SRI CHAITANYA EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,INDIA.

SR PHYSICS I.P.E
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8 MARKS)
WAVES
***1. What is Doppler effect? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound heard
when the source is in motion with respect to an observer at rest?
***2. Explain the formation of stationary wave in an air column enclosed in open pipe. Derive the
equations for the frequencies of the harmonics produced?
***3. How are stationary waves formed in closed pipes? Explain the various modes of vibrations
and obtain relations for their frequencies?
***4. Explain the formation of stationary waves in stretched strings and hence deduce the laws of
transverse waves in stretched string?
***5. What is Doppler shift? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound heard when
the observer is in motion with respect to a source at rest?
(PROBLEMS)
1. A steel wire 0.72m long has a mass of 5.0 103 kg . If the wire is under a tension of 60N,
what is the speed of transverse waves on the wire?
2. A closed organ pipe 70cm long is sounded. If the velocity of sound is 331m/s, what is the
fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column?
3. A pipe 30cm long is open at both ends. Find the fundamental frequency. Velocity of sound
in air is 330 ms 1 .

4. A rocket is moving at a speed of 200 ms 1 towards a stationary target. While moving, it

emits a wave of frequency 1000 Hz. Calculate.
(1) the frequency of the sound as directed by the target
5. A open organ pipe 85 cm long is sound. If the velocity of sound is 340 m/s. What is the
fundamental frequency of vibration of the air column?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
***1. Define critical angle. Explain total internal reflection using a neat diagram?
***2. Explain the formation of a rainbow?
***3. With a neat labelled diagram explain the formation of image in a simple microscope?
***4. Explain the formation of a mirage?
***5. Why does the setting sun appear red?
***6. Define focal length of a concave mirror. Prove that the radius of curvature of a concave
mirror is double its focal length?
PROBLEMS
1. A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm is placed at a distance 35 cm from a wall. How far
from the wall should an object be placed so that its real image is formed on the wall?

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2. A concave mirror produces an image of a long vertical pin, placed 40 cm from the mirror, at
the position of the object. Find the focal length of the mirror.
3. A light wave of frequency 4 1014 Hz and a wavelength of 5 107 m passes through a
medium. Estimate the refractive index of the medium.
4. Two lenses of power – 1.75D and +2.25D respectively, are placed in contact. Calculate the
focal length of the combination.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
WAVE OPTICS
***1. Explain Doppler effect in light. Distinguish between shift and blue shift?
***2. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point where interference of light occurs. Arrive at
conditions for maximum and zero intensity.
***3. Does the principle of conservation of energy hold for interference and diffraction
phenomena? Explain briefly?
***4. How do you determine the resolving power of your eye?
***5. Explain polarisation of light by reflection and arrive at Brewster’s law from it.
***6. Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a polaroid sheet is rotated between two
crossed polaroids?
***7. What is total internal reflection. Explain the phenomenon using Huygens principle?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
ELECTRIC CHARGES & FIELDS
***1. Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of
an electric dipole.
***2. Derive an expression for the intensity of electric field at a point on the axial line of a dipole.
***3. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law in electricity.
***4. Define intensity of electric field at a point. Derive an expression for the intensity due to a
point charge.
***5. State Gauss’s law in electrostatics and its importance.
***6. Derive an equation for the couple acting on a electric dipole in a uniform electric field
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
***1. Explain series and parallel combination of capacitors Derive the formula for equivalent
capacitance in each combination
***2. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor what is the energy stored when the
space between the plates is filled with a dielectric
(a) With charging battery disconnected (b) with charging battery connected in the circuit.
***3. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
***4. Derive an expression for the electric potential due to point charge.
**5. Derive expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric
field.
**6. Explain behaviour of dielectrics in an electric field.
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 PROBLEMS
1. Three capacitors each of capacitance 9pF are connected in series.
(a) What is the total capacitance of the combination?
(b) What is the potential difference across each capacitor if the combination is connected to a
120V supply?
2. Three capacitors of capacitances 2pF,3pF and 4pF are connected in parallel
(a) What is the total capacitance of the combination?
(b) Determine the charge on each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 100V
supply.
3. A 12pF capacitor is connected to a 50V battery. How much electrostatic energy is stored in
the capacitor?
4. Three capacitors of capacitances 1 F , 2  F and 3 F are connected in parallel
(a) what is the ratio of charges? (b) What is the ratio of potential differences?
5. Three capacitors of capacitances 1 F , 2  F and 3 F are connected in series
(a) what is the ratio of charges? (b) What is the ratio of potential differences?
6. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel plat capacitor if the area of its plates is
doubled.
7. The dielectric strength of air is 3 106V / m at certain pressure, a parallel plate capacitor with
air in between the plates has a plate separation of 1 cm. Can you charge the capacitor to
3  106V
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8M)
***1. State Kirchhoff’s laws for electrical network. Using these laws deduce the condition for
balancing in a Wheatstone bridge.
***2. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram how the
potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of the given primary cell.
***3. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram. How
the emf of two primary cells are compared by using the potentiometer
**4. Derive an expression for the effective resistance when three resistors are connected in
(i)series (ii) parallel
PROBLEMS
**1. A battery of emf 10V and internal resistance 3 , is connected to a resistor ‘R’.
(i) If the current in the circuit is 0.5A. Calculate the value of ‘R’?
(ii) What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed.
R
**2. Three identical resistors are connected in parallel and the total resistance of the circuit is .
3
Find the value of each resistance.
*3. Three resistors each of resistance 10 ohm are connected in turn to obtain
(i) Minimum resistance

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 (ii) Maximum resistance
Compute:
(a) The effective resistance in each case
(b) the ratio of minimum to maximum resistance so obtained
4. A wire of resistance 4R is bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective resistance
between the ends of the diameter?
5. A potentiometer wire is 5 m long and a potential difference of 6V is maintained between its
ends. Find the emf of a cell which balances against a length of 180 cm of the potentiometer
wire.
MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8M)
***1. Obtain an expression for the torque on a current carrying loop placed in a uniform magnetic
field. Describe the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer
**2. Derive an expression for the force acting between two parallel current carrying conductors
and hence define the Ampere.
***3. State and explain Biot-Savart law.
***4. State and explain Ampere’s law.
***5. What are the basic components of cyclotron? Mention its uses?
***6. Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron?
***7. Derive an expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current carrying
circular coil using Biot-Savart law?
***8. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at the centre of a current carrying circular
coil using Biot-Savart law?
**9. Find the magnetic induction intensity B due to a long current carrying conductor?
**10. Obtain an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of a current loop?
**11. Explain how crossed E and B fields serve as a velocity selector?

PROBLEM
1. A current of 10A passes through two very long wires held parallel to each other and
separated by a distance of 1m. What is the force per unit length between them?
2. A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns, each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current of 0.40
A. What is magnitude of the magnetic field B at the centre of the coil?
3. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm carries a current of 3.2A
(a) What is the field at the centre of the coil? (b) What is the magnetic moment of this coil?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter?
2. What is the principle of a moving coil galvanometer?
3. How do you convert a moving coil galvanometer into an ammeter?
4. How do you convert a moving coil galvanometer into a voltmeter?
5. What is the importance of Oersted’s experiment?
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6. State Ampere’s law and Biot –savart’s law.
7. A circular coil of radius ‘r’ having ‘N’ turns carries a current ‘i’. What is its magnetic
moment?
8. What is the force on a charged particle of charge ‘q’ moving with a velocity ‘V’ in a uniform
magnetic field of induction B? When does it become maximum?
9. What is the force on a conductor of length ‘L’ carrying current ‘i’ placed in a magnetic field
of induction B? When does it become maximum?
10. What is the relation between the permittivity of free space  0 , the permeability of free space
0 and the speed of light in vacuum?
MAGNETISM AND MATTER
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
**1. Obtain Gauss law for magnetism and explain it.
***2. How do you distinguish Dia, Para and Ferromagnetisms in matter?
PROBLEM
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. A bar magnet of length 0.1m and with a magnetic moment of 5 Am2 is placed in a uniform
magnetic field of intensity 0.4T with its axis making an angle of 60 with the field. What is
the torque on the magnet?
2. In the magnetic meridian of a certain place, the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
field is 0.26G and the dip angle is 60 . What is the magnetic field of the earth at this
location?
3. Define magnetic declination.
4. Classify the following materials with regard to magnetism:
i) Manganese, ii) Cobalt, iii) Nickel iv) Bismuth v)Oxygen vi) Copper
5. What are the units of Magnetic moment, Magnetic induction and Magnetic field?
6. Define magnetic inclination (or) angle of dip.
7. What direction compass needle points at poles? Which needle to be used at poles?
8. Magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops. Why?
9. What do you understand by the “magnetization” of a sample?
10. Define Magnetic susceptibility? Mention its unit.
11. What is the magnetic moment associated with a solenoid?
12. State Gauss law for Magnetisum?
ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8M)
*1. Describe the working of a AC generator with the aid of a simple diagram and necessary
expressions.

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 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a conductor which is moved in a uniform
magnetic field which is perpendicular to the plane of motion.
***2. Describe the ways in which Eddy currents are used to advantage.
***3. Obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids.
**4. Obtain an expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid in terms of the magnetic
field, area and length of the solenoid.
PROBLEM
1. The current in a circuit falls from 5A to 0A in 0.1s. If an average emf of 200V is induced,
give an estimate of the self inductance of the circuit.
2. The current in a coil changes from 5Amp to 10Amp in 102 sec then an emf of 50 milli volts
is induced in a coil near it. Calculate the mutual inductance of coil.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. State Lenz’s law.
2. What are eddy currents?
ALTERNATING CURRENT
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1. State the principle on which a transformer works. Describe the working of a transformer
with necessary theory.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. What is the phenomenon involved in the working of a transformer?
2. What is the phase different between AC emf and current in the following: Pure resistor, pure
inductor and pure capacitor.
3. A transformer converts 200V ac into 2000 V ac. Calculate the number of turns in the
secondary if the primary has 10 turns.
4. Write the expression for the reactance of (i) an inductor (ii) a capacitor
5. What is meant by wattles component of current?
6. What type of transformer is used in a 6V bed lamp ?
7. What is transformer ratio?
8. Define power factor. On which factors does power factor depends?
9. What is the phase difference between voltage and current when the power factor in LCR
series circuit is unity?
10. When does a LCR series circuit have minimum impedance?
11. The primary of transformer with primary to secondary turns ratio 1:2 is connected to
secondary alternating voltage 200V. A current of 4A is flowing through the primary coil.
Find the secondary voltage and current are respectively?

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 ELECTROMANETIC WAVES
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. If the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is doubled what happens to the energy of
photon?
2. Micro waves are used in Radars why?
3. What are the applications of micro waves ?
4. How are Microwaves produced?
5. What is the principle of production of electromagnetic waves?
6. What is the ratio of speed of infrared rays and ultraviolet rays in vacuum?
7. What is the relation between the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields in free space
for an electromagnetic wave?
8. Give two uses of infrared rays? Which animal can detect infrared waves?
9. The charging current for a capacitor is 0.6A. What is the displacement current across its
plates?
10. What is the average wave length of x-rays.
11. How are infra red rays produced? How can be detected
12. How are radio waves produced? How can they detected
13. How are microwaves produced? How can they detected

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
*1. What is the debroglie wavelength of a ball of mass 0.12 kg moving with a speed of 20ms 1 ?
What can we infer from this result?
2. What are “cathode rays”?
3. What is ‘Work function’?
4. What is “Photo electric effect”?
5. Give examples of “Photosensitive substances” why they are called so?
6. Write down Einstein’s photo electric equation.
7. Write down DeBroglie’s relation and explain the terms there in.
8. State Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle?
9. An electron, an  particle and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which of these
particles has the shortest De Broglie wavelength ?
10. What important fact did Millikan’s experiment establish?
11. Show that the wavelength of electro magnetic radiation is equal to the Debroglie wavelength
of its quantum.
12. An electron, an   particle and a proton have some kinetic energy. Which of these has the
shorter de Broglie wave length.

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 PROBLEMS
1. The work function of Caesium metal is 2.14eV. When light of frequency 6 1014 Hz is
incident on the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What is the
a)Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.
b)Stopping potential, and
c) Maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons?
ATOMS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1.What are the limitations of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom?
***2. Explain the different types of spectral series.
***3. Describe Rutherford atom model. What are the drawbacks of this model?
***4. Derive an expression for potential and kinetic energy of an electron in any orbit of a
hydrogen atom according to Bohr’s atomic model.
***5. State the basic postulates of Bohr’s theory of atomic spectra.
***6. What is impact parameter and angle of scattering? How are they related to each other.
***7. Explain the distance of closest approach and impact parameter.
8. The wavelength of the first member of lyman series is 1216 A calculate the wavelength of
second member of Balmer series.
9. The wavelength of first member of Balmer series is 6563A calculate the wavelength of
second member of lyman series
10. The second member of lyman series in hydrogen spectrum has wave length spectrum has
wave length 5400 A Find the wavelength of first member.
NUCLEI
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (8M)
***1. Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram.
***2. What is radioactivity? State the law of radioactive decay. Show that radioactive decay is
Exponential in nature.
**3. Explain the source of stellar energy. Explain the carbon –nitrogen cycle, proton – proton
cycle occurring in stars.
***4. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
***5. Define half life period and decay constant for a radioactive substance. Deduce the relation
between them.
***6. Define average life of a radioactive substance. Obtain the relation between decay constant
and average life.
***7. What are the properties of a neutron?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
PROBLEM
1. The halflife of radium is 1600 years. How much time does 1 g of radium take to reduce to
0.125g.

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2. How much 235U is consumed in a day in an atomic power house operating at 400 MW,
provided the whole of mass 235U is converted into energy?
3. The half-life period of a radioactive substance is 20 days. What is the time taken for 7/8th of
its original mass to disintegrate?
235
4. If one microgram of 92 U is completely destroyed in an atom bomb, how much energy will
be released?
5. Plutonium decay with a half life of 2400 years. If plutonium is stored for 72000 years what
fraction of it remains.
1
6. A certain substance decay to of its initial activity in 25 days. Calculate its half life.
32
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. What are thermal neutrons? What is their importance?
2. What is the function of moderators in a nuclear reactor?
SEMI CONDUCTOR ELECTRONS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (4M)
***1. What is rectifier? Explain the working of half wave and full wave rectifiers with diagrams.
***2. What is Zener diode? Explain how it is used as voltage regulator?
***3. Describe a transistor and explain its working.
**4. Sketch a basic AND circuit with two diodes and explain its operation. Explain how doping
increases the conductivity in semiconductors?
*5. Draw OR gate using two diodes and explain its operation. Write the truth table and logic
symbol of OR gate.
***6. Describe how a semi conductor diode is used as a half wave rectifier.
***7. What is rectification? Explain the working of a full wave rectifier.
***8. What are n-type and p-type semiconductors? How is a semiconductor junction formed?
**9. Distinguish between zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.
**10. Distinguish between half-wave and full – wave rectifiers.
**11. Explain the working of LED and what are its advantages over conventional incandescent low
power lamps.
**12. Explain the working of a solar cell and draw its I-V characteristics.
**13. Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth tables.
**14. Explain the operation of a NOT gate and give its truth table.
**15. Explain the different transistor configurations with diagrams.
*16. Explain hole conduction in Intrinsic Semiconductors?
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. What is an n-type semiconductor? What are the majority and minority charge carriers in it?
2. What are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
3. What is a p-type semiconductor? What are the majority and minority charge carries in it?
4. What is a p-n junction diode? Define depletion layer.
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5. How is a battery connected to a junction diode in
(i) forward and (ii) reverse bias
6. Draw the circuit symbols for p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.
7. In which bias can a Zener diode be used as voltage regulator?
8. Which gates are called universal gates?
9. What is the maximum percentage of rectification in half wave and full wave rectifiers?
10. What is Zener voltage Vz  and how will a Zener diode be connected in circuits generally?
11. Write the expressions for the efficiency of a full wave rectifier and a half wave rectifier.
12. What happens to the width of the depletion layer in a p-n junction diode when it is in
(i) forward-biased and (ii) reverse biased?
13. Define amplifier and amplification factor.
14. Write the truth table of NAND gate. How does it differ from AND gate?
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M)
1. What is sky wave propagation?
2. Define modulation. Why is it necessary?
3. Mention the various parts of the ionosphere?
4. Mention the basic methods of modulation
5. Which type of communication is employed in Mobile Phones?
6. Define modulation. Mention the basic methods of modulation.
7. What are the basic blocks of communication system?
8. What is “World Wide Web” (WWW)?
9. Mention the frequency range of speech signals.
10. Define amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase modulation
Electromagnetic Induction (2M)
1. Current in circuit falls from 5.0A to 0.0A in 0.1 sec if an average emf of 200V induced, give
an estimate of the self inductance of the circuit.
2. A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 Henry. If the current in one coil
changes from 0 to 20 amperes in 0.5sec. What is the change of flux linked with other coil.
3. A number of turns in coil 100 turns.

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