Arduino-Based Smoke Detection and Alarm

Marc Daniel Habana, Jerwin Jhasper Argel, Jovert T. Molino, Ranielle M. Cubilla, Neil Joseph M.
Sampaga

Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering,

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Abstracts should be within 150-250 words containing the novelty, objectives of the study, methodology, significant
findings, and implication of the findings in the improvement of the quality of life in the community. The full paper
through this template (with 5 to 7 pages only), should be submitted to [email protected] not later than
June 24, 2022.

Keywords: (3-7 alphabetically arranged).

1. Introduction

The risk of fire, when enabled, can destroy lives and Materials
properties in seconds. The early detection of smoke is
critical to preventing fire from destroying and damaging Hardware Components
things. Smoke detection systems, one of two forms of
fire detection, are fairly standard but often expensive
and not customizable enough. Traditional smoke ● ESP32 – Serves as the primary
detection methods can be limited by some of those microcontroller, enabling Wi-Fi connectivity
above-mentioned drawbacks. for real-time notifications.
● Arduino Uno – Assists with sensor data
processing and controls local alerts.
This research gives an idea on Arduino Based ● MQ-2 Gas Sensor – Detects smoke and
Smoke Detection and Alarm System that can trace the combustible gases, providing real-time
smoke and give indications through visual and sound readings.
alarms. The smoke sensor is used to detect harmful ● LED Indicator – Provides visual alerts
gases and smoke particles in the environment. When corresponding to smoke concentration levels.
detecting the smoke, Arduino microcontroller processes ● OLED Display (0.96” I2C) – Displays real-
the data and sound the alarm for the residents to take time smoke levels and system status.
action. Additional features, such as SMS notifications, ● Wi-Fi Module (Built-in ESP32 Wi-Fi) –
Wi-Fi connectivity, or integration with smart home Enables IoT functionality for remote
systems, can complement the system as well. monitoring and notifications.
● Power Supply (5V/12V adapter or battery
pack) – Ensures continuous operation.
This project to develop smoke detection systems ○ 9V or 12V Battery Pack –
based on Arduino that is a low cost, efficient, user- Rechargeable power source for
friendly, and can uses based on they can enhance the standalone operation.
fire safety of homes, offices and all types of ○ Battery Management Module
establishments. This allows for the monitoring of
(TP4056) – Regulates safe charging
temperature, humidity, smoke level and light intensity
and power distribution.
levels, and ensures that any deviations from the set
limits are automatically reported and acted upon. ● Jumper Wires – Used for electrical
connections between components.
● Resistors (10kΩ, 220Ω) – Ensures stable
circuit operation and current regulation.
2. Materials and Methods
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 ● Mounting Hardware (Screws, Nuts, ○ Ensure the LED indicator changes
Adhesive Tape) – Secures components states based on smoke concentration.
within the system. ○ Check the OLED display for correct
● Enclosure Box – Protects electronic real-time readings.
components from environmental factors. ○ Confirm that the buzzer activates
● Buzzer (Active or Passive) – Provides an when smoke exceeds the threshold.
audible alert when smoke is detected. ○ Validate that the Wi-Fi module
transmits data effectively and sends
Methods notifications.
○ Ensure that email alerts are
1. Component Assembly successfully sent when smoke is
○ Connect the MQ-2 gas sensor to detected.
the ESP32 and Arduino Uno. 5. Implementing Phone and Email
○ Attach the LED indicator to reflect Notifications
different alert levels. ○ Use Blynk, Firebase, or IFTTT to
○ Connect the OLED display to show send alerts to a smartphone.
sensor readings and status updates. ○ Configure the ESP32 Wi-Fi module
○ Connect the Buzzer to one of the to communicate with the cloud
GPIO pins of the ESP32 or Arduino service.
Uno. The buzzer will activate when ○ Set up real-time notifications for
smoke levels exceed the set immediate alerts when smoke is
threshold. detected.
○ Ensure proper wiring using jumper ○ Implement Gmail SMTP protocol
wires and resistors. to send email alerts to predefined
2. Powering the System recipients.
○ Utilize a 5V/12V adapter, 9V, or 6. Final Integration
12V battery pack as a power source. ○ Securely mount all components
○ Include a battery management within a protective enclosure.
module (TP4056) for efficient ○ Conduct multiple test runs to fine-
charging and safe power regulation. tune system responsiveness.
○ If using a battery, ensure reliable ○ Adjust sensitivity settings for
connections for uninterrupted optimal smoke detection.
operation. 7. Deployment and Monitoring
3. Programming the ESP32 and Arduino ○ Install the smoke detector in the
○ Develop an Arduino and ESP32 designated area.
program to: ○ Observe system functionality and
■ Read data from the MQ-2 troubleshoot any issues.
gas sensor to detect smoke ○ Collect data on smoke levels and
levels. fine-tune the alert threshold.
■ Activate the LED indicator ○ Assess the effectiveness of the
when smoke surpasses the battery and power management
threshold. system.
■ Display real-time data on 8. System Design and Operation
the OLED screen. ○ Monitoring Phase – The MQ-2
■ Activate the buzzer when sensor continuously checks for
smoke is detected, smoke.
providing an audible alert ○ Processing Phase – The ESP32 and
alongside the visual one. Arduino process sensor data.
■ Send alerts via Wi-Fi ○ Alert Phase – The LED indicator
module to a smartphone activates, and the buzzer sounds
using Blynk, Firebase, or when smoke is detected.
IFTTT. ○ Display Phase – The OLED screen
■ Send an email notification shows real-time smoke levels and
via Gmail SMTP server system status.
when smoke is detected. ○ Notification Phase – The ESP32
○ Upload the code to the ESP32 and sends alerts via Blynk, Firebase, or
Arduino Uno using the Arduino IFTTT to a smartphone and emails
IDE. via Gmail SMTP.
4. Sensor Calibration and Testing ○ Reset and Monitoring – The system
○ Verify that the MQ-2 gas sensor resets and resumes monitoring.
accurately detects smoke levels.

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