THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

Semester 2 2017

MATH1241
HIGHER MATHEMATICS 1B

(1) TIME ALLOWED – TWO (2) HOURS

(2) TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS – 4

(3) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

(4) THE QUESTIONS ARE OF EQUAL VALUE

(5) ANSWER EACH QUESTION IN A SEPARATE BOOK

(6) THIS PAPER MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CANDIDATE

(7) ONLY CALCULATORS WITH AN AFFIXED “UNSW APPROVED” STICKER

MAY BE USED

(8) A SHORT TABLE OF INTEGRALS and A STANDARD NORMAL TABLE

ARE APPENDED ON THE LAST PAGES

All answers must be written in ink. Except where they are expressly required pencils
may only be used for drawing, sketching or graphical work.
Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 2

USE A SEPARATE BOOK CLEARLY MARKED QUESTION 1

1. i) Evaluate each of the following integrals.

1
Z
a) I1 = √ dx
x2 + 4x + 5
Z
b) I2 = cos3 x sin2 x dx
x+7
Z
c) I3 = dx
(x + 1)2 (x − 2)

ii) Find the general solution of the differential equation

d2 y dy
2
+ 2 + 2y = 2x.
dx dx

     
1 1 −2
iii) Let v1 = 1 , v2 = 2 , and v3 = −1.
    
0 1 1
a) Write v3 as a linear combination of v1 and v2 .
b) Does there exist a linear map T : R3 7→ R3 such that
     
1 −2 −6
T (v1 ) = 6 , T (v2 ) = 16 , and T (v3 ) = −3?
    
3 2 −8

c) What is the relationship between span(v1 , v2 ) and span(v1 , v2 , v3 )?

iv) Let S = {x ∈ R3 : x21 − x22 = x23 }.

a) Prove that S is closed under scalar multiplication.
b) Show that S is not a subspace of R3 .

Please see over . . .

Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 3

USE A SEPARATE BOOK CLEARLY MARKED QUESTION 2

2. i) The volume V of a tumour can be modelled by the differential equation

 
dV V
=α 1− V, (*)
dt K
where t is time, V is the volume of the tumour at time t and α and K
are positive constants. If the initial value V (0) = V0 is imposed, solving
(*) as a separable equation gives the non constant solution
K
V (t) =   .
K −αt
1+ −1 e
V0
a) Find all constant solutions to equation (*).
b) Find the behaviour of V (t) as t → ∞.
c) Give an interpretation of the constants α and K.
d) Another model for tumour growth is given by the differential equation
 
dV V
= −α ln V. (**)
dt K
Suppose the same constants α and K are used in the two models.
Without solving (**), explain which model predicts faster tumour
growth for tumours when V much smaller than K?

ii) The specific gravity z of a solid heavier than water is given by

x
z= ,
x−y
where x and y are its weight in air and water respectively. The weights
x and y are observed to be 21.3g and 10.2g and each observation is made
with an uncertainty whose absolute value is at most 0.1g.
∂z ∂z
a) Find and .
∂x ∂y
b) Use the total differential approximation for z to estimate the maxi-
mum uncertainty in the calculated value of z (to 3 decimal places).
You may find the following Maple session useful.
> z := x/(x-y):
> zx := diff(z,x):
> zy := diff(z,y):
> subs(x=21.3, y=10.2, zx);
−0.08278548821
> subs(x=21.3, y=10.2, zy);
0.1728755783

Please see over . . .

Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 4

iii) The probability density function f of a continuous random variable X is

given by (
kx2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
f (x) =
0 otherwise,
where k is a constant.
a) Find the value of k.
b) Evaluate E(X) and Var(X).
2 2
iv) Let T
√ : R → R be the linear map which reflects a vector in the line
y = 3 x as show in the diagram.

y √
T (x) y= 3x

a) Show that
√ 
1
 
− 3    
 2  2  1 0
T (e1 ) =  √ 
 , T (e2 ) = 
 1 ,
 where e1 = , e2 = .
3 0 1
2 2
b) Find the matrix A such that

Ax = T (x), for all x ∈ R2 .

 
4
c) Find T .
5

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Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 5

v) Read the following Maple output and use it to answer the questions below.
> with(LinearAlgebra):
> A := <<1,2,7,4,3>|<-1,6,2,8,1>|<2,-4,5,-4,2>|
<2,3,-1,5,7>|<-1,14,11,20,5>>;
1 −1 2 2 −1
 

 2 6 −4 3 14 
 
 
A :=  7 2 5 −1 11 
 
 
 4 8 −4 5 20 
 
3 1 2 7 5
> GaussianElimination(A);
1 −1 2 2 −1
 

 0 8 −8 −1 16 
 
 
 0 0 0 − 111 0
 
 8 

 0 0 0 0 0 
 
0 0 0 0 0
> b := <-2,35,16,49,15>:
−2
 

 35 
 
 
b :=  16 
 
 
 49 
 
15
> LinearSolve(A,b);
1 − t3 − t5
 

 5 + t3 − 2 t5 
 
 
t3
 
 
 

 1 

t5
Let A be the matrix A defined in the Maple code above.
a) Give a basis for the kernel of the matrix A.
b) Find one vector in x ∈ R5 such that
 
−2
 35 
 
Ax =  16  .

 49 
15

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Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 6

USE A SEPARATE BOOK CLEARLY MARKED QUESTION 3

3. i) Let P2 be the vector space of all real polynomials of degree at most 2.

a) Find three polynomials f1 , f2 , f3 in P2 such that fi (0) = 1 for i =
1, 2, 3 and {f1 , f2 , f3 } is linearly independent.
b) Suppose that P = {p1 , p2 , p3 } is a subset of P2 such that pi (1) = 0
for i = 1, 2, 3. Show that P is a linearly dependent set.
 
1 1 0
ii) Let A = 0 2 1.
0 0 3
a) Given that the eigenvalues of A are 1, 2, 3, explain why A is diago-
nalisable.
b) Find an eigenvector of A for the eigenvalue λ = 3.
 
1 0 0
c) Let D = 0 2 0 and
0 0 3

f (x) = (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3) = x3 − 6x2 + 11x − 6.

Show that f (D) = D 3 − 6D 2 + 11D − 6I is the zero matrix 0.

d) Hence, prove that f (A) = 0.
e) Compute A−1 as a linear combination of A2 , A, I.

iii) Let F = {0, 1} be the field of 2 elements, where 1 + 1 = 0, and let V = F3

be the set of all 3-tuples with elements in F. For example,
     
0 1 1
1 + 1 = 0 .
1 0 1

You are given that V forms a vector space over the field F. Two (not
necessarily distinct) vectors v1 , v2 are chosen at random from V . Let S
denote the sample space. Define E to be the event that v1 , v2 are linearly
independent.
a) Find |S|.
21
b) Show that P (E) = .
32

c) Consider the discrete random variable X = dim span(v1 , v2 ) .
Copy and complete the following table for the probability distribution
pk = P (X = k).
k 0 1 2
pk

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Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 7

iv) Mo’s mobile phone company produces phones with an average lifetime
of 4.2 years. Suppose that the lifetime is an approximately normally
distributed random variable with standard deviation 1.3 years. Mo wishes
to offer a warranty on his phones, but figures that it is only profitable
to do so if he replaces fewer than 2% of the stock he sells, during the
warranty period. What warranty length should he offer?

Please see over . . .

Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 8

USE A SEPARATE BOOK CLEARLY MARKED QUESTION 4

4. i) Consider the differential equation

1
x2 y ′ = xy − ex y 3 .
2
a) Show that the substitution y(x) = xu(x) leads to a separable equa-
tion for u(x).
√
b) Solve the inital value problem y(1) = 1/ e.

ii) Consider the power series expansion

∞
1 X
√ = an xn ,
1 − 2cx + x2 n=0

where c is a constant.
a) Find the first two coefficients a0 and a1 .
b) Show that
∞
X ∞
X
n 2
(c − x) an x = (1 − 2cx + x ) nan xn−1
n=0 n=1

and, hence, or otherwise, determine a2 .

iii) Consider the sequence {an } defined recursively by

a2n + π 2
an+1 = , a0 = 1.
an + π
The following Maple session may be useful.
> factor(Pi - (a[n]^2 + Pi^2)/(a[n] + Pi));
an (π − an )
an + π

a) Show by induction that an < π.

b) By considering an+1 − an , show that the sequence is monotonically
increasing.
c) State clearly why the sequence converges and determine its limit.

Please see over . . .

Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 9

iv) Consider the sequence {an } given by

cos n + n
an = .
n3 − e−n
a) Does the series
∞
X
an
n=1

converge? Give reasons for your answer.

b) Determine the interval of convergence of the power series
∞
X
an (x + 2)n .
n=1

You may use the fact that the sequence {an } is monotonically de-
creasing.

Please see over . . .

Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 10

Standard normal probabilities P (Z ≤ z)

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
−2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
−2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
−2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
−2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
−2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
−2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
−2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
−2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
−2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
−2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
−1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
−1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
−1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
−1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
−1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
−1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
−1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
−1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
−1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
−1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
−0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
−0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
−0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
−0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
−0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
−0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
−0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
−0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
−0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
−0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986

Please see over . . .

Semester 2 2017 MATH1241 Page 11

BASIC INTEGRALS
1
Z
dx = ln |x| + C = ln |kx|, C = ln k
x
1
Z
eax dx = eax + C
a
1 x
Z
ax dx = a + C, a 6= 1
ln a
1
Z
sin ax dx = − cos ax + C
a
1
Z
cos ax dx = sin ax + C
a
1
Z
2
sec ax dx = tan ax + C
a
1
Z
2
cosec ax dx = − cot ax + C
a
1
Z
tan ax dx = ln | sec ax| + C
a
1
Z
cot ax dx = ln | sin ax| + C
a
1
Z
sec ax dx = ln | sec ax + tan ax| + C
a
1
Z
sinh ax dx = cosh ax + C
a
1
Z
cosh ax dx = sinh ax + C
a
1
Z
2
sech ax dx = tanh ax + C
a
1
Z
2
cosech ax dx = − coth ax + C
a
dx 1 −1 x
Z
= tan +C
a2 + x2 a a
dx 1 −1 x
Z
= tanh + C, |x| < a
a2 − x2 a a
= a1 coth−1 xa + C, |x| > a > 0
1 a+x
= ln + C, x2 6= a2
2a a−x
dx −1 x
Z
√ = sin +C
a2 − x2 a
dx x
Z
√ = sinh−1 + C
2
x +a 2 a
dx x
Z
√ = cosh−1 + C, x>a>0
2
x −a 2 a