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Expe ri ment I nsilructirrs

Please read and follow the safety regUttap ffitl! ffi installation!

Publication-no.: 916.000 00 A 376 02 (A) KL

Table of Contents
1 lntroduction .....1
2 Unitdescription .......3
2.1 Equipmentlayout. .'..3
2.2 Construction of cooling plate -. .4

2.3 Commissioning. .....5

2.4 Dataacquisitionandcontrol .... ...----7
2.4.1 lnstallationofthesoftware ......7
2.4.2 Startingthesottware... ...8
2.4.3 Startwindow... ....9
2.4.4 Timeelapsed." ..'.9
2.4.5 Controller ....9
3 Safetyinstructions... ......11
3.1 Hazards to life and limb '... 11

9.2 Hazards for equipment and function . . . . 11

4 Theoretical principles. .....13

4.1 Steadystatethermal conduction-. .....13
4.2 Thermal conductivity through a layer. . . . 14
4.2.1 Thermal conduction through flat wall with muttiple layers. . 15
4.3 Thermal resistance . . 16
 5 Experiments / lnstructor
17
5.1 Didactic remarks
18
5.2 Preparations fo r experimerrt
20
5.3 Recording the coefficient of ffiermd w,dll.rlhdif
23
5.3.1 Aim. .
23
o 5.3.2 Experimental method
o
o 23
(\l
(o 5.3.3 Measured values
o 25
c(! 5.3.4 Evaluation.
E 25
(5
j
o

@
6 Worksheets for participants.
:=
f
ll
o
(! 6.1 Comments
d) .. .. Zg
r 6.2 Preparationsforexperimeot
-c)

o
E .....29
f
(o
-o
6.3 Recording the coefficient of thennr"rd corCI$rily
o) . . . . g1
!(U
o)
6.3.1 Aim . .
o 31
t
z
6.3.2 Experimentalmethod
31
?
o 6.3.3 Measured values
E 32
a
o 6.3.4 Evaluation.
(,)
o 32
(ro
o 7 Appendix
.9) 33
CE

7.1 Technical data.

33
7.2 References
36
7.3 lndex
37

lil

I
\
 lntroduction

h.Erg ilqrrt" f a ilplft b determine the

ln
qurrfy d h H E frougf, a wall.
Ttis b bHD r E ffir arrd it primarily
oocrrshlnry
OcE h qrt a h shtic liquid or
gaesrtsFr.
o
o
o Cffihieffi and a flowing
C\I
(o
o Iqr.nanrErffirr
o
(!
E neCft, ffi -on!r friout a physical
o
o)
carb-
o
(!
m This trit dmrfrm b ard variabres
r
o
E relatirq b EG h sord bodies to
o
f
(U
bedemaEffi"
o
'E
o
o
The triig:rtfil5br@rids
zji
that do
not corrltrt 5i{l haw lcrr thermal
o
T'
o
confufirff- -
t
o
o
:i6iErrtEfIIt
o
tr
o
t
.9
E It can & b td b U h npre detail at
problerm
-r ffi. r,3t" rrergy savings rom f
insuhtirrqtsrf ddEs[e influence of
materiabm!!5l t+E

The taHee I-S!- srfrrstivity of

mahri* ffi I can be used to
perform eryefnulr fr rfus ,naterials by
installing flfo6gfrn+n

1 lntroduction
 Unit description

Equipment layout

o
o
o
E
(('
o
c(!
E
q)
(9
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oo
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tr1
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Pressing spindle kdril
I
I
o)z
ir
Hot plate - Errilr
a Pressing pressure control lamp - FGifr
r'
i
4
tr
Heater control lamp - Cttf-ilfrl&
g Mains switch ON/OFF
6 Heater ON/OFF
7 Cold plate
8 Heat flow sensor
I Cooler
10 Chamber for specimens

Fig. 2.1 View of WL 376 unit

2 Unit description
 lF Construction of cooling plate
w
2.2

AT* As shown in Figure 2.2, wilh the normal arrange-

ment of cooling water channels the AT*, must be
very small in orderto achieve an even temperature
distribution.

The arrangement of the cooling channels in the

WL 376 (Fig. 2.3) allows an even temperature
distribution to be achieved at a larger AT*. This
means that temperatures can be set on the cold
Fig.2.2 Normal cooling water plate that are significanty higher than the cooling
channel arrangement water temperature. This allows reproducible
tem peratu re radients for the specimen, even with
g

fluctuating cooling water temperatures.

tt
\t
AT*

Fig.2.3 Figure Cooling water

channel arrangement on
WL 376

a:L:;.i{..!:i11;::a::::a,=::a.a:::.
::' .

2 Unit description
 Commissioning

Note: The unit shoutd only be operated in

conjunction with a pC. Before the WL 376 can
be
commissioned, the pC data acquisition card
should be fiUed h a FC and tre associated soft_
ware instalted (see sectkn 2.g).

o
o
o
Before sm*sirip &e spedmental instruc-
E
(r)
o
tions rilrst berd ffify mrl every participant
c
(U
in eryeinets srurH be irsfuAed in proper
o
E
o franfrrg dfts trt
o
E
!
I
tE
dl
1 Ph te rdm aslaH, ild surface.
E
o 2 CrrpA fB nr.!s Gila s.pplied to the
E
(5
f
Er ecbr orhmdfrerrtand connect
(U
oo fr b tE mtr fln urHirr for the pC
!6

o
o rh qifrrerdb*o lmated on the
i rardlpulseffii2.s)
4
?
o Comed fr nh e?pl1l- First of ail,
E
o srEta bhrr lEalirg mter and a
o
o
o
tmbfuefrtm[lerearof the
I
TE
o lrl. fii all f b andaHe for the
I
,91
tr otgriUrE-
tho oilT dolr qr d bG ked dosed or
sadrdfrtr|Itdbaset up in such
a myc5Fftft *ciurtation.
Fisf d t ilt anln ut d tre master
sL$ GD -d l,rr trn m tD FC and start
lhasfu-
Opm ir +frn dfier by mscrewin g
lhem.

2 Unit description
 Place a specimen in the specimen chamber
(9). To do this, loosen the pressing spindle
(1) and raise the heating plate. Now place the
specimen to be examined onto the cooling
plate through the opening on the unit (g) and
lowerthe heating plate again. Tightening the
pressing spindle presses the specimen onto
the heating and cooling plate with a defined
pressure. This ensures a reproducible heat
contact. The conectpressing force has been
reached when the green lamp (B) on the front
of the unit lights up.
Once the lamp is lit, the pressing spindle
should be tightened by a further half turn.
I Close the over (attacfr with 4 nuts)
I Ensure that the trose for the outgoing water
ends in the ouUet, then tum up the water
supply for cooling.
10 Manually open the vafue in the sottware
Set the optimum cooling water flow of
approx. 1 .2-21lmin by gauging the capacity.
11 Now tum on the heater (6) on the front of the
unit.
12 Set the se$ltrts br the cold and hot plates
(see seclim 5.32).

The experimental system is now ready for

operation and the eryerirnents can begin.

a!r!N.:,/r;n1fr;i.J| t, :.r t::..::. ::

2 Unit description
 ::-::tj.::aa:a4

2.4 Data acquisition and control

The unit is equipped wift pC data acquisition for

control, regulation and automatic registration of
measured varues. This arkrrrs convenient evarua-
tion of the measured values.

2.4.1 lnstallation of the softwarc

o
o
o
(\I
(o
o To insert tte card, open the conrputer. Fit the pCl
c(d card in a free PCI dot and dose the computer
E
o again.
0)
li !f
oo
(u
dl
r
I}
ll E
o
I 5
6
lt
o
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o
o
I tz
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t
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o
.9
(r Ft9.2-4 ffiCafilt

Tum on fie FC-

lnsert fie G-u-trtT- irstaldbn cD.

:: :, :
-.:: i;:;:a:::a.a. tt.:...:::::a:a:1.4r;:,a::::::w/.J

2 Unit description
7
 When Windows is stafted, the card is auto-
matically detected and installed. The instal-
lation dialog then follows.
To install the software, open WINDOWS
EXPLORER and select the CD-ROM drive.

Fig.2.6 Time elaPsed

Open the subdirectory \installer\.

Run the file sefi,rp-exe ard fiClcnv he installation
instructions on screen.

2.4.2 Starting the software

Before the computer is switched on, the

experimental unit must be connected to a
power supplyl
Start Windows
After installation, the program can be opened
by selecting "Start - All Programs - G.U.N.T. -
WL 376'. From the main window that opens
up, you can use the keys (1) to open fufther
windows.

2 Unit description
 Start window

After the software is started, the main screen is

displayed. From here, you can use the
Start (1) button to reacfr the individual sub-menus.
You can use File (2) to create, load and save
measured value files. Mew (4) is used to change
the a:<is assignrnent in charts. Under Language
o (5), you can cfioose between English, German,
o
o
AI Spanish and French.
b
o
tr System diagram alhurc you to enter target temper-
(6
E
o,
atures br lhe cold ard hot plates and the material
o
j thiclarcss. lt also dsplays all data relevant to the
?o
lt process (e.9. heat flow density and thermal
I
(E
dl condrclivity).
r
l)
The swibfi for manmfy opening the solenoid valve
(,E
=
(U
(Open vatue) b abo located here.
.o
o
8
(,
2.4.4 Time elapsed
iz
j ln the Time dapsed tnenu, rneasured values can
o be recorded iruhtidtnfiy or continuously.
E
o
t
o Here, the rneasured values (temperature,
o
o
(f,
volumeticflouy and luminous intensity) are plotted
I
c,)
iE
overlime.
The Settirqs option can be used to enter the
measuring lirne ard the number of measurements.

Controller

On this unit, a software controller is completely

responsible for control operations. The controller
parameters are fixed settings. They are optimised
for all materials supplied.

j
I
I

i
I

2 Unit description
 Hazards to life and limb

ffe rofonlU pftts mrst be observed in terms of

rrcrksdety rrten rrsig trte WL
876 Thermal con-
drdidy h EEtuln,rmaS
unit:
"rp"rimental
o
o
o DAreEil T& care *rhen opening
a the
(o
o rrrt and ErErg on a, other erectricar
tr
(U cfqns" ThsB b a risk of electric
E shock.
o
o Uake sr,re lre mains connector
is discon-
(D

-o
necbd fst. frft
sfrould only be carried out
e by +ec&fst personnel.
G
d)
r
c!
E
o
f
DfilGm lbndhrcft hot surfaces
(u and
oo
!(E
ffihga Tlse b a risk of burns. Always
o
o albt tD rrtbml down first. Before chan-
t drE tre sp€EirErrq they should be allowed
4
?
o b @d ftra ftr nirrEs. Always
use gloves
E a a dilr rlten rcphig lhe specimens.
to
o
o
o)
TE

P
.9)
3.2 Hazards for equipment and
ftrncton
(E

CAITIXXU!(ep tNe usditation

stots on the
sire d tte rrft dear b
Fevent overheating
d fte rnasrirg ard conm equipment.

::' ., t: -!.:::;:aali,a:#:::#:.*?1.;.

3 Safety instructions
 4 Theoretical principles

4.1 Steady state thermal conduction

Thermal conduction is the molecular transfer

of
heat in solkJ, liquid and gaseous media under
the
influence of a ternperafure difference. permanenfly
maintaining heat transfer by supplying heat
is the
most common technical case of steady state
o
o
o
(\I
thermal conduction, e.g. in heat exchangers.
(r)
o
(!
tr
o
The quantity of heat e flows in a steady state
o
o
I)
o
(!

r
d)
o
.c}
E
o
f
(u
-o
o
.E
o
o
t.
1
?
o
E@ Outside tr
o
t
@ (E
o f:
@
E, o.
o C: E
c
.9
(E =

I
Fig.4.1 Heat transfer through a wall

through the cross-section of a solid body (Fig. a.1)

t
for time in accordance with Fourier,s Law,
whereby the cross sectional area is significantly
greater than the peripheral area.
j::] . ::::Lg::::::::!F::

4 Theoretical principtes
 The heat flor,r0 due to thermal conduction is
described by the following equation:

O = -1,'A'qq
dx
(4.1)

Here,l. is the thermal conductivity of the material

the heat is flowing through,9 is the temperature,
A = 0,046 m2 is the isothermic area and the tem-
perature q rad ient qg in frre direction of heat f low.
dx
The calculation assumes that there is only a
temperature difference in one direction and the
temperature is constant in the planes vertical to it.
The heat flow relative to lhe area is known as the
heat flow densityti:

.o
.A
O= (4.3)

Based on a material with a temperature indepen-

dent thermal conductivityof I and with the tempe-
ratures $1 and $, as lhe surface temperatures, we
obtain the following heat f,or densityci:

d = l',t,-$,) (4.4)

4.2 Thermal conductivity through a layer

Through a flat rual, eqrdion 4.1 $ves a heat flow of:

O = -l .A-t -d$
6(
(4.5)

Atacomtantcrosssection Aand dx = sthis gives:

o = r 1($,-$r) (4.6)

14 4 Theoretical principles
 +.2.1 Thermal conduction through flat rall witft multiple tayers
/,
The heatflow is the same for each layer of a wail.
' li Here:
',-4"i
lst hyec Q = !.n.0, -$r)
s

o
o Ztd hyecQ
o
N
(()
o
=
3ot*'
c(E
E
o
o
j
q)
nttlayec O = !.o.(n,
!f
sn
.ct
o
(!
dl
r Rearrarging and adding the individual layer
.ct
E equdirxls t rr€s the desired heat flow resulting
o
(=
u from lhe btal Erperature difference as follows:
-o
o
.E war,x"
@
o
"n
A A-(9, - $n*r)
(4.7)
i
1
? / a*9*
l.r L2 ".
o In
lnsulators: l" large
E
o
a
o The srrunands h fie equation (4.7) can be inter-
@
o
tr
Fig.4.2 Temperature curve for
6 a typical wall construction cfrange4 s$grilying thd frre thermal resistance of
-9
CE
a flat waf does not change if the layers are
intercfiarged-

, ::: t: :i:i:+rf,::1::=.r:.::;:ffi

4 Theoretical principles
4.3 Thermal resistance

Based on Ohm's Law, the thermal resistance is

defined as follows:

Temperatu re Difference
Thermal Resistance =
Heat Flow

This results in a thermal resistance of:

H = l^tl . K

-ln o. w
(4.8)

This applies to all three types of heat transmission.

ln the case of thermal conductivity resistance for
the single layerflatwall, the equation (4.8) gives:

R.' = t'-t'= 6
(4.e)
Q. l"A
For walls with multiple layers, the procedure is the
same as for thermal conduction. The thermal
resistance through multiple layerwalls can thus be
derived as follows:

(il.
R,n", =
*. *, i (4.10)

lf there are more than three layers, the equation is

extended with the conesponding terms.

16 4 Theoretical principles
 Didactic remarks

Use of the system in practical training

The experiments on the WL 376 are planned as

practical investigations.
The unit can be convenienty used by a small
group of 2 to 3 particiPants.

We have described and explained the suggested

experiment in detailon the following pages. They
also include the example solutions for the
experiment, which you should work through
yourself later.

We recommend that you completely perform and

evaluate these experiments once yourself as an
orientation.

This will allow you to become familiar with all the

details so you can then have the experiments
carried out on an independent basis.

For this pulpose we have prepared worksheets,

which provide the participants with instructions
and guide them systematically through the
experiment. You can Stotocopy or print out these
worksheets in the required numbers.

lf you hand out the follorirg pages about the aims

of the eleedment, preparalion and experimental
method to the participants along with the
worksheets, they will be

18 5 Experiments / lnstructor
 r

# b pefum ad emluate the experiments

corffif neorerUy.
Yqr orr fd lE rulsheets in the Participants
sffil
plfmitg hdependent experiments,
BGilorB
o
o irhrf X prfilrfs h fte technology (safety
o
N
(o
o
n*fcs rd qrain of the unit.
E
(!
E
o
o IYe tnD H te necessary theoretical
d ac
j
o ptnib lm Et doall with prior to performi ng
!f
_o
c(u
dt
tuqturs
r-o
E
o
(!
Aim of erPaH
.cl
o
!6

o
o
t.
The *n d lr ryeilrf b to determine and
1
l
cornpflB te trnrnd stdttctivity l"of various
CJ materials (irculators) and plastics used in
E
0)
to enfisiUt
o
o
E
u,
-c
o)
iE

I
i
i

5 Experiments / lnstructor 19
 Preparations for experiment

1- Pressing spindle Rear of unit

z- Hot plate - Mains suppty
3- Pressing pressure control lamP - PC interlace
4 Heater control lamp - Cooling water inlet and outlet
5- Mains switch ON/OFF
6- Heater ON/OFF
7- Cold plate
8- Heat flow sensor
9- Cooler
10- Chamber for specimens

Fig. 5.1 View of WL 376 unit

5 Experiments / lnstructor
 t
;

l:--::: ,',- 3-e to PC using the PC

.'2*i:e :re: : a^i trjrn On the PC'
--E r'r - i-: s ::":rclled from a PC' The PC
srr:rrr: :,: :--e: :r- cefore the unit itSelf and
I€ Slirtrn': S=i3i
q;- *,: i,l,rrr a:ar':X 1-2 l/min)
*
tr :r:": --ar -':l .lsing the mains switch (5)
o
o
o
l,:+- :: ::::-; :^arnber bY unscrewing the
ol
(o
o
t *:-*e: 3l-3rrs a-c removing the cover
E
6
E
-sei :. 3[s: -e^ in the testing chamber
0)
o 3 :-: : r ri s;e': nen in place by lowering
J
0)
t=
:€ -€a:-; : 3:s 2 lntilthe control lamp (3)
o _F- i
(s
dl
r ^- -..*E '3i'- --- :-a'.Der with the cover
--5r,.=.=:-
E
o
=
(g
Se: :-. :z'-a':' :l'€ soecimen and the
-o
0)
:d se::,, -: ::-:€'a:-'as 'sing the software
o
o
s* se:::,- : 32 Er:ermental method)
t - - ^,r + - F'-z'=':- ::e base unit using the
1
?
a f'ea:-l S*rr'iJ: a
!
o)

o
o
o
E
a
t
.9'
tr

5 ExPeriments / lnstructor

r-..-]r:ff
 Recording the coefficient of thermal conductivity

Aim

Recording the coefficient of thermal conductivity

for different materials (cork, plaster, POM etc.)

5.3.2 Experimental method

The experiment is based on the

o
o
o
N
DIN 52616 and DIN 52612 standards for "Determi-
(o
o nation of the thermal conductivity using heat flow
c(U
E
plate equipmenf.
o
o Read section 52 "Preparations for experiment"
o)
!
!f before oornmencing the experiment.
-o
o
(!
d] Temperaturc selection:
-
l) The cooling temperature cannot be lower than the
E
o cold water temperature. To allow good control
f
(U
-o
o)
.E
behaviour, the cooling temperature should be
o
o around 10'C higher than the cold water tempera-
tz ture. A large temperature difference between the
j
o cold and hot plates increases the measuring
oo accuracy. However, particularly for plastics the
o
o temperature of the hot plate should not exceed
o
E
o 80"C, to prevent deformation or destruction of the
E
.9 specimen.
tr

The setpoints forthe cold and hot plate temperatu-

res can be entered in the software. lf the ambient
conditions vary, the temperatures must also be
adjusted so that the temperature difference
remains almost constant.
The heater can provide a maximum temperature
of 150'C. However, this temperature is not
required for any of the experiments. To protect the
specimen material and ensure a long seruice life,
the heating temperature should be set in the range
i
40-80"C and the cooling temperature in the range
10-40"C. However, you should always bear in

5 Experiments / lnstructor 23
 ,ffi '![ t"'
'(trti::1v.t:,t?:..

,ff:al,i+,

mind the fact that a high temperatu re

difference
between the cold and hot plates results
in
increased accuracy.

Forthis experiment, one of the g plates

supplied is
placed in the unit. After tuming
on the heater (6),
the heating plate heats up.
The temperature increase can be monitored
in the
software. For a clearer representation, you
should
switch to the Time elapsed window (Fig.
5.2).
To record the curve, the number of measured
values and the measuring time can
be selected
under Settings in the Time elapsed window.
These
are then saved to a file in the folder
GUNT.
L
ln order to be able to record the measured
values,
you must wait until a steady state
has been estab-
I lished, which can take between 60 and
120
i minutes. The diagram shows the steady
) state after
the settling phase, which is characterised
I by a
i
Fig.52 Time elapsed exampte slight overshoot.
The theoretical values can be found in
I
the
Appendix under Tecfrnical data.

24
5 Experiments / lnstructor
r
I

Measured values

The neasured values displayed after a stead;

state b reached are entered in the table. These tlil
differ depending on the materia!. This experiment
has been performed forthe cork plate.

lulaHiat
I

@RK
T1 50 oc
o
6
o
N
@ T2 23 oc
o
c6
E W
o q 238.5
o
j
m,
o

o
K
(g R 2.4514
o W
E
!)
E
o W
T 0.053i!
6
lt
m.K
@
!a5
o W
o
t
I* 0.04 - 0.06 m.K
1
?
o AT* 17.6 K
E
o,
to d 6 mm
at,
o
tr
o
-c
o)
E

Evaluation

The value achieved for the thermal conductivity l.

in the eleeriment corresponds closely to that
stated in the literature. ln general, greater
variations between the measurement and the
literature can occur. This can be attributed to the
individual cordition of the specimen. This is the
area of application of a thermal cond uction measu-
ring device. This can be used to determine the
actual thermal conductivity value of an individual
material.

5 Experiments / lnstructor
 IE
Preparations for experiment

o
o
o
(\I
o
c(U
E
o
o
j
o
lt
I(,
m
r
l)
E
o
(=
d
l)
g
.E
o
o
t
1
l
o
E
o
Io
o
o
fE,l._
at Pressing spindle Rear of unit
5
(E
2- Hot plate - Mains supply
6
Pressing pressure control lamp - PC interface
4- Heater control lamp - Cooling water inlet and outlet
5- Mains switch ON/OFF
6- Heater ON/OFF
7- Cold plate
8- Heat flow sensor
o- Cooler
10- Chamber for specimens

Fig. 6.1 View of WL 376 unit

6 Worksheets for padicipants

ffi
Connect WL 376 to pC using the pC
interface cable and turn on the pC.
The WL 376 is controlled from a pC. The pC
should be turned on before the unit itself and
the software started.
Set the flow (approx. 1-2|lmin)
Tum on the main unit using the mains switch (5)

Open the testing chamber by unscrewing the

4 knurled screws and removing the cover
lnsert the specimen in the testing chamber
(9) and fix the specimen in place by lowering
the heating ptate (2) untitthe control lamp (3)
lights up
Close the testing chamber with the cover
Set the data for the specimen and the
setpoint temperatures using the software
(see section 5.3.2 Experimental method)
Turn on the heater on the base unit using the
heating switch (6)

ty
s

D:<l?-r:::\ r=14::i.l

6 Worksheets for participants

 Recording the coefficient of thermal conductivity

Aim

Comparison ol coefficients of thermal conductivity

for different rnaterials (cork, plaster, POM etc.)

6.3.2 Experimental method

o
o
o
(\t
b
o
c
6
Red stbn 52 'Prcpaatirns for experiment"
E
6)
be(ore oommencing the erperiment.
o
o
.o
o Forthis experimenl me o{ the 8 plates supplied is
d
c0
placed in the unil Afur trning on the heater (6),
Io
E the heating plate starts to heat up.
o
=
(u
-o
The temperature increase can be monitored in the
o
:(6
()
software. For a dearer representation, you should
o
switch to the Time dapsed window (Fig. 6.2).
t
4
? To record the curye, the number of measured
o
1'
o
values and the rneasuring time can be selected
t
C) under Settings in the Time elapsed window. These
o
o
(E
o
are then saved to a file in the folder \Program
5ED
Files\GUNT,
tt
ln order to be able to record the measured values,
you must wait until a steady state has been
Fig.6.2 Time elapsed example
established, which can take between 60 and 120
minutes. The diagram shows the steady state after
the setiling phase, which is characterised by a
slight overshoot.

The theoretical values can be found in the

Appendix under Technical data.

6 Worksheets for participants

 Measured values

The measured values displayed after a steady

state is reached are entered in the table. These will
differ depending on the material.

Material:

T1 oc

T2 oc

W
q
m'
K
R
W
W
l.
m.K
W
ITheoretisctr
m.K
AT* K

d mm

Evaluation

Which material provides the best insulation

etfect?
How does the thermal conductivity affect the
energy balances?

6 Worksheets for pafticipants

 7 Appendix

7.1 Technical data

Dimensirr d -IlrhlFt rrrit:

Weight approx.50 kg
Height 806 mm
widrh: 750 mm
o
o Depth: 580 mm
o
N
6
o
c(U
E
Dimenskros d :pccl:n ffier:
o
o

o)
Specimen st rhr 300 x 300 mm
.o Area of Transnissin A = 0,046 m2
o
rd
d) Height: max. 50 mm
I
o
E
o
l
6
.c}
o
Silicon heating nt*
,E
o Power: 500 Watt
o
tz Temperature: max. 170 "C
j
o
E
o
t
o
Tem peratu re npasurqnent
o
q)
CE Thermocouple, type Pt 10O
o
-c
o)
iE

Sensor plate:
Temperature range: -20 - 95 "c
Calibration factot: 1 mV = approx. 3 Wm2
Heat flow: min. 20 Wm2
max.500 Wm2
Cooling:
Water temperature: 10-15'C
Water volume: 1,2 !/min
Water pressure: 1 -6 bar

:.r ir!:=r; i,,ri:;i ir;:riii:;:::::

7 Appendix 33
Specimens:
Material: \ Armaflex
Coefficient of thermal conductivity I:
0.036 - 0.O40Y*K
Dimensions: 300x300 mm
Thickness 6: 19 mm

Material: Chipboard
Coetficient of thermal conductivity l.:
0.17Y^K
Dimensions: 300x300 mm
Thickness 6: 13 mm

Material: \ PMMA
Coefficient of thermal conductivity l.:
0.19Y^K
Dimensions: 300x300 mm
Thickness 6: 20 mm

Material: \ Styrofoam
Coefficient of thermal conductivity l.:
0.030 - o.040Y^r
Dimensions: 300x300 mm
Thickness 6: 5mm

Material: pS
Coefficient of thermal conductivity l.: ductivity
0.15 - O.4*/^* fterials
Dimensions: 300x300 mm
Thickness 6: 10 mm

7 Appendix
 Material: \ POM

Coefftci€nt of thermal conductivity X:

0.23 - 0.37 Y^K
Dinensbns: 300x300 mm
Thilarcss6: 26 mm

Matedal: \ Cork
o
o Coeffident of thernal conductivity l":
o
N
(o 0.04 - o.o6Y^K
o
c6 Dirnensions: 300x300 mm
E
@
o ThkJmess6: 6mm
(I)
ta
oo
d
c0
Material: Plaster
ro Coefficient of therml conductivity ),:
E
o 0.21Y^K
=
6
-o
o
!(U Dimensions: 300x300 mm
o
o Thic*ness6: 9mm
t
1
?
o
oo Power supPlY
P
o
o
o Voltage: 230Vl50Hz,1Ph
CE
o
E
o)
Optional altematives, see rating plate
i=
Fuse: 6.3 A

Water connection
Outlet or floor drain

7 Appendix
References

Walter Wagner, Wdrme0bertragung [Heat trans-

missionl, Vogel Fachbuch / Kamprath-Reihe, 4.,
Revised edition. Wurzburg 1993

Gunter Cerbe, Hans-Joachim Hoffmann,

Einftihrung in die Wdrmelehre flntroduction to
thermodynamicsl, Carl Hanser Verlag, 9.,
lmproved edition, Munich, Vienna 1gg0

7 Appendix
 lndex

A
Appendir ...33-37
Area. .....14
c
Commissitxitg ...5
Conducilirxt ......1
Convectirn .......1
o E
o
o
N Equipmentryuil- ...... 3
b
o
c(n
ExperimenB .17 -25
H
E
o
o Handling ...5
o Hazardstolifeandlrb ......11
-o
I(! Heatflow ..14
d) Heatflowderxfty ......14
r
l) Heattransfer..-- ...1,13
E
o
f
(U
oo
,E
lsothermicarea. ......14
o
o
tz Multiplelayers ...15
j R
o
E
o
t
o
att
@ S
CE
o Safetyinstructions .....11
-c
.9
E Steadystatethermalcondrction... ...... 13
T
Technicaldata. ..33
Temperaturedifference... ...'t3
Temperaturegradient.... ...14
Theoretical principles ....13-16
Thermal conductivity ...14
Totaltemperaturedifference ..15
Unitdescription. .....3-9
w
Worksafety .....11

7 Appendix 37