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Notes Lesson 6 UCSP (1)

The document discusses the concept of social groups, distinguishing between primary and secondary groups based on the nature of relationships among members. It also introduces reference groups, which help individuals define their beliefs and behaviors, and outlines the importance of social networks in both personal and organizational contexts. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of social interactions and relationships in shaping individual identities and group dynamics.

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4 views

Notes Lesson 6 UCSP (1)

The document discusses the concept of social groups, distinguishing between primary and secondary groups based on the nature of relationships among members. It also introduces reference groups, which help individuals define their beliefs and behaviors, and outlines the importance of social networks in both personal and organizational contexts. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of social interactions and relationships in shaping individual identities and group dynamics.

Uploaded by

ishinavidad94
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 6 How Society Is Organized

What is a Social Group?


A social group is two or more people who identify with and engage with each
other (Macionis 2012). As an individual, you may be a member of a religious group,
an ethnic group, a working colleague group, a college class, a sports team, and so
on. These are also referred to as social groups.

A social group is distinct from an aggregate, which consists of people who


are temporarily grouped together in an area, perhaps even performing the same
things, but do not consider themselves to be members of the same group. For
example, being in a busy shop or waiting in line for a movie does not make you feel
like you belong with the people doing the same thing. A category and a group are
not the same thing. You may share comparable qualities, such as age or height, yet
you may not interact or experience a feeling of belonging if you are in the same
category as someone.

TYPES OF GROUPS ACCORDING TO INFLUENCE:


Primary and Secondary Groups
The difference between primary and secondary groups lies in the kinds of
relationships their members have with one another.

Primary groups involve interaction among members who have an emotional


investment or attachment in one another and a situation, who know one another
intimately and interact as total individuals rather than through specialized roles.
They are smaller in number and occur over a long time. Examples of relationships
under the primary group are between friends, husband and wife, parent and child,
and teacher and pupil. On the other hand, sample groups under primary groups
include playgroup, family, village/neighborhood, and work team.

Secondary groups usually have specific goals, are formally organized, and
are impersonal. They tend to be larger than the primary group, and its members do
not necessarily interact with all other members. Examples of relationships under
the secondary group are between clerk and customer, announcer and listener,
performer and spectator, and officer and subordinate. On the other hand, sample
groups under the second group include nation, clerical hierarchy, professional
association, and corporation.

OUT-GROUPS IN-GROUPS
is a social group
is awith which
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TYPES OF GROUPS
which a person
psychologically ACCORDING TO
identifies as being a MEMBERSHIP
member.

Reference Groups
A reference group is a group or social category that an individual uses to
help define beliefs, attitudes, and values and to guide behaviour. It is often a
category we identify with, rather than a specific group we belong to. In addition,
they provide a comparison against which people measure themselves and others.
Positive reference groups are composed of people we want to emulate.
Negative reference groups, on the other hand, provide a model we do not wish to
follow.

Types of Reference Groups


A normative reference group influences your norms, attitudes, and
values through direct interaction.

A comparative reference group is a group of individuals whom you


compare yourself against and may strive to be like.

Examples:

NORMATIVE teacher siblings friends

COMPARATIVEE celebrities heroes

Social Network
A social network is a sociological concept that refers to the social relationships that
exist between network parts and individuals. In an organization, network elements
can include social groups or teams, organizational units, or entire organizations.
Social Network in practice:
All our functions at work and in private take place in some social networks. Every
social network is about relations that include social interaction and social
communication. We can easily describe, map, and analyze social networks through
social network analysis and sociometry. The basic types of social networks in the
organization are formal organizational structure, and informal organizational
structure. The social network in the organization forms an informal organizational
structure. Its influence on the events and decision-making in the organization is
greater in less authoritative management styles and types of the organizations.
Often in practice, the informal organizational structure is more influential on what
is happening in the organization than the formal organizational structure.

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