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Si Unity 5

The document outlines various units related to sensors and transducers, including their definitions, classifications, and measurement techniques for displacement, force, pressure, temperature, and flow. It also covers virtual instrumentation, data acquisition methods, and the structure and applications of intelligent sensors, particularly in automatic robot control and automobile engine management. Key benefits of smart sensors include improved fuel efficiency, lower emissions, enhanced engine performance, and increased longevity.

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mayank gupta
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10 views28 pages

Si Unity 5

The document outlines various units related to sensors and transducers, including their definitions, classifications, and measurement techniques for displacement, force, pressure, temperature, and flow. It also covers virtual instrumentation, data acquisition methods, and the structure and applications of intelligent sensors, particularly in automatic robot control and automobile engine management. Key benefits of smart sensors include improved fuel efficiency, lower emissions, enhanced engine performance, and increased longevity.

Uploaded by

mayank gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit- I:

Sensors & Transducer: Definition, Classification &


selection of sensors, Measurement of displacement
using Potentiometer, LVDT & Optical Encoder,
Measurement of force using strain gauge,
Measurement of pressure using LVDT based
diaphragm & piezoelectric sensor.
Unit-II:
Measurement of temperature using Thermistor,
Thermocouple & RTD, Concept of thermal imaging,
Measurement of position using Hall effect sensors,
Proximity sensors: Inductive & Capacitive, Use of
proximity sensor as accelerometer and vibration
sensor, Flow Sensors: Ultrasonic & Laser, Level
Sensors: Ultrasonic & Capacitive.
Unit -III:
Virtual Instrumentation: Graphical programming
techniques, Data types, Advantage of Virtual
Instrumentation techniques, Concept of WHILE &
FOR loops, Arrays, Clusters & graphs, Structures:
Case, Sequence & Formula nodes, Need of software
based instruments for industrial automation.
Unit-IV:
Data Acquisition Methods: Basic block diagram,
Analog and Digital IO, Counters, Timers, Types of
ADC: successive approximation and sigma-delta,
Types of DAC: Weighted Resistor and R-2R Ladder
type, Use of Data Sockets for Networked
Communication.
Unit V:
Intelligent Sensors: General Structure of smart
sensors & its components, Characteristic of smart
sensors: Self calibration, Self-testing &
self-communicating, Application of smart sensors:
Automatic robot control & automobile engine
control.
Intelligent Sensors: A smart or intelligent sensor is more than just a basic sensor. It
can sense, process, and communicate data, making it more capable than a
traditional sensor.
General Structure of Intelligent sensors & its components
General Structure of Intelligent sensors & its components…
• Sensing unit
• Signal conditioning
• ADC
• Application algorithm
• Local user interface
• Memory
• Communication unit/ transreceiver
Intelligent sensors with
multi-sensing capability
Some Smart Sensors are
capable of multi-sensing and
can measure pressure,
temperature, humidity, gas
flow, and more.
Example:
•Sensing Unit: Thermistor detects the temperature change.
•Signal Conditioning: Amplifies and cleans the signal from the
thermistor.
•ADC: Converts the analog signal into digital data.
•Application Algorithm: Decides whether to turn on the heater or air
conditioner.
•Local User Interface: Allows the user to set and view the temperature
on the thermostat.
•Memory: Stores user settings and temperature history.
•Communication Unit: Sends and receives data to/from a smartphone
app via Wi-Fi.
Difference between an Intelligent sensor and a traditional sensor
Characteristic of Intelligent sensors:
∙ Self-Calibration
∙ Self-Testing
∙ Self-Communicating
Application of smart sensors
Automatic Robot Control
A robot has ability to :
• Touch
• Vision
• Hear
• Move
• Speak
• Sense environmental condition
Types of sensor used
Application of Smart Sensors: Automobile Engine Control
Automobile engine control is one of the most critical applications of smart
sensors in modern vehicles. Smart sensors play a crucial role in optimizing engine
performance, improving fuel efficiency, reducing emissions, and ensuring safety
and smooth operation. By monitoring various parameters in real-time and
communicating data to the vehicle’s Engine Control Unit (ECU), these sensors
enable intelligent control and management of the engine.
Benefits of Smart Sensors in Automobile Engine Control
1. Improved Fuel Efficiency: Smart sensors optimize air-fuel mixture and fuel
injection, reducing fuel consumption.
2. Lower Emissions: Real-time monitoring and control of emissions ensure that
vehicles meet environmental standards.
3. Enhanced Engine Performance: Accurate data enables the ECU to make
adjustments for smoother acceleration, better power delivery, and reduced
knocking.
4. Increased Engine Longevity: Smart sensors prevent conditions that cause
engine damage, such as overheating and knocking.
5. Seamless Communication with Other Systems: Smart sensors share data
with other systems in the vehicle, contributing to overall vehicle safety and
efficiency.

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