ENDRESS AND HAUSER ( P AND I DAIGRAM)

NAME: SHRAVANI DIPAK BHOSALE

MIS:612210029

BRANCH:MECHANICAL

DIV:1

ENDRESS AND HAUSER (P AND N DAIGRAM)

Working of the System

1. Fluid Storage and Initial Setup in Balance Tank (T101)
• Balance Tank (T101): This 250-liter tank acts as the main storage for the fluid that
will be circulated throughout the system.
• Sensors in the Tank:
o Level Sensors (LSH and LSL): The High Level Sensor (LSH) and Low Level
Sensor (LSL) monitor the fluid level inside the tank. These sensors trigger
alarms or activate the feed/drain pump (P102) if the fluid reaches
dangerously high or low levels.
ENDRESS AND HAUSER ( P AND I DAIGRAM)

o Temperature and Pressure Sensors (TE01 and PT01): These sensors measure
the temperature and pressure inside the tank to ensure it stays within safe
operating limits. If the temperature or pressure goes out of range,
adjustments can be made by the control system.
2. Fluid Circulation through the System
• Circulation Pump (P101): The system’s circulation pump (P101) draws fluid from the
balance tank (T101) and sends it through the various pipes, sensors, and control
points.
• The circulation pump keeps fluid moving throughout the system to maintain even
temperature, pressure, and chemical properties.
3. Flow through Monitoring and Control Points
• Pressure and Temperature Indicators (PT01, TT02, TT03): As the fluid flows through
the system, it passes multiple monitoring points where pressure (PT01) and
temperature (TT02, TT03) are measured. This helps ensure that process conditions
stay within the designed parameters. These indicators send real-time data to the
control panel (RSG 45).
• Ball Valves (X1, X2, etc.): These are manually operated valves used to isolate sections
of the system for maintenance or flow adjustment. Operators can close these valves
to halt fluid flow in specific parts of the system if needed.
4. Fluid Inspection and Chemical Monitoring in Acrylic Glass Unit (A101)
• Acrylic Glass Unit (A101): This unit allows operators to inspect the fluid visually and
also has additional monitoring devices:
o pH and Conductivity Meters (pH, CO): These sensors measure the fluid’s pH
level and conductivity, providing data on chemical properties that are
essential for quality control.
o Additional Quality Sensors (QE01, QE02, QE03, QE04): These sensors are
likely designed to monitor other environmental and chemical properties,
depending on the application. For instance, they could detect impurities,
check turbidity, or measure other specific chemical properties.
• If any of the readings from these sensors deviate from desired values, an alarm may
trigger on the control panel (RSG 45), and corrective actions can be taken.
5. Control Panel (RSG 45) for Central Monitoring and Adjustments
• The Control Panel (RSG 45) serves as the command center for the entire system. It
collects data from all the sensors (temperature, pressure, level, pH, conductivity, etc.)
and displays it for operators.
• The control panel likely has switches to control pumps, adjust flow rates, and activate
alarms. If the system parameters deviate from the set limits, the control panel will
ENDRESS AND HAUSER ( P AND I DAIGRAM)

alert operators to take corrective measures, such as adjusting the flow rate, adding
chemicals, or stopping circulation.
6. Fluid Addition or Draining with Feed/Drain Pump (P102)
• The Feed/Drain Pump (P102) is used to add or remove fluid from the balance tank
(T101).
• Automatic Control with Level Sensors (LSH and LSL): If the fluid level is too low
(detected by LSL) or too high (detected by LSH), the system can automatically start
the feed/drain pump (P102) to adjust the level back to normal. This feature helps
maintain a stable fluid level and prevents overflow or tank depletion.
7. Flow Regulation with Valves
• Butterfly and Non-Return Valves:
o Butterfly Valve is used for flow regulation. It can be partially or fully
opened/closed to control the amount of fluid passing through.
o Non-Return Valve (D) allows fluid to flow in only one direction, preventing
backflow that could disturb the balance tank or other sections.
• Concentric and Eccentric Reducers: These reducers adjust the pipe diameter in the
system to control flow speed and pressure. Concentric reducers maintain symmetry,
while eccentric reducers offset the flow path, which can help prevent air bubbles in
certain situations.
8. Safety and Emergency Features
• The system is designed with several layers of safety to prevent malfunctions:
o Level Sensors (LSL and LSH) provide automatic shutdowns or alarms if fluid
levels reach critical limits.
o Control Panel Alerts: If the system detects unsafe temperature, pressure, or
pH levels, the control panel alerts operators to take immediate action.
o Manual Valves and Isolations: Ball valves and butterfly valves allow manual
isolation of sections for maintenance or emergency purposes.
9. System Shutdown and Maintenance
• When the system needs to be shut down (for maintenance or safety), operators can
close the ball valves to stop fluid flow, power off pumps, and drain the balance tank if
required.
• During maintenance, sensors are recalibrated, pumps and valves are inspected, and
any worn components are replaced to keep the system functioning reliably.
ENDRESS AND HAUSER ( P AND I DAIGRAM)

1. Ball Valve
• Purpose: Ball valves are used for quick shut-off or isolation of flow in a system. They
are highly effective for applications that require a full flow or a complete shut-off.
• Technical Specifications:
o Body Material: Stainless Steel, Brass, or PVC (depending on fluid
compatibility)
o Size Range: Typically from ¼ inch to 4 inches (could vary based on system
needs)
o Pressure Rating: Up to 1000 psi for standard stainless steel; higher pressure
ratings are available in industrial-grade models.
o Temperature Range: -20°C to 250°C (depending on material)
o Seal Material: PTFE (Teflon) or other compatible seals
o End Connections: Threaded (NPT/BSP), flanged, or welded
o Operation: Manual or automated (pneumatic/electric actuator)
o Flow Coefficient (Cv): Determined based on size, generally high as they
provide a full-bore path when open.
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2. Butterfly Valve
• Purpose: Butterfly valves are used for flow regulation, typically for large pipes where
space is constrained. They offer quick open/close functionality with moderate control
over flow rate.
• Technical Specifications:
o Body Material: Cast Iron, Stainless Steel, or PVC (based on fluid properties)
o Size Range: Generally from 2 inches to 24 inches or more in industrial
applications
o Pressure Rating: Up to 300 psi for standard models, but higher-rated models
exist
o Temperature Range: -10°C to 200°C (depending on material)
o Disc Material: Stainless Steel or PVC (often same as body material)
o Seat Material: EPDM, NBR, or PTFE, which determines chemical resistance
o End Connections: Lug, wafer, or flanged type
o Operation: Manual lever, gear, pneumatic, or electric actuator
o Flow Characteristics: Moderate control over flow, suitable for throttling at 30-
80% open positions

3. Non-Return Valve (Check Valve)

• Purpose: Non-return or check valves allow fluid to flow in only one direction,
preventing backflow which can cause issues in the system, like contamination or
pressure surges.
• Technical Specifications:
o Body Material: Stainless Steel, Bronze, or PVC
o Size Range: Typically ½ inch to 4 inches (larger sizes available for high-flow
applications)
o Pressure Rating: Up to 200 psi (depending on material and model)
o Temperature Range: -10°C to 150°C (depends on material)
o Seal Material: Rubber (NBR or EPDM) or PTFE
o Types: Swing Check, Lift Check, or Spring-Loaded Check
o End Connections: Threaded, flanged, or wafer style
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o Flow Direction: Arrow marking on valve body for installation orientation

o Closing Speed: Varies with type, but faster closing speeds reduce water
hammer effects in pipelines

4. Sight Glass
• Purpose: Sight glasses are used to visually inspect the flow and condition of fluid in
the system.
• Technical Specifications:
o Body Material: Stainless Steel or Brass
o Window Material: Tempered glass, borosilicate, or acrylic for chemical
resistance
o Size Range: ½ inch to 6 inches (depends on pipe size and viewing
requirements)
o Pressure Rating: Up to 150 psi, with high-pressure versions available
o Temperature Range: -20°C to 200°C
o End Connections: Threaded or flanged
o Flow Direction: Typically bi-directional, as it does not impact flow directly
o Additional Features: LED lighting options for low-visibility environments;
some models include integrated wipers for cleaning the glass

5. Concentric Reducer
• Purpose: Concentric reducers are used to gradually change pipe diameter while
maintaining the centerline. They are commonly used in vertical piping where
symmetrical flow is needed.
• Technical Specifications:
o Material: Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, PVC, or other suitable materials
o Size Range: Typically varies based on connected pipes, e.g., 2 inches to 1 inch,
etc.
o Pressure Rating: Based on pipe class and material (e.g., Class 150 or Class
300)
o Temperature Range: -20°C to 200°C (depends on material)
o End Connections: Welded, flanged, or threaded depending on piping setup
ENDRESS AND HAUSER ( P AND I DAIGRAM)

o Applications: Useful in piping networks where fluid velocity needs gradual

adjustment to maintain laminar flow.

6. Eccentric Reducer
• Purpose: Eccentric reducers are used to transition between pipe sizes where it is
essential to prevent air pockets (especially in horizontal pipes).
• Technical Specifications:
o Material: Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, PVC, or other suitable materials
o Size Range: Typically varies with pipe sizes, e.g., 4 inches to 2 inches
o Pressure Rating: Dependent on pipe class, often up to 300 psi for standard
use
o Temperature Range: -20°C to 200°C (depending on material)
o End Connections: Welded, flanged, or threaded
o Applications: Commonly installed with the flat side on top to avoid trapping
air pockets in the pipe system

Additional Notes on Specifications

Each valve and fitting in this diagram plays a critical role in ensuring the system's operational
efficiency and safety. The materials and specifications vary based on factors such as:
• Fluid Compatibility: Choosing materials that resist corrosion or chemical reactions
with the fluid.
• Operating Pressure and Temperature: Ensuring valves and reducers can handle the
maximum pressure and temperature expected in the system.
• Flow Control Needs: Valves like ball and butterfly valves offer different levels of
control, with butterfly valves being more suited for throttling.
• Installation Requirements: Depending on installation space and orientation,
eccentric or concentric reducers are chosen.