒ y = e1
⇒ y = e

The point at which the curve has a tangent parallel to the x-axis is (0,e) .???????????????????
33. Given,
x = a (1- cos3 θ) ...(i)
y = a sin3 θ, ...(ii)
d 2y 32 π
To prove: = at θ =
dx 2 27a 6
To find the above we will differentiate the function y wrt x twice.

As
d 2y
dx 2 =
d
dx () dy
dx

So, lets first find dy/dx using parametric form and differentiate it again.
dx d
dθ
= dθ ( )
a 1 − cos 3θ = 3acos 2θsinθ ...(iii) [using chain rule]
Similarly,
dy d
dθ
= dθ
asin 3θ = 3asin 2θcosθ ...(iv)

[ ∵
d
dx
cosx = − sinx& dx cosx = sinx
dy
d
]
dy dθ 3asin 2 θcos θ
∴ = dx = = tanθ
dx 3acos 2 θsin θ
dθ

Differentiating again w.r.t. x:

d
dx () dy
dx
= dx
d
(tanθ)

20 / 40
 d 2y dθ
= sec 2θ dx ...(v)
dx 2
d
[using chain rule and dx
tanx = sec2x]
From equation (iii)
dx
dθ
= 3acos 2θsinθ
dθ 1
∴
dx
= 2
3acos θsin θ
Putting the value in equation ...(v)
d 2y 1
= sec 2θ
dx 2 3acos 2 θsin θ
d 2y 1
=
dx 2 3acos 4 θsin θ
Put θ = π / 6

( )( )
d 2y
dx 2
at x =
π
6
=
3acos 4 6 sin 6
1
π π =
3a
( )
√3
1

2
41
2

∴
( )( )
d 2y
dx 2
at x =
π
6
=
32
27a

Hence proved
34. We have, x = sint and y = sin pt,
dx dy
∴
dt
= cost and dt
= cospt. p
dy dy / dt p . cos pt
⇒
dx
= dx / dt
= cos t
...(i)
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d dt d dt
d 2y cos t . dt ( p . cos pt ) dx − pcos pt . dt cos t . dx
=
dx 2 cos 2t
dt
[ cos t . p . ( − sin pt ) . p − pcos pt . ( − sin t ) ] dx
=
cos 2t
1
[ − p sin pt . cos t + p sint . cospt ] .
2
cos t
=
cos 2t
d 2y − p 2sin pt . cos t + pcos pt . sin t
⇒ = ...(ii)
dx 2 cos 3t
Since, we have to prove
d 2y dy
( 1 − x2 ) dx 2
− x dx + p 2y = 0

[ −p 2 sinpt . cost + p cospt . sin t ]

∴ LHS = 1 − ( sin 2t ) cos 3t
pcos pt
− sint. cos t
+ p 2sinpt

[ (1 − sin t )(− p sinpt. cost + pcospt. sint )

]
1 2 2
=
cos 3t
− pcospt. sint. cos 2t + p 2sinpt. cos 3t

=
1
cos 3t

1
[ − p 2sinpt. cos 3t + pcospt. sint. cos 2t
− pcospt. sint. cos 2t + p 2sinpt. cos 3t ][ ∵ 1 − sin 2t = cos 2t ]
= .0
cos 3t
= 0 Hence proved.

35. According to the question,if x = tan

( ) 1
a
logy , then we have to show that 1 + x 2 ( )
d 2y
dx 2
+ (2x − a)
dy
dx
= 0.

21 / 40
 We shall use product rule of differentiation to prove the above result.

Now, x = tan ( ) 1
a
logy

1
⇒ tan − 1x = a
logy
⇒ a tan − 1x = log y
On differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
1 1 dy
a× = ⋅
1 + x2 y dx

(1 + x )
dy
⇒
2 = ay
dx
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,

(1 + x ) ( ) (1 + x ) =
d dy dy d d
2 ⋅ + ⋅
2 (ay)[By using product rule of derivative]
dx dx dx dx dx

d 2y
(1 + x )
dy dy
⇒
2 + ⋅ (2x) = a ⋅
dx 2 dx dx
d 2y
(1 + x )
dy dy
⇒
2 + 2x −a =0
dx 2 dx dx
d 2y
(1 + x )
dy
∴
2 + (2x − a) =0
dx 2 dx
Hence Proved.
36. Let y = (log x)x ...(i)
Taking log on both sides,
log y = log (log x)x
⇒ log y = x log (log x)

Differentiating with respect to x using chain rule,

1 dy d d
y dx
= x dx log(logx) + log(logx) dx (x)
1 dy 1 d
⇒
y dx
= x log x dx (logx) + log(logx)(1)

⇒
1 dy
y dx
=
x
log x () 1
x
+ log(logx)

1 dy 1
⇒
y dx
= log x
+ log(logx)

⇒
dy
dx
=y
[ log x
1
+ log(logx)
]
⇒
dy
dx
= (logx) x
[ 1
log x ]
+ log(logx) [using equaition (i)]

The differentiation of the given function y is as above.........................

37. To find the value of sec-1

( ) x2 + 1
x2 − 1

The formula used cos θ = sin ( ) π

2
−θ

(
d sin − 1 x ) 1
dx
=
√1 − x 2

We have, sec-1
( ) x2 + 1
x2 − 1

Putting x = tan θ
θ = tan-1 x .....(i)
Putting x = tan θ in the equation

22 / 40
 ⇒ sec-1
( ( tan θ ) 2 + 1
( tan θ ) 2 − 1 )
= sec-1
( ) tan 2 θ + 1
tan 2 θ − 1

= sec-1
[ ( )]
−
1 + tan 2 θ
1 − tan 2 θ

⇒ π − sec − 1
( ) 1 + tan 2 θ
1 − tan 2 θ

= π − sec − 1
( ) 1
cos 2θ

⇒ π - sec-1(sec 2θ)
= π − 2θ
= π - 2tan-1 x

Now we can see that sec-1

( )x2 + 1
x2 − 1
= π - 2tan-1 x

Now' Differentiating

(π − 2tan x )
d
⇒
−1
dx
d(π) d
= − ( 2tan x )
dx dx
−1

= 0 − 2 (tan )
d
−1
dx
2
=−
1 + x2
d 2y
( ) ( )
dy
38. According to the question,if y = cosec-1x, x> 1, then we have to show that x x 2 − 1 2 + 2x 2 − 1 dx
= 0.
dx

Now, we have , y= cosec-1x

Therefore,on differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,
dy −1
=
dx
√
x x2 − 1
dy
⇒ x x2 − 1 ⋅
√ dx
= −1

Again,differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get,

(√x x2 − 1 ) ( )
⋅
d
dx
dy
dx
+
dy
dx
⋅
dx
d
(√ x x2 − 1 = ) d
dx
( − 1)[ using product rule of derivative]

⇒ x x2 − 1 ⋅
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { x×
d
dx √x 2 − 1+ √x 2 − 1 × dx (x)} = 0
d

⇒ x x2 − 1
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { x

2 x 2 − 1 dx
√
d
(x 2
)
−1 + √x 2 − 1 × 1} = 0[ using chain rule of derivative]

⇒ x x2 − 1
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { √
x ⋅ 2x

2 x2 − 1
+ √x 2 − 1 } =0

⇒ x x2 − 1
√
d 2y
dx 2
+
dy
dx { x2

√x 2 − 1
+ √x 2 − 1 } =0

23 / 40
 ⇒
√
x x2 − 1
d 2y
dx 2

d 2y
+
dy
dx { } x2 + x2 − 1

√x 2 − 1
dy
=0

⇒
( )
x x2 − 1
dx 2 ( ) =0
+ x2 + x2 − 1 dx
d 2y dy
∴ x (x − 1 )
2 + (2x − 1 ) = 0
2
dx 2 dx

39. Let y = sin-1[2x2 - 1}

Put x = cos θ
y = sin-1{2cos2θ - 1}
y = sin-1(cos 2 θ)

y = sin − 1 sin
{ ( )} π
2
− 2θ ...(i)

Here, 0 < x < 1

⇒ 0 < cos θ < 1

π
⇒ 0<θ< 2
⇒ 0 < 2θ < π
⇒ 0 > − 2θ > − π

⇒
π
2
> ( ) π
2
− 2θ > −
π
2

⇒ −
π
2
<
( ) π
2
− 2θ <
π
2

So, from equation (i),

y=
π
2
− 2θ
[ Since, sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈
[ π π
− ,
2 2 ]]
π
⇒ y= 2
− 2cos − 1x[ Since , x = cosθ]
Differentiating it with respect to x,
dy d
dx
= 0 − 2 dx cos − 1x ( )
⇒

dy
dy
dx
= −2 −

2
( ) 1

√1 − x 2

dx
=
√1 − x 2
40. y = sin − 1x + sin − 1 1 − x 2 √
Differentiate both side w.r.t. x
dy
dx
=
√
1
2
+
√1 − ( √
1
dx
d
(√ 1 − x2 )
1−x
1 − x2
2
)
1 1 1 ( − 2x )
= + .
√ 1 − x2 2 1 − x2
√
√1 − ( √1 − x ) 2 2

=
√
1

1 − x2
+
√1 − ( √1 − x )
1

2 2
.
( ) −x

√1 − x 2

=
1

√1 − x 2
+
√x
1
2
.
( ) −x

√1 − x 2

24 / 40
 =
1

√1 − x 2
1
+
1
x ( )
1
−x

√1 − x 2
= − =0
√ 1 − x2 √1 − x 2
sin y
41. Given, x = cos ( a + y )
gives
dx cos ( a + y ) cos y + sin ysin ( a + y )
=
dy cos 2 ( a + y )
dy cos 2 ( a + y ) cos 2 ( a + y )
⇒
dx
= cos ( a + y − y )
= cos a
therefore,
dy
dx
=cos a when x = 0 i.e. y = 0
42. Let us differentiate the whole equation w.r.t. x
According to product rule of differentiation
d ( ylog x ) log xd ( y ) yd ( log x ) dy y
dx
= dx
+ dx
= logx × dx
+ x
Therefore,
d ( y × log x ) d(x−y)
dx
= dx
d(y) y d(y)
⇒ logx × dx
+ x
=1- dx
dy y
⇒
dx
[log x + 1] = 1 - x
dy y
⇒
dx
[(1 + log x)2] = 1 - x (1 + log x)
Multiply by 1 + log x on both sides)
dy y y
⇒ [(1 + log x)2] = 1+ log x - - log x
dx x x
dy y (x−y)
⇒
dx
[(1 + log x)2] = 1 + log x - x
− x
(y log x = x - y)
dy y y
⇒
dx
[(1 + log x)2] = 1 + log x - x
-1+ x
dy log x
⇒ =
dx ( 1 + log x ) 2
43. We have

√
y x 2 + 1 = log (√ x2 + 1 − x )
Differentiating both sides, we get y.
2 x2 + 1
√
1
(2x) + √x 2 + 1. dx
dy
=
1

√x 2 + 1 − x [ 1 ( 2x )

2 x2 + 1
√
−1
]
[ ] √x 2 + 1
xy dy 1 x−
⇒

√x 2 + 1
+ √ x2 + 1. dx
=
√x 2 + 1 − x √x 2 + 1

(
xy + x 2 + 1 ) dy − (√ x2 + 1 − x )
⇒
dx
=
√x 2 + 1 (√ x2 + 1 − x )√ x2 + 1

( )
dy
⇒ xy + x 2 + 1 dx
= −1

(x + 1 )
dy
⇒
2 + xy + 1 = 0
dx

44. Let, y = sin − 1

( ) ( )
√
x

1 + x2
+ cos − 1
1

√1 + x 2
Put x = tanθ

25 / 40
 ∴ y = sin − 1
( tan θ

√1 + tan 2 θ ) ( + cos − 1
1

√1 + tan 2 θ )
()
sin θ

⇒ y = sin − 1
cos θ

sec θ
+ cos − 1 ( )
1
sec θ

()
sin θ
cos θ
−1
⇒ y = sin 1 + cos − 1(cosθ)
cos θ

⇒ y = sin − 1(sinθ) + cos − 1(cosθ) ...(i)

Here, 0 < x < ∞
⇒ 0 < tan θ < ∞

π
⇒ 0<θ< 2
So, from equation (i),

y=θ+θ [ since , sin − 1(sinθ) = θ, if θ ∈

[ π π
− 2, 2 ] , cos − 1(cosθ) = θ, if θ ∈ [0, π]]

⇒ y = 2θ
⇒ y = 2 tan-1x ... [Since, x = tan θ]
Differentiate it with respect to x,
dy 2
∴ =
dx 1 + x2
LHS=RHS
Hence Proved.
45. Let u = (log x)x, v = xlog x
y = u + v .....(i)
On differentiating both sides of (i) w.r.t.x,we get
dy du dv
dx
= dx
+ dx
.....(ii)

u = (log x)x
Taking log both sides we get, log u = log {(log x)x}
⇒ log u = x log (log x)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,we get
1 du 1 1
u dx
=x⋅ log x
⋅
x
+ log (log x) (1)
du 1
⇒ = u( + log(log x))
dx log x
du 1
⇒
dx
= (log x)x ( log x + log (log x))

v = xlog x
Taking log both sides we get,
log v = log(xlog x) ⇒ log v = log x log x
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x,we get
1 dv 1 1
v
⋅
dx
= logx ⋅ x
+ logx ⋅ x
dv 2 dv 2
⇒
dx
= v ⋅ x logx ⇒
dx
= v ⋅ x logx
dv 2log x
⇒
dx
= x log x x

26 / 40
 du dv
Substituting the value of dx
and dx
in equation (ii),we get
dy 1 2log x
= (log x)x ( + log (log x)) + x log x
dx log x x
46. Here,
​​​​​​x = a. sin(2t). (1 + cos2t) and y = b. cos(2t). (1 − cos2t)

∴
dx
dt [
= a sin2t ⋅
d
dt
(1 + cos2t) + (1 + cos2t) ⋅
d
dt
sin2t
]
[
= a sin2t. ( − sin2t) ⋅ dt
d
2t + (1 + cos2t) ⋅ cos2t ⋅
d
dt
2t
]
= − 2a. sin 2(2t) + 2a. cos(2t)(1 + cos2t)

[ ]
dx
⇒
dt
= − 2α sin 22t − cos2t(1 + cos2t) .... (i)

and
dy
dt
= b cos2t ⋅
[ dt
d
(1 − cos2t) + (1 − cos2t) ⋅
d
dt
cos2t
]
[ d
= b cos2t. (sin2t) dt 2t + (1 − cos2t)( − sin2t) ⋅
d
dt
2t ]
= b[2sin2t ⋅ cos2t + 2(1 − cos2t)( − sin2t)]
= b[2sin2t ⋅ cos2t + 2(1 − cos2t)( − sin2t)] ..... (ii)
dy dy / dt − 2b [ − sin 2t ⋅ cos 2t + ( 1 − cos 2t ) sin 2t ]
∴
dx
= dx / dt
=
[
− 2a sin 2 2t − cos 2t ( 1 + cos 2t ) ]
=
b
a
⋅
(0+1)
(1−0)
... [ ∵
π
sin 2 = 1 and cos 2 = 0
π
]
b
= a
Hence proved.
dy −1
47. To prove: dx
=
√
2 1 − x2

Given: y = sin − 1
( √1 + x + √1 − x
2 )
Put x = cos2θ

y = sin − 1
[ √1 + cos 2θ + √1 − cos 2θ
2 ]
y= sin − 1
[ √1 + 2cos 2 θ − 1 + √1 − ( 1 − 2sin 2 θ )
2 ] [cos 2θ = 2cos2θ - 1 = 1 - 2sin2θ]

y = sin − 1
[ √2cos θ + √2sin θ
2 ]
y = sin − 1
[ 1

√2
cosθ +
1

√2
sinθ
]
[ π
y = sin − 1 sin 4 cosθ + cos 4 sinθ
π
]
[Using sin A cos B + cos A sin B = sin (A + B)]

y = sin − 1 sin [ ( )] π
4
+θ

π
y= 4
+θ
1
Put θ = cos − 1x [x = cos 2θ]
2

27 / 40
 π 1
y= 4
+ 2 cos − 1x
Differentiate above equation w.r.t x:
dy 1 −1
dx
=0+ 2
×
√1 − x 2
dy −1
=
dx
√
2 1 − x2

48. Let y - (log x)cos x ....(i)

Taking log on both sides,
log y = log (log x)cos x
⇒ log y = cos x log (log x)

Differentiating with respect to x,

1 dy d d
⇒
y dx
= cosx dx log(logx) + log(logx) dx (cosx)
1 dy cos x d
⇒
y dx
= log x dx
(logx) + log(logx) × ( − sinx)

⇒
1 dy
y dx
=
cos x
log x
× ()1
x
− sinxlog(logx)

⇒
dy
dx
=y
[ cos x
xlog x
− sinxlog(logx)
]
⇒
dy
dx
= (logx) cos x
[ cos x
xlog x ]
− sinxlog(logx) [using equation (i)]

The differentiation of the given function y is as above.

49. We have, tan(x + y) + tan(x - y) = 1
Differentiating with respect to x, we get,
d d d
⇒
dx
tan(x + y) + dx
tan(x − y) = dx
(1)
d d
⟹ sec 2(x + y) (x + y) + sec 2(x − y) (x − y) = 0
dx dx

⇒ sec 2(x + y) 1 +
[ ]
dy
dy
dx
+ sec 2(x − y) 1 −
dy
[ ] dy
dx
=0

⇒ sec 2(x + y) dx − sec 2(x − y) dx = -[sec2(x + y) + sec2(x - y)]

dy
⇒
dx
[sec2(x + y) - sec2(x - y)] = -[sec2(x + y) + sec2(x - y)]
dy sec 2 ( x + y ) + sec 2 ( x − y )
⇒ =
dx sec 2 ( x − y ) − sec 2 ( x + y )
50. x = a(cos 2θ + 2θ sin 2θ)
dx
⇒
dθ
= a(-2 sin 2θ + 2 sin 2θ + 4θ cos 2θ)
dx
⇒ = a(4θ cos 2θ) ...(i)
dθ
y = a (sin 2θ - 2θ cos 2θ)
dy
= = a(2 cos 2θ + 4θ sin 2θ - 2 cos 2θ)
dθ
dy
⇒
dθ
= a(4θ sin 2θ) ...(ii)
Using (i) and (ii)
dy a ( 4θsin 20 )
⇒
dx
=
a ( 40cos 2θ )
dy sin 2θ
dx
= cos 2θ
= tan2θ
Differentiating again with respect to x, we get
d 2y dθ
⇒ = 2sec 22θ ⋅
dx 2 dx
d 2y 1
⇒ = 2sec 22θ ⋅
dx 2 a ( 4θcos 2θ )

28 / 40
 ⇒
d 2y
dx 2 ] 0= 8
π
= 2sec 2 4
π
⋅

(
a 4 8 cos 4
π
1

π
)
8√ 2
= πa

51. p(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

p'(x) = 4x3 + 3ax2 + 2bx + c
∴ x = 0 is a solution for P'(x) = 0, ⇒ c=0
4 3
∴ P(x) = x + ax + bx + d
2

Also, we have P( − 1) < P(1)

∴ P'(x) = 0, only when x = 0 and P(x) is differentiable in (-1, 1),

we should have the maximum and minimum at the point x = -1, 0, 1

Also, we have P(-1)<P(1).
∴ Max of P(x) = Max[P(0), P(1)]

and Min. of P(x) = Min[P(-1), P(0)]

In the interval [0,1],
P'(x)= 4x 3 + 3ax 2 + 2bx = x(4x 2 + 3ax + 2b)
′ 2
∴ P (x) has only one root x = 0, 4x + 3ax + 2b = 0 has no real roots.

∴ (3a) 2 − 32b < 0

3a 2
⇒
32
<b
∴ b>0
Thus, we have a>0 and b>0
∴ P ′ (x) = 4x 3 + 3ax 2 + 2bx > 0 ∀ x ∈ (0, 1)
Hence, P(x) is increasing in [0,1]
∴ Max. of P(x) = P(1)

Similarly, P(x) is decreasing in [-1, 0]

Therefore, Min.P(x) does not occur at x = -1
52. x 2 = 4y
dy x
⟹ =
dx 2
Let (x1 y1) be the point lie on the given curve

]
dy x1
dx
= 2
( x1 , y1 )
−1 −1 −2
Now Slope of normal = dy = x1 = x1
dx 2
−1
Equation of normal is y − y 1 = dy (x − x 1 )
dx
−2
⟹ y − y1 = x1 (x − x 1 )
Since normal Passes through (1, 2)
−2
2 − y1 = x1 (1 − x1 ) ...(1)
Since the given curve lie on x 1, y 1 ( )
2
x1
2
x 1 = 4y 1 ⇒ y1 = 4
2
x1 −2
⟹ 2−
4
=
x1 (1 − x1 ) [Substituting y1 in (1)]
− 8 + 8x 1
2
⟹ 8 − x1 = x1
3
⟹ x1 =8
x1 = 2

29 / 40
 y1 = 1 [ ∵
2
x 1 = 4y 1 ]
Now required equation is
−1
y − y1 = dy (x − x1 )
dx
−2
⟹ y−1= 2
(x − 2)
⟹ y − 1 = − 1(x − 2)
3
53. We have,f(x) = 2
x 4 − 4x 3 − 45x 2 + 51

⇒ f’(x) = 6x3 – 12x2 – 90x

⇒ f’(x) = 6x(x2 – 2x – 15)
⇒ f’(x) = 6x(x2 – 5x + 3x – 15)
⇒ f’(x) = 6x(x – 5)(x + 3)

For f(x) to be increasing, we must have

⇒ f’(x) > 0

⇒ 6x(x – 5)(x + 3)> 0

⇒ x(x – 5)(x + 3) > 0

⇒ –3 < x < 0 or 5 < x < ∞
⇒ x ∈ (–3,0) ∪ (5, ∞)

Therefore, f(x) is increasing on interval (–3,0) ∪ (5, ∞)

Now, for f(x) to be decreasing, we must have
f’(x) < 0
⇒ 6x(x – 5)(x + 3)> 0

⇒ x(x – 5)(x + 3) > 0

⇒ –∞ < x < –3 or 0 < x < ∞

⇒ x ∈ (–∞, –3) ∪ (0, 5)

Therefore f(x) is decreasing on interval (–∞, –3) ∪ (0, 5)

54. Here,it is given the function
f(x) = 10 - 6x - 2x2

⇒ f(x)= -6 -4 x = -2 (3 + 2x) = − 4 x + ( ) 3
2
... (i)

(a) f(x) is strictly increasing

⇔ f'(x) > 0

( )
−4 x +
3
2
> 0 ... [from (i)]

⇔
( )
x+
3
2
<0 ⇔ x<
−3
2
−3
∴ f(x) is strictly increasing on the interval [ − ∞, ]
2
(b) f(x) is strictly decreasing
⇔ f'(x) < 0

⇔
( )
−4 x +
3
2
< 0 ... [from (i)]

⇔
( )
x+
3
2
>0

−3
⇔ x> 2
−3
∴ f(x) is strictly decreasing on the interval [ 2
, ∞]
−3 −3
Hence, f(x) is strictly increasing on the interval [ − ∞, 2
] and strictly decreasing on [ 2
, ∞]

30 / 40
55. Given,
f(x) = sin4x + cos4x
f'(x) = 4 sin3x cos x - 4 cos3 x sin x
f'(x) = -4 sin x cos x (cos2 x - sin2 x)
f'(x) = -2(2 sin x cos x)(cos 2 x)
f'(x) = -2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
⇒ f ′(x) = − sin4x
We have 0 < x < π / 2 ⇒ 0 < 4x < 2π
Since sin function is positive in the first and second quadrants and negative in the third and fourth quadrants. Thus, we consider
the following:
CASE 1. When 0 < 4x < π i.e. 0 < x < π / 4
Sin 4x > 0
⇒ − sin4x < 0
⇒ f ′(x) < 0
f ′(x)
< 0 for 0 < 4x < π i.e. 0 < x < π / 4
Thus, f(x) is decreasing on [0, π / 4]
CASE 2. When π < 4x < 2π i.e. π / 4 < x < π / 2
In this case we have
sin 4x < 0
⇒ − sin4x > 0
⇒ f ′(x) > 0
∴ f ′(x) > 0 for π < 4x < 2π i.e. π / 4 < x < π / 2
Thus, f(x) is increasing on [π / 4, π / 2]
56. Let f(x) = 3x 4 − 8x 3 + 12x 2 − 48x + 25 on [0, 3]
∴f ′ (x) = 12x 3 − 24x 2 + 24x − 48
Now f ′ (x) = 0
⇒ 12x 3 − 24x 2 + 24x − 48 = 0
⇒ x 3 − 2x 2 + 2x − 4 = 0

⇒
(
(x − 2) x 2 + 2 = 0 )
⇒ x = 2 or x = ± √2
Since x = ± √2 is irrational, therefore it is rejected.
∴ x = 2 is turning point.
∴ At x = 2, f(2) = 3(16) − 8(8) + 12(4) − 48(2) + 25 = − 39
At x = 0 f(0) = 25
At x = 3, f(3) = 3(81) − 8(27) + 12(9) − 48(3) + 25 = 16
Therefore, absolute minimum value is - 39 and absolute maximum value is 25.
57. Given, f(x) = sin 3x - cos 3x, 0 < x < π
Therefore, on differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get,
f'(x) = 3cos 3x + 3sin 3x
On putting f'(x) = 0, we get,
sin 3x = - cos 3x
⇒ tan 3x = -1
3π 7π 11π
⇒ 3x = , ,
4 4 4
[ ∵ tanθ is negative in Ilnd and IVth quadrants]
π 7π 11π
⇒ x= , ,
4 12 12
Now, we find intervals and check in which intervals f(x) is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
Interval Test value f'(x) = 3(cos x + sin 3x) Sign of f'(x)

0<x<
π
4
At x =
π
6 ( π π
)
3 cos 2 + sin 2 = 3(0 + 1) = 3 +ve

31 / 40
 π 7π π 3(cos π + sin π) = 3(-1 + 0) = -3 -ve
4
<x< 12
At x = 3

7π
12
<x<
11π
12
At x =
3π
4 (
3 cos
9π
4
+ sin
9π
4 ) ( =3
1

√2
+
1

√2 ) = 3√2 +ve

(
3 cos
23π
8
+ sin
23
8
π
)
11π
12
<x<π At x =
23π
24 [ ( ) ( )] (
= 3 cos 3π −
π
8
+ sin 3π −
π
8
π
= 3 − cos 8 + sin 8
π
) -ve

( ) π
= 3 sin 8 − cos 8
π
<0

Here, we see that f'(x)>0, for 0< x<

π
4
and
7π
12
<x<
11π
12
, therefore, f(x) is strictly increasing in the intervals 0,
( )
π
4
and

( 7π 11π
12
, 12 ) π 7π 11π
while f'(x)< 0 in 4
<x< 12
and 12
<x<π

therefore, f(x) is strictly decreasing in the intervals ( ) ( )

π 7π
4
, 12
and
11π
12
,π

58. Let x cm be the length of a side of the square which is cut-off from each comer of the plate. Then, dimensions of the box as
shown in Fig. are Length = 24 - 2x, Breadth = 24 - 2x and height = x.

Suppose V be the volume of the box. Then,

V = (24 - 2x)2 x = 4x3 - 962 + 576x diff w.r.t. x
dV d 2V
⇒ = 12x2 - 192x + 576 and = 24x - 192
dx dx 2
dV
The critical points of V are given by dx
= 0.
dV
∵
dx
=0

⇒ 12x2 - 192x + 576 = 0 ⇒ x2 - 16x + 48 = 0 ⇒ (x - 12) (x - 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 12,4

Clearly,
( )
d 2V
dx 2
x=4
= 24 × 4 - 192 < 0. Therefore, V is maximum when x = 4.

Therefore, the volume of the box is maximum when side of the square is 4 cm.
Substituting x = 4 in V = (24 - 2x)2 x, we obtain that the maximum volume of the box is given by V = (24 - 8)2 × 4 = 1024 cm3.
59. Given, increasing rate of volume of cube,
dV
= 9 cubic inches/s
dt

Since, Volume of a cube, V = a3

Differentiating both sides w.r.t 't', we get
dV da
dt
= 3a 2 dt
da
∴ 9 = 3a 2
dt

32 / 40
 da 3
⇒ = ...(i)
dt a2

Now, surface area of cube, S = 6a2

dS da
∴ Rate of change of surface area, dt
= 12a dt
dS 3
∴ = 12a [from (i)]
dt a2
dS 36
⇒
dt
= 12
= 3 inches 2 / s [Given a = 12 inches]
60. We have
f(x) = (a + 2)x3 - 3ax2 + 9ax - 1 diff w.r.t.x,we obtain
f'(x) = 3(a + 2)x2 - 6ax + 9a
Since f (x) is decreasing for all real values of x. Thus,
f'(x) < 0 for all x ∈ R
3(a + 2)x2 - 6ax + 9a < 0 for all x ∈ R
(a + 2)x2 - 2ax + 3a < 0 for all x ∈ R
a + 2 < 0 and 4a2 - 4 × (a + 2) × 3a < 0 [since b 2-4ab<0]
a < -2 and a2 - 3a2 - 6a < 0
a < -2 and - 2a2 - 6a < 0
a < -2 and - 2a(a + 3) < 0
Now,
− 2a(a + 3) < 0
⇒ a(a + 3) > 0

⇒ a < − 3 or, a > 0

∈ ( − ∞, − 3) ∪ (0, ∞)

a < − 2 and − 2a(a + 3) < 0

a < − 2 and a ∈ ( − ∞, − 3) ∪ (0, ∞)
a ∈ ( − ∞, − 3)
So, f(x) decreases for all x ∈ R, if a ∈ ( − ∞, − 3)
61. Here,it is given the function
f(x) = -2x3 - 9x2 - 12x + 1
⇒ f'(x) = - 6x2 - 18x - 12 = -6(x2 + 3x + 2)
= -6(x + 2)(x + 1) ... (i)
(a) f(x) is strictly increasing
⇔ f'(x) > 0

⇔ -6(x + 2)(x + 1) [from (i)]

⇔ (x + 2)(x +1) < 0

⇔ -2 < x < -1
⇔ x ∈ [-2 ,-1].

(b) f(x) is strictly decreasing

⇔ f'(x) < 0

⇔ - 6{x + 2)(x +1) < 0 [from (i)]

⇔ (x + 2)(x +1) > 0

⇔ [(x + 2) > 0 and (x + 1) > 0]

or [(x + 2) < 0 and (x +1) < 0]

⇔ (x >-2 and x > -1) or (x < -2 and x < -1)

⇔ (x > -1) or.(x < -2)

⇔ x ∈ [ − 1, ∞] or x ∈ [ − ∞, − 2]

⇔ x ∈ [ − ∞, − 2] ∪ [1 − 1, ∞]
∴ f(x) is strictly decreasing on [ − ∞, − 2] ∪ [1 − 1, ∞]

33 / 40
62. Let length of one edge of cube be x units and radius of sphere be r units.
Now surface area of cube = 6x2
And surface area of sphere = 4πr 2
According to the question
6x2 + 4πr 2 = k, where k is constant

⇒ x=
[ ] k − 4πr 2 1 / 2
6

Now,volume of cube = x3
4
and volume of sphere = 3 πr 3
The sum of volume of the cube and volume of the sphere is

S = x 3 + πr 3 =
4
3[ ] k − 4πr 2 3 / 2
6
4
+ πr 3
3

⇒
dS
dr
= − 2πr
[ ] k − 4πr 2 1 / 2
6
+ 4πr 2 ...(ii)

= − 2πr

dS
[{ } ] k − 4πr 2
6
1/2
− 2r

Now, dr
=0

⇒ 2r =
( ) k − 4πr 2 1 / 2
6

k − 4πr 2
(as r ≠ 0)

⇒ 4r 2 = 6
⇒ 24r = k − 4π 2
2

⇒ r 2[24 + 4π] = k
k 1 k
⇒ r=
√ 24 + 4π
=
2
√ 6+π

Clearly, this is point of minima

[ ]
1 k 1/2
1 k k − 4π ⋅ 4

√
⋅
(6+π)
For r = 2 6+π
,x = 6

= [ ( 6 + π ) k − πk 1 / 2
6(6+π) ] [ ] = 6+π
k 1/2
= 2r

Thus, the sum of their volume is minimum when x = 2r

Hence, the ratio of an edge of cube to the diameter of the sphere is 1 : 1
63. Let x be the length of side of each square to be removed. Then, the height of the box is x, length is 8 – 2x and breadth is 3 – 2x

If V(x) is the volume of the box, then

V(x) = x (3 – 2x) (8 – 2x)
= 4x3 – 22x2 + 24x
′ 2
⇒ V (x) = 12x − 44x + 24 = 4(x − 3)(3x − 2) ⇒ V ′′(x) = 24x − 44

34 / 40
 2
Now V′(x) = 0 gives x = 3, 3 . But x ≠ 3, as we cannot cut a square of length 6m from a sheet of breadth 3m.
2
Thus, we have x = .
3

Now V''
() ()
2
3
= 24

2
2
3
-44 = - 28 < 0.

2
Therefore, x = 3
is the point of maxima, i.e., if we remove a square of side 3
mtere from each corner of the sheet and make a box
from the remaining sheet, then the volume of the box so obtained will be the largest and it is given by

V () () () ()
2
3
=4
2
3
3
− 22
2
3
2
+ 24
2
3
200
= 27
m3
64. i. The function is f(x) = sin x
Then, f'(x) = cos x

Since for each x ∈

( )
0,
π
2
, cos x > 0, we have f'(x) > 0

Therefore, function f(x) is strictly increasing in 0,

( ) π
2
.

ii. The function is f(x) = sin x

Then, f'(x) = cos x

Since for each x ∈

( ) π
2
, π , cos x < 0, we have f'(x) < 0

Therefore, the function f(x) is strictly decreasing in

( ) π
2
,π .

iii. The function is f(x) = sin x

Then, f'(x) = cos x

Since for each x ∈

( )
0,
π
2
, cos x > 0, we have f'(x) > 0

Therefore, f(x) is strictly increasing in 0,

( ) π
2
...(i)

Now, the function is f(x) = sin x

Then, f'(x) = cos x

Since, for each x ∈

( ) π
2
, π , cos x < 0, we have f'(x) < 0

Therefore, f(x) is strictly decreasing in

( ) π
2
, π ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

It is clear that the function f(x) is neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, π).
65. We have,
f(x) = sinx (1 + cos x)
⇒ f'(x) = cos x (1 + cos x) - sin2 x
⇒ f'(x) = cos x + cos2 x - (1 - cos2 x)
⇒ f'(x) = 2cos2 x + cos x -1 = (2 cos x -1) (cos x +1).
At stationary points, we have the derivative of function = 0, thus
f'(x) = 0
1 π
⇒ (2 cos x -1) (cos x + 1) = 0 ⇒ cos x = 2
or, cos x = -1 ⇒ x= 3
or, x = π.
Let us now compute the values of x at these stationary points and at the end - points of the interval.

35 / 40
 () ( )
π π π 3√ 3
Now, f(0) = 0, f 3
= sin 3
1 + cos 3 = 4
and f(π) = 0.

3√ 3 3√ 3 π
Of these values, the maximum values is 4
Hence, f(x) attains the maximum value 4
at x = 3 .
66. f(x) = tan x - 4x
f'(x) = sec2x - 4
a. For f(x) to be strictly increasing
f'(x) > 0
⇒ sec2 x - 4 > 0
⇒ sec2 x > 4
1
⇒ cos 2x <
4

⇒ cos 2x <

1
() 1
2
2

1
⇒ − 2
< cosx < 2

⇒
π
3
<x<
π
2 [ ∵ x ∈
( )]
0,
π
2

b. For f(x) to be strictly decreasing

f'(x) < 0
⇒ sec2 x - 4 < 0
⇒ sec2 x > 4
1
⇒ cos 2x >
4

⇒ cos 2x >
() 1
2
2

⇒ cosx >
1
2 [ ( )] ∵ x ∈ 0,
π
2
π
⇒ 0<x< 3

67.

Suppose ,CD be the wall and AB is the ladder

here, AB = 6 meter and

()
dx
dt
x
= 0.5 m / sec.

AB 2 = x 2 + y 2
(6) 2 = x 2 + y 2
36 = x 2 + y 2
Differentiating it with respect to t,
dx dy
0 = 2x + 2y
dt dt
dy x dx
dt
= − y dt

()dy
dt
x=4
=
4 ( 0.5 )

√36 − x 2

36 / 40
 2
= −
√36 − 16
2
= −
2√ 5
1
= − m / sec
√5
1
Therefore, ladder top is sliding at the rate of m / sec
√5
dx dy
Now, to find x when dt
= − dt
dy x dx
dt
= − y dt
dx x dx
− dt
= − y dt
x=y
Now,
36 = x 2 + y 2
36 = x 2 + x 2
2x 2 = 36
x 2 = 18
x = 3√2m
When foot and top are moving at the same rate, foot of wall is 3√2 meters away from the wall
68. Suppose l be a line through the point P(1, 4) that cuts the x - axis and y - axis.
Now, equation of I is
y - 4 = m (x - 1)
m−4
∵ x - intercept is m
and y - Intercept is 4 - m
m−4
Suppose, S = m
+4-m
dS 4
∵ =+ -1
dm m2
For maxima and minima,we know
dS
dm
=0
4
⇒ -1=0
m2
⇒ m = ±2
Now, we have
d 2s 8
=-
dm 2 m3
d 2s
At m = 2, = -1 < 0
dm 2
2
d s
m = -2 =1>0
dm 2
m = -2 is point of local minima.
∵ least value of sum of intercept is

m−4
m
+4-m
=3+6=9

69. Given that y = cos(x + y)

dy sin ( x + y )
⇒
dy
dx
= − sin(x + y) 1 +
[ ] dy
dx
...(i)

or dx
= − 1 + sin ( x + y )
1
Since tangent is parallel to x + 2y = 0, therefore slope of tangent = − 2
sin ( x + y ) 1
Therefore, − 1 + sin (x+y)
= − 2
⇒ sin(x + y) = 1 ...(ii)
Since cos(x + y) = y and sin(x + y) = 1 ⇒ cos 2(x + y) + sin 2(x + y) = y 2 + 1
2
⇒ 1 = y + 1 or y = 0.

37 / 40
 Therefore, cos x = 0
π
Therefore, x = (2n + 1) 2 , n = 0, ± 1, ± 2..
π 3π π − 3π
Thus, x = ± 2 , ± 2
, but x = 2
,x = 2
satisfy equation (ii)

Hence, the points are

( )( )
π
2
,0 ,
− 3π
2
,0 .

Therefore, equation of tangent at

( ) π
2 ( )
, 0 is y = 1 x −
π
2
or 2x + 4y − π = 0, and equation of tangent at
( )
− 3π
2
, 0 is

y= −
1
2 ( ) x+
3π
2
or 2x + 4y + 3π = 0

70. Let S be the position of source of light.

Let BD be the position of the man at time t.

Let AB = x and BC = length of the shadow = y
dx
Now, dt
= 140
Here, △ASC ∼ △ BDC
AS AC
∴
BD
= BC
40 x+y
⇒
5
= y
⇒ 8y = x + y
⇒ 7y = x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. 't', we get
dy dx
7 =
dt dt
dy 1
∴
dt
= 7
(140) = 20ft / min
Therefore, the shadow of the man is lengthening at the rate of 20 ft/min.
The tip of the shadow is at C. Let AC = Z
AS AC
Also, = [ ∵ △ ASC ∼ △ BDC]
BD BC
40 z
∴
5
= z−x
⇒ 8(z - x) = z
⇒ 7z = 8x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. 't', we get
dz dx
7 =8
dt dt
dz 8
⇒
dt
= 7
× 140
= 160 ft/min
Therefore, the tip of the shadow is moving at the rate 160 ft/min.
x
71. f(x) = log(1 + x) −
1+x
Domain of f(x) is ( − 1, ∞)

f ′(x) = 1+x
1
−
{ } 1+x−x
( 1 + x )2

38 / 40
 1 1
= −
1+x ( 1 + x )2
x
=
( 1 + x )2
For f(x) to be increasing, we must have
f'(x) > 0
x
⇒ >0
( 1 + x )2

⇒ x > 0 [ ∵ (1 + x)2 > 0, Domain: ( − 1, ∞)]

⇒ x ∈ (0, ∞)

So, f(x) is increasing on (0, ∞)

For f(x) to be decreasing, we must have
f'(x) < 0
x
⇒ <0
( 1 + x )2
⇒ x<0[ ∵ (1 + x)2 > 0, Domain: ( − 1, ∞)]
⇒ x ∈ ( − 1, 0)

So, f(x) is decreasing on (-1, 0).

72.

dx
dt
= − 3cm / s
Let A be area of Δ
1
A= 2
× b × AD

[AD =
√ x − 2
b2
4
=
√4x 2 − b 2
2 ]
1 √4x 2 − b 2
= 2
×b× 2
dA 1 2 dx
dt
= 4
b. .8x. dt
2 √ 4x 2 − b 2

( ) dA
dt
x=b
=
b

√4 × b 2 − b 2
× b( − 3) [x = b]

3b 2
= −
√3b
√3 . √3
= − .b
√3
dA
dt
= − √3bcm 2 / s
73. f(x) = sin 2x + cos 2x
f'(x) = 2 cos 2x - 2 sin 2x
f′(x) = 0 ⇒ 2 cos 2x - 2 sin 2x = 0
π 5π
⇒ x= 8
, 8

Possible interval are 0, ( )( )( ) π

8
,
π 5π
8
, 8
,
5π
8
, 2π

f ′(x) < 0 in ( ) π 5π
8
, ( )
8
⇒ f(x) is decreasing in
π 5π
8
, 8

74. Given that, the smallest value of polynomial is f(x) = x3 - 18x2 + 96x
On differentiating with respect to x, we get

39 / 40
 f'(x) = 3x2 - 36x + 96
So,
f'(x) = 0
⇒ 3x2 - 36x + 96 = 0
⇒ 3(x2 -12x + 32) = 0
⇒ (x - 8)(x - 4) = 0

⇒ x = 8, 4 ∈ [0, 9]

We shall now calculate the value of f(x) at these points and at the end points of the interval [0,9], i.e., at x = 4 and x = 8 and at x =
0 and at x = 9.
f(4) = 43 - 18 × 42 + 96 × 4
= 64 - 288 + 384
= 160
f(8) = 83 - 18 × 82 + 96 × 8
= 512 - 1152 + 768
= 128
f(9) = 93 - 18 × 92 + 96 × 9
= 729 - 1458 + 864
= 135
and f(0) = 03 - 18 × 02 + 96 × 0
=0
Thus, we conclude that absolute minimum value of f(x) in [0, 9] is 0 occurring at x = 0.
75. f(x) = sin3x
f ′ (x) = 3cos3x
f ′ (x) = 0
cos3x = 0
π
3x = 2
π
x=
6

S A

T C

int. Sign of f’(x) Result

[ )
0,
π
6
+tive increase

( ]
π π
,
6 2
-tive Decrease

( )
Hence, f(x) is increasing on 0,
π
6
and decreasing on
( )
π π
,
6 2

40 / 40