MATH 1012 Calculus IA

YING, Jiaxi [email protected]

Review

L
Limits
Ema fix L if andonly if ima fix fatfix

1a f X
1 f x
doesnotexist
Ema fix
ma fix In

9
Continuity fix is continuous at a Emafix flat

Extreme Value Theorem Let f x be continuous on

Ea b1
cnn.fm
d
There is a number E a b such that fc fix for all xeta.bg
There is a number d E a b such that fid fix for all X t a b

Intermediate Value Theorem Ya

fx
fb
Forany number L between fla and fb
there exists a number t ab Suchthat feel L
fia
a
ofCbx
Differentiation
is differentiable at x a flath flat exists
fix dig h

f is differentiable at x a f is continuous at X a

f is continuous at x a f is differentiable at X a

fial Fal
Derivative
him

fial 0 the slope

ofthetangent lineof f at X a
therateof change f at x a
of
Some other notations
for f x
y FIX
lim fixth fix
fix y y If Dy Df no h
Fx D differentiation operations
we can also write and
11
 fical 9 x a xlx a If x a Of x a
Example y fix Sinx

Dsinx to represent the derivative ofsinx

Wecan use sinx
sinx.dk
Notice Sinx Sina
y
derivatite Kerivative
the of sinx at x a the oftheconstant numberSina
Computation of derivative
1 the derivative by definition
If fixhyton
compute
flex high

11 fix C is a constant
f x 0

t
12 f x X n is a positiveinteger
f x n

fix F
IT txthh hit.MY hig
cxhlixthymhttx
exth xthint x x n.tn
fig
2 bnt
an bn ab ant amb tabn
If f x X then f x
If f x then f x 2X
2
If fix X then f x 3
13 f x X fix x

fix IT txh Is FII his latiftiffet

It t It at
14 fix Sinx f x los

fix sI
hi1sinkfl s
IT txthn.FI higsinxcoshtlxsinh
t
11 sinx 411 losx.si 10322 1 25in'd

h1
Recall that limo
sink coff sift
him 10h1 11 sift hit sinth his si 01 0

fix sinx.IT loft cost

11 Sind
sinx 0 lost 1 lost
15 fix cosX f x Sin using thesimilar method
 6 ax ax ina ax ex ex
y fix
fix 1 1 1 41 lie his aYat ax.info
ina a
How to calculate
hing
aft him.at in a

wecanobserve that
0 p
a
f 10 exists f ois increasing with respect to a when asl
a growsfaster at X o forlargera

11 2ft 0.69
11 1.10

There exists a unique number at 12,3 such that

IT
oneof thedefinitionofe
we use e to denote thisnumber hip ett e 2.71828 irrationalnumbe

Now we calculate
It in terms of e and a

Recall that a blogba for any aso boo b 1 Proof Set P log a Then a b blob

a Lina In a log a

his aft hitch ett his ftp ina t ina ina

h where a h Ina
 Rules ofdifferentiation suppose that f andg are differentiable

O f g x fix 9 x
c f x C f x is a constant

f g x f x gix f x
gx
j x f x gx fix g x
gtx
f g fixth gixth f x gx
proof of 0 x him h
fixth f x sixth 91 1
1 him

f g
proof of c f x
his c fixth c fix c pigfixth fix cf

f9 x fixth gixth fix gix

proof of p
fixth 9 fth f exth g x fixth g x f x fix
41 h
91 94 fixth fx
451 fixth 1 hipg x h
91 1
1 fixth Emo
91
1 g x him fixth fx
h
f x g x gix f x
proof of We consider fix gix F
Then Rule gives f g g I
t 9 9t
f 9
9g

Example fix n is positive integer

fix 111 1.1 9 t

X'S fax n

t
In general fix X n is an integer fix n

Example fix tank 8 fix

Sinxico sinx Cox Cox 105 sinx Sinx
fix 1
1 recall that Sinx cost 1105 1 Sinx
The chainrule compute the derivative
of composite function
suppose
g is differentiable at x and f is differentiable at g x
Then thecomposite function is differentiable at x
fog f 91 1
and fog x figixi g x
rateofchange ratlofchange Yate
ofchange
of fig x at of f atgix of gat
Another statement
If y f u and u g x

then
x u

Notice f g x1
y flu fog x

x fo x f gx

11 f u f g x1

dux 9 x
The chain rule figix f g x1 g x

deritative detivative
the the
of f at g x of fat 9 x
day 1 y fin 4 91 1

Example y 2 3 73 Find a

y flu us 14 fin 34
u gx 2X't3X g x 4 3

0 f gin 9 x 39ix g x 3 2 31 4 3
gixi
1
ft zu 4 3 3 2 3 1 4 3

Example y Sin x ex Find Ex

Sinius f ul 10514
y flu
U gix X ex gix 2x ex

a Hu ios u 2x ex cos X ex 2X ex
Exite
 Pand q are twointegers
Example y
1
Ourgoal is to compute Let hix ye XP

1k PxPt y x

1,1 11 999
1.11 9 x dya

of dahy.at x P Extat
pxp1

In general fix n is a rational number f x n x

In general fix 91 1 n is a rationalnumber f x n gx gx

consider f u uh u gix

2
Fxx 1 x 2X x 3 Tx Ix 2

3
1x 2 2