Assignment 3

CO4: Select and Determine the power, efficiencies for Impulse and Reaction water turbines.
CO5: Determine the work done, various efficiencies of Centrifugal and Positive displacement pumps.

1. Define hydraulic machines.

2. Differentiate between the turbine and pump.
3. What do you mean by gross head, net head and efficiency of the turbine?
4. Explain the different types of the efficiencies of a turbine.
5. How will you classify the turbines?
6. Differentiate between:
a) Impulse and reaction turbine
b) Radial and axial flow turbine
c) Inward and outward radial flow turbine
d) Kaplan and propeller turbine
7. Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles for a Pelton turbine and indicate the direction
of various velocities.
8. What is basis of selection of a turbine at a particular place?
9. Define the specific speed of pump? Derive an expression for the specific speed.
10. Define the term ‘Governing of a turbine’. Describe with a neat sketch the working of
governing of Pelton wheel.
11. Describe briefly the function of various main components of Pelton turbine with neat
sketch.
12. Define centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump with
sketches.
13. Obtain an expression for the work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump on water perp
second per unit weight of water.
14. Define the term: suction head, delivery head, static head and manometric head.
15. What is priming? Why is it necessary?
16. What is cavitation and what are its causes? How will you prevent the cavitation in
centrifugal pump?
17. What is reciprocating pump? Describe the principle and working of a reciprocating
pump with neat sketch.
18. Define slip, percentage of slip and negative slip.
19. Draw an indicator diagram, considering the effect of acceleration and friction in suction
and delivery pipes.
20. What is an air vessel? Describe the function of an air vessel for reciprocating pumps.
21. Write the comparison between centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps.
22. Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in
the direction the jet.
23. A jet of water of diameter 150mm strikes a flat plate normally with a velocity of 12m/s.
the plate is moving with a velocity of 6 m/s in the direction of jet and away from the
jet. Find : a) the force exerted by the jet on the plate, b) work done by the jet on the
plate per second.
24. A jet of water having a velocity of 20m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with
a velocity of 10m/s. The jet makes an angle of 20° with the direction of motion of a
vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 130° to the direction of motion of vane at outlet.
 Calculate : i) vane angles, so that the water enters and leaves the vane without shock,
ii) work done per second per unit weight of water striking the vane per second.
25. A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate
of 700 litres/sec under a head of 30m. the buckets deflects the jet through an angle of
160°. Calculate the power given by water to the runner and hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine. Assume co-efficient of velocity is 0.98.
26. A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 75% is required to produce 148.25 kW
power. It is working under a head of 7.62m. The peripheral velocity is 0.26(2gH)^1/2
and radial velocity of low at intel is 0.96(2gH)^1/2. The wheel runs at 150 rpm and
hydraulic losses in turbine are 22% of the available energy. Assuming radial discharge,
determine : i) the guide blade angle, ii) diameter of the wheel and iii) width of the wheel
at inlet.
27. Kaplan turbine working under a head of 20m develops 11772 kW shaft power. The
outer diameter of the runner is 3.5m and hub diameter is 1.75m. the guide blade angle
at the extreme edge of the runner is 35°. The hydraulic and overall efficiencies of the
turbine are 88% and 84% respectively. If the velocity of whirl is zero at outlet,
determine: i) runner vane angles at inlet and outlet, ii) speed of the turbine.
28. The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are 200mm
and 400mm respectively. The pump is running at 1200rpm. The vane angles of the
impeller at inlet and outlet are 20° and 30° respectively. The water enters the impeller
radially and velocity of flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller per
unit weight of water.
29. A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5 m and design speed of
1000rpm. The vanes are curved back to an angle of 30° with the periphery. The impeller
diameter is 300mm and outlet width is 50mm. Determine the discharge of the pump if
manometric efficiency is 95%.
30. The length and diameter of a suction pipe of a single-acting reciprocating pump are 5m
and 10cm respectively. The pump has a plunger of diameter 15cm and a stroke length
of 35 cm. The center of the pump is 3m above the water surface in the pump. The
atmospheric pressure head is 10.3 m of water and pump is running at 35 rpm. Determine
i) pressure head due to acceleration at the beginning of the suction stroke,
ii) maximum pressure head due to acceleration, and
iii) pressure head in the cylinder at the beginning and at the end of the stroke.