“PARAM VEER CHAKRA” NAIB SUBEDAR SANJAY

KUMAR
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC BILASPUR AT KALOL[H.P]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF DIPLOMA IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

[TRAINING PERIOD 12/07/2024 TO 09/08/2024]
AT
JSW HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 240MW KUTHER
TEH. HOLI DISTT. CHAMBA 176309

PRESENTED BY : SUBMITTED TO:

ANMOL SHARMA ER. CHAMAN LAL VERMA
[H.O.D]
SR. NO.-18 ER. ANIL VERMA

BOARD ROLL NO.-230823909012

BRANCH-MECH. ENGG.
SEMESTER-4TH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and

appreciation to all those who have made the successful completion of this
fourweek industrial training possible. Their support, guidance, and
encouragement have been instrumental in shaping my knowledge and
understanding in HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT

First and foremost, I would like to thank JSW HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PROJECT KUTHER THE. HOLI DISTT. CHAMBA 176309 for providing me with
the opportunity to undergo this training program. I am grateful for their hospitality,
resources, and the chance to work alongside their team of professionals.

I extend my heartfelt thanks to ER. MILAP CHAND MECH. ENGINEER

[ SITE INCHARGE] for being an exceptional mentor throughout the training
period. Their expertise, patience, and willingness to share knowledge have been
invaluable in enhancing my skills and competencies.

I am also indebted to all the staff and employees at JSW HYDRO ELECTRIC
PROJECT KUTHER for their cooperation and willingness to engage with me
during the training. Their insights and experiences have enriched my learning
experience.

I wish to express my appreciation to my institution, “PVCNSSK GOVT.

POLYTECHNIC BILASPUR(KALOL) , for including this industrial training as a
part of the curriculum. This opportunity has provided me with practical exposure
and a realworld perspective, which I believe will be advantageous in my future
endeavors. Thank you all for your support and belief in me. This training
experience has been truly enriching and will remain a memorable part of my
professional journey

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CERTIFICATE

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CONTENT
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1

2 CERTIFICATE 2

1. INTRODUCTION 1-3

1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 LOCATION AND APPROACH
1.3 RUNOFF RIVER POWER PLANT [WITH PONDAGE]
1.4 PURPOSE OF PROJECT ACTIVITY
1.5 BENEFITS OF HDRO POWER
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1.7 DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
2. SITE SELECTION FOR HYDRO POWER PLANT 6
3. INFORMATION ABOUT JSW KUTHER 6-7
4. DIFF. B/W BARRAGE AND DAM 7-8
5. LAYOUT AND WORKING OF JSW KUTHER 8-14
5.1 LAYOUT OF JSW KUTHER
5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
5.3 WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
6. PROJECT FEATURES 14-15
7. CONCLUSION 15
INTRODUCTION

It is capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the
kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. then a generator converts the
mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

1.1 BACKGROUND

Kuther hydro project has been contemplated as a run-of-river scheme on river Ravi.
It envisages utilization of river water through a maximum/minimum gross head of
321.15 / 302 m respectively for generation of 240 MW of electricity in an
underground power house located on left bank of river Ravi near village Kharamukh.
The project will be able to generate 905 MU and 1092.24 MU of energy at power
house bus bars in 90% dependable year and 50% mean year respectively. The power
generated shall be fed to northern grid through 23 km long, one number double
circuit 220 KV line from Kuther Power House to Chamera-III Power House. About 1200
persons including professionals, technicals, skilled and unskilled laborers will be
required during the peak construction stage.

1.2 LOCATION AND APPROACH

The project is located in Tehsil Bharmour of district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. The
diversion barrage on River Ravi shall be located 4 km d/s of village Holi at longitude
760 31’58” E and latitude 320 20’52” N, and is accessible through existing Chamba-
Holi road . The nearest rail head is Pathankot, which is about 160 kms from the
project site.

1.2 RUN-OFF RIVER POWER PLANT [WITH POUNDAGE]

Run-of-river hydro projects use the natural downward flow of rivers and turbine
generators to capture the kinetic energy carried by water. Typically, at a high
point along the river a dam is constructed to create a headpond in front of the
dam. From the dam water is diverted from the river through a pipeline
('penstock') which leads to a downstream powerhouse.

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The water level in the headpond is to ensure that the intake to the penstock
remains under water. This is illustrated by the above picture which shows how
the diverted water takes an almost straight line through the penstock from the
dam ('head') to the powerhouse, while the river follows its natural current. The
water in the penstockis pressurized so that the power is strong enough for driving
the tur bines in the power house and produce electricity. From the powerhouse
the water is led back to the river through a channel, which is called 'tailrace'

1.3 Purpose of the project activity

1. The purpose of the project activity is construction and operation of a 240 MW grid
connected renewable electricity generation hydro electric power plant.
2.The project activity will reduce the GHG emission by displacement of fossil dominated
grid electricity by renewable electricity.
3. The project activity will reduce the dependence on fossil fuel of the NEWNE (new
Integrated Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern) grid which is dominated by
emission intensive coal based thermal power plants.

1.5 Benefits of Hydropower:

Hydropower is a renewable, economic, non polluting and environmentally benign source
of energy. It saves scarce fossil fuel resources of the country, which are non renewable.
Hydropower projects have certain distinctive advantages over other sources of electricity
generation, as discussed below:

a) Technical Benefits

 Hydropower projects are known to have much longer life and provide cheaper
electricity as there is no fuel cost and the recurring cost involved in generation,
operation and maintenance is lower than that in case of other sources of energy.

b) Environmental Benefits

 Uses renewable and pollution free source i.e. :- water.

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  Increase in Agriculture Productivity through development of irrigation and
multipurpose schemes, having generation of electricity as one of the objectives,
wherever possible and feasible.

 Avoided Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from equivalent thermal and other fuel
based power projects.

 Involve large scale afforestation activities under various schemes like Compensatory
Afforestation, Catchment Area Treatment, Green Belt Development, Voluntary
Afforestation etc. which ultimately improve the environmental quality of the project
area.

 Flood Mitigation through large storage dams.

 Source of Drinking Water.

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c) Social Benefits :-

 Hydro projects are a boon to the society and the population in and around the
projects. With enhanced employment opportunities, increased earnings, enriched life
style and improved standard of living, the people in these localities experience an
economic and social upliftment. Reservoir area is an ideal place for recreation and
source of eco-tourism promotion in the area. The reservoirs are also used for
promoting pisciculture. There are other direct benefits accruing from hydro projects
and dams such as increased water for improved irrigation, and drinking water to
villages and people living in and around the project area.

1.6 Advantages of a Hydroelectric Power Plant:-

 No fuel is required as potential energy is stored water is used for electricity
generation.
 Neat and clean source of energy.
 Very small running charges - as water is available free of cost.
 Comparatively less maintenance is required and has longer life.
 Serves other purposes too, such as irrigation.

1.7 Disadvantagesof a Hydroelectric Power Plant:-

 Very high capital cost due to construction of dam.

 High cost of transmission – as hydro plants are located in hilly areas which are quite
away from the consumers.

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 2.Site selection for hydro power plant

1.Fuel availability: Plants are often located near fuel sources to reduce transportation
costs.

For example, coal plants near mines, or solar farms in sunny regions.

2. Water source proximity: Many plants, especially thermal, need large amounts of
water for cooling. They're often built near rivers, lakes, or coasts.
3. Transmission infrastructure: Proximity to existing power grids reduces the cost and
energy loss in electricity transmission.

4. Environmental considerations: Plants must comply with emission standards and

minimize impact on local ecosystems. This affects both location and design.

5. Geological and seismic conditions: Stable ground is crucial for safety, especially for
nuclear plants. Seismic activity risk is a major consideration.

6. Land availability and cost: Power plants, particularly renewables like solar and
wind, require significant land area. Cost and availability of suitable land is a key
factor.

7. Access to infrastructure and resources: Good Road access for fuel and equipment
transport, and availability of skilled labor are important

7. Government policies and incentives: These can influence location choices,

especially for renewable energy projects.

9. Social and community acceptance: Local community support is crucial. Factors like
noise, visual impact, and potential disruptions are considered.
Each of these factors carries different weight depending on the type of power plant and
specific project requirements.

3 INFORMATION ABOUT JSW KUTHER HYDRO POWER

PLANT
LOCATION : VILL. KUTHER TEH. HOLI DISTT. CHAMBA [H.P] 176309
RIVER: RAVI RIVER
PROJECT SCHEME: RUN-OFF RIVER POWER PLANT WITH BARRAGE
POWER CAPACITY:240MW
NO. OF UNITS : 3 X80 MW
GROSS HEAD : 320 M [ MEDIUM HEAD]
TURBINES TYPE : FRANCIS TURBINE
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MAX. DIAMETER OF PENSTOCK :4350MM[4.350M]
MIN. DIAMETER OF PENSTOCK :2000MM
LENGH OF PENSTOCK: 320M
THICKNESS OF PENSTOCK: 36MM
LOCATION OF POWER HOUSE : KHADAMUKH [ UNDER GROUND]

BARRAGE DETAILS:
LOCATION OF BARRAGE : 4KM FROM VILL. HOLI
DISTANCE B/W BARRAGE AND POWER HOUSE IS : 22 KM
NO. OF GATE : 5 [RADIAL GATE]
EMERGENCY GATE OR MAINTANCE GATE : 5 STOP LOG GATE
HEAD RACE TUNNEL LENGTH [H.R.T]: 20KM
NO. OF WATER CHAMBER : 3 CHAMBER[290MLONG X15.5 M WIDE X15M HEIGHT]

4 DIFFETRENCE B/W BARRAGE AND DAM :

BARRAGE
A barrage is a type of dam; however, instead of being a massive concrete wall that
the water can’t flow over, the barrage is full of gates.
A barrage is constructed when water doesn’t need to be stored but rather diverted. For
this reason, the barrage is usually built across a flat and relatively slow-moving river.
Unlike a dam, which will raise waters nearly to its height, a barrage will only raise the
water level by a few feet. This is also useful for navigation, because a barrage can
increase the depth of a river by a few feet.

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DAM

A dam is a barrier that is constructed across a river valley or water source.

A dam creates a deep reservoir of water that can be stored and used at a later date. These
uses can include irrigation, water supply or even electricity generation. A dam is usually an
impressive feat of construction, as its sheer height is what keeps the water from moving up
and over it. Unlike a barrage, a dam is built for the sole purpose of storing water and to
raise the level of water contained within it.

5. LAYOUT AND WORKING OF JSW KUTHER POWER

PLANT

5.1 SIMPLE LAYOUT OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

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5.2 CONSTRUCTION OF JSW HYDRO POWER PLANT

1] BARRAGE :
A barrage is a type of dam; however, instead of being a massive concrete wall that the
water can’t flow over, the barrage is full of gates.
A barrage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large
gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through.

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2] GATE : GATE IS THE COMPONENT WHICH CAN CONTROL THE WATER FLOW
OF RIVER.
IN JSW KUTHER THE 5 RADIAL GATE IS CONSTRUCTED

The Radial Gate (also called Tainter Gate) is a different type of floodgate used to
control the water flow through dams’ spillways and river barrage.
The design of the Radial Gate consists of a reinforced curved skin plate that has
horizontal beams to reinforce the structure and two main vertical beams to
transfer the load to the main rotational arms located on either side. At the ends of
the radial arms the rotation is being possible by a frame mounted ‘trunnion’
located on the adjacent concrete walls. When closed, the outer curved surface of
the skin plate is loaded against the water pressure with the radial arms and
associated pivoting system located on the dry side.

3] STOP LOG GATE :

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Stoplogs are modular in nature, giving the operator of a gated structure the ability to
control the water level in a channel by adding or removing individual stoplogs

5] HEAD RACE TUNNEL :

“Headrace tunnel takes water from connecting channels and conveys it to the
forebay or directly to the penstock provided with surge shaft” depending upon the
project and site requirements times also known as power tunnels. Or

“A tunnel provided between the De-silting chamber or Fore-bay to the Surge

Shaft” or “A structure that carries water from intake to the powerhouse for power
generation”

6] PENSTOCK:

Penstocks are pipes or long channels that carry water down from the
hydroelectric reservoir to the turbines inside the actual power
station. Generally, they are made of steel and water under
high pressure flows through the penstock.

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7] TURBINES :

 Francis turbine:-

Francis turbines are primarily used for producing electricity. The power output of the electric
generators generally ranges from just a few kilowatts up to 1000 MW, though mini-
hydro installations may be lower. The best performance is seen when the head height is
between 100–300 metres (330–980 ft).

8] GENERATER :

Hydrogenerators convert the mechanical energy from the turbine

into electrical energy using an excitation system.

9] ROTOR :

The rotor is a vital component of various machines that serve to transmit

mechanical power from one part to another. If we ask what rotor means, the
term "rotor" refers to a rotating part of a machine that transmits mechanical
power or interacts with a magnetic field to produce motion or electrical power.
It consists of a central shaft rotating in a cylindrical body and is connected to
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other machine elements such as gears or blades.

10] DRAFT TUBE :

A draft tube is a diverging tube fitted at the exit of a turbine's runner and used to utilize the
kinetic energy available with water at the exit of the runner.[1]
This draft tube at the end of the turbine increases the pressure of the exiting fluid at the
expense of its velocity. This means that the turbine can reduce pressure to a higher extent
without fear of back flow from the tail race.

5.3 WORKING OF JSW KUTHER HYDRO POWER

PLANT

1. *Barrage Construction:*
- *Barrage*: A barrage is a low dam built across a river. Unlike large dams, a barrage does not
create a large reservoir but instead raises the water level slightly, ensuring a steady flow of water.
- *Gates*: The barrage has gates that can be opened or closed to control the flow of water. The
primary purpose of the barrage is to divert water towards the intake structure while allowing
excess water to flow downstream.

### 2. *Water Diversion:*

- *Intake Structure*: Water from the river is diverted through an intake structure located
upstream of the barrage. This structure typically has screens to prevent debris and fish from
entering the system.
- *Canal or Penstock*: The diverted water flows through a canal or penstock (a large pipe) to the
power station. In some designs, a headrace canal leads to the forebay (a small basin) before
entering the penstock.

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### 3. *Power Generation:*
- *Turbines*: The water enters the powerhouse where it is directed towards turbines. The kinetic
energy of the flowing water spins the turbines, converting the energy into mechanical energy.
- *Generators*: The turbines are connected to generators. As the turbines spin, the generators
convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

### 4. *Water Discharge:*

- *Tailrace*: After passing through the turbines, the water is discharged back into the river
through a tailrace channel, usually downstream of the barrage.

### 5. *Control Systems:*

- *Monitoring and Control*: The power plant is equipped with monitoring and control systems
that regulate water flow, turbine speed, and power output. The barrage gates can be adjusted
based on water levels, flow rates, and energy demand.

### 6. *Environmental Impact:*

- *Minimal Reservoir*: Since a barrage creates a minimal reservoir, the environmental impact is
generally lower compared to large dam-based hydroelectric projects. The natural flow of the river
is maintained, which is beneficial for the aquatic ecosystem.

6. PROJECT FEATURES

A 125 m long barrage comprising of 5 barrage spillway bays 11 m wide with radial
gate of size 11 m x 12.5 m is proposed on the river Ravi to pass 100 year design flood
of 6681 cumecs. The barrage crust elevation has been kept at El. 1685 m.a.s.l. while
pond-level and upstream HFL is kept at El. 1706.75 m.a.s.l. and the barrage
foundation level (lowest) shall be kept at 1678.09 m a.s.l. The FRL and MDDL have
been fixed at El. 1706.75 m a.s.l. and 1700 m a.s.l. respectively.The intake shall be
located just upstream of barrage at right angle to the flow section. Two number of
modified D-shaped 3.5 m x 5.0 m size link tunnels have been proposed to carry the
discharge from desilting basin to the intake of head race tunnel. The discharge of
92.64 cumecs shall be conveyed through a 6.2 m finished diameter circular pressure
tunnel, which is 14.613 km long and provided under the hill ridge on the left bank of
Ravi River.

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An under-ground power house of size 85.5 m. x 18.5 m. x 42.0 m. shall be provided
on the left bank of Ravi River near village Kharamukh to install and operate
three units with cumulative generation capacity of 240 MW. An underground
switchgear cum transformer cavern has been proposed adjacent to power house
cavern. A circular tail race tunnel of 6.0 m diameter and 296.4 m long with bed slopes
1:71.6 will discharge the water back to River Ravi near village Kharamukh.

8. CONCLUSION
I would like to say that this training ia an excellent opportunity for me .

The main objectives of this industrial training are to observe and practice how the basic
machine knowledge and engineering is applicable in the real industries

It is not only to grt technical experience but also to observe management practise and
how to interact with follow workers .