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OSI Model Assignment - Layered Communication

The document explains the OSI model's seven layers that facilitate data transmission between devices over a network, starting from the Application Layer down to the Physical Layer and back up at the receiving end. Each layer has specific functions, such as data formatting, session management, reliable transmission, and error detection, ensuring accurate and secure data delivery. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of each layer in the overall communication process.

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7 views2 pages

OSI Model Assignment - Layered Communication

The document explains the OSI model's seven layers that facilitate data transmission between devices over a network, starting from the Application Layer down to the Physical Layer and back up at the receiving end. Each layer has specific functions, such as data formatting, session management, reliable transmission, and error detection, ensuring accurate and secure data delivery. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of each layer in the overall communication process.

Uploaded by

hochieng212
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Task 3

Layered Communication

When data is transmitted between two devices over a network, the OSI model’s seven layers work
together to ensure the successful transmission and reception of data. The process begins at the
Application Layer of the sending device and moves downwards through each layer until the Physical
Layer sends the data over the network. Upon reaching the destination, the data moves upwards from
the Physical Layer to the Application Layer of the receiving device.

1. Application Layer (Layer 7): The application that initiates communication, such as a web browser or
email client, generates data in the form of a request. This data is passed to the Presentation Layer for
encoding.

2. Presentation Layer (Layer 6): This layer is responsible for converting the data into a format suitable for
transmission, applying encryption or compression if necessary. The data is then passed to the Session
Layer.

3. Session Layer (Layer 5): Here, the session between the two communicating devices is established,
managed, and terminated. The data is forwarded to the Transport Layer.

4. Transport Layer (Layer 4): This layer ensures reliable data transmission by dividing the data into
segments, managing error recovery, and controlling data flow. Protocols like TCP or UDP are used here.
The segments are sent to the Network Layer.

5. Network Layer (Layer 3): The data is now organized into packets, and logical addressing (IP addresses)
is applied to route the data to the destination device. The packets are sent to the Data Link Layer.

6. Data Link Layer (Layer 2): This layer organizes the packets into frames and ensures error detection
through mechanisms such as checksums. Frames are forwarded to the Physical Layer for transmission.

7. Physical Layer (Layer 1): The actual bits of data are transmitted over the physical medium (e.g., fiber
optic cables, Wi-Fi signals). At the receiving end, the process is reversed, with the data moving upwards
through the OSI layers until it reaches the Application Layer, where it is displayed to the user.

Conclusion
Each layer of the OSI model adds specific information to ensure the data reaches its destination
accurately and securely, with the Physical Layer handling raw data transmission and the Application Layer
interacting with end-user applications.
Citations
Tanenbaum, A. S., & Wetherall, D. J. (2011). Computer Networks (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (1994). ISO/IEC 7498-1: Information Technology –
Open Systems Interconnection – Basic Reference Model.

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