WEB TECHNOLOGY UNIT-1

SRES’s
SHREE RAMCHANDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Lonikand, Pune – 412216
Ref. №: SRCOE/COMP/2023-24/ Date: 15/1/2024

Sub: Web Technology Unit-1 Year:2023-2024

Web Essentials & Mark-up Language -HTML

1. List and discuss the different design issues in web development?[5](March 2019)
2. Define the following term
a. Website
b. Web page
c. Web server
d. URL
e. Home page [5](March 2019)
3. List and describe any five HTML tags?
4. Describe the steps involved when a web browser requests for and obtains a web page
from a web server.[5M] (March 2019)
5. Write and explain ant 5 differences between HTML and HTMl5.[5M] (APR2023)
(March 2019)
6. What are the strengths of XML technology? Explain the need of XML.[5] (March 2019)
7. Explain Following
a)WWW vs Internet
b)HTML heding tag with syntax [5] (APR2023)
8. Write HTML Code for GATE Examination registration page. Web page should have
elements such as textbox, password field, checkbox, radio button, Select box, Submit and
Reset button.[5] (APR2023)
9. Explain the HTTP request and HTTP response model in brief.[5] (APR2023)
10. What is CSS? Explain CSS Inheritance with example.[5] (APR2023)
11. Write HTML Code with example to explain internal and External CSS.[5](APR2023)

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1) List and discuss the different design issues in web development? [5](March 2019)

Browser Compatibility:- The web page should be properly displayed on different browsers like
chrome, Firefox , IE and mobile compatible browser like safari and opera Mini. Hence while
building website, the web pages should be checked on all possible browsers and os, with old
and latest versions.

Screen Resolution:- Usually common resolution of screen is 1024*768 pixels, but now there
is growing trend towards higher resolution. If the website is designed for higher resolution, it
may be possible that some low resolution screens may not be able to display contents.

Internet Speed:- Near about 50% of web users expect that the web page should be loaded
in 2 sec oe even less. Use of more images or heavy media like animations or video slow
down the downloading process of web pages.

Scalability:- Scalability is another issue which a developer need to keeps in mind while
developing. Scalability is the process of balancing the loads between the servers. scalability
factor comes into play when the traffic of a page of website suddenly increases. so the
developer should design the website in a way that additional servers can be added if needed.

Security:- Security is a factor which cannot be neglected at any cost because data breach can be
very harmful for any online business or any personal website. Developers need to consider
about many things when it comes to security like denial of service attacks, safety of users data
like name and contact information, database malfunctioning. unauthorized access, and other
security threats like phishing, ,shell injection and cross site scripting.

2. Define the following term

a. Website
b. Web page
c. Web server
d. URL
e. Home page [5](March 2019)

Ans.:
 WEB PAGE
A document which can be displayed in a web browser such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera,
Microsoft Edge, or Apple Safari. These are also often called just "pages."
A website is a collection of linked web pages (plus their associated resources) that share a
unique domain name. Each web page of a given website provides explicit links—most of the
time in the form of clickable portions of text—that allow the user to move from one page of the
website to another.
 WEBSITE

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A collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually connected together in
various ways. Often called a "website" or a "site."
A web server is a computer hosting one or more websites. "Hosting" means that all the web
pages and their supporting files are available on that computer. The web server will send
any web page from the website it is hosting to any user's browser, per user request.

 WEB SERVER
A computer that hosts a website on the Internet.
A web server is a computer hosting one or more websites. "Hosting" means that all the web
pages and their supporting files are available on that computer. The web server will send
any web page from the website it is hosting to any user's browser, per user request.

 URL:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique identifier used to locate a resource on the
Internet. It is also referred to as a web address. URLs consist of multiple parts -- including a
protocol and domain name -- that tell a web browser how and where to retrieve a resource.
A URL can also specify:
 A path to a specific page or file within a domain;
 A network port to use to make the connection;
 A specific reference point within a file, such as a named anchor in an HTML file;
and
 A query or search parameters used -- commonly found in URLs for search results.

Example:
When designing URLs, there are different theories about how to make the syntax most usable
for readers and archivists. For example, in the URL's path, dates, authors, and topics can be
included in a section referred to as the "slug." Consider, for example, the URL for this
definition:
https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/URL

 HOME PAGE:
A home page is the default or front page of a site. It is the first page that visitors see
when they load a URL. Web managers can control the home page as a way of directing the
user experience.
Home pages are located in the root directory of the website. Many home pages act as a virtual
directory for a site — they provide top-level menus where visitors can go deeper into various
areas of the site. For instance, a typical website has a homepage with menu items like “about,”
“contact,” “products,” “services,” “press” or “news.”
In addition, the home page often serves to orient visitors by providing titles, headlines
and images and visuals that show what the website is about, and in some cases, who owns it
and maintains it. One of the be.st examples is the average business website, which has the
business name in a prominent place, and often features the logo, while also showing pictures
related to that business, for instance, who works there, what the business produces, or what it

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does in a community.
A home page is part of the natural way that the Internet has emerged to oriented Web users
and help them navigate all of the many sites on the global network.

3) List and describe any five HTML tags?

Ans
1. Head Tag
The head tag <head> contains all the elements describing the document.
2. Title Tag
The title tag <title> specifies the HTML page title, which is shown in the browser’s title bar.
3. Body Tag
The body tag <body> is where you insert your web page’s content.
4. Paragraph Tag
A paragraph tag <p> is used to define a paragraph on a web page.
5. Heading Tag
The HTML heading tag is used to define the heading of the HTML document. The <h1> tag defines
the most important tag, and <h6> defines the least.

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4.Describe the steps involved when a web browser requests for and obtains a web page from a
web server. [5M] (March 2019)
1. Ans: You type an URL into address bar in your preferred browser.
2. To reach the host, it first needs to translate the human readable host into an IP
number, and it does this by doing a DNS lookup on the host
3. Then a socket needs to be opened from the user’s computer to that IP number,
on the port specified (most often port 80)
4. When a connection is open, the HTTP request is sent to the host
5. The host forwards the request to the server software (most often Apache) configured to
listen on the specified port
6. The server inspects the request (most often only the path), and launches the server
plugin needed to handle the request (corresponding to the server language you use,
PHP, Java, .NET, Python?)
7. The plugin gets access to the full request, and starts to prepare a HTTP response.
8. To construct the response a database is (most likely) accessed. A database search is
made, based on parameters in the path (or data) of the request
9. Data from the database, together with other information the plugin decides to add, is
combined into a long string of text (probably HTML).
10. The plugin combines that data with some meta data (in the form of HTTP headers), and
sends the HTTP response back to the browser.
11. The browser receives the response, and parses the HTML (which with 95% probability
is broken) in the response
12. A DOM tree is built out of the broken HTML
13. New requests are made to the server for each new resource that is found in the HTML
source (typically images, style sheets, and JavaScript files). Go back to step 3 and
repeat for each resource.
14. Stylesheets are parsed, and the rendering information in each gets attached to the
matching node in the DOM tree
15. Javascript is parsed and executed, and DOM nodes are moved and style information
is updated accordingly
16. The browser renders the page on the screen according to the DOM tree and the style
information for each node
17. You see the page on the screen
18. You get annoyed the whole process was too slow.

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5. Write and explain ant 5 differences between HTML and HTMl5. [5M] (APR2023) (March
2019)

6. What are the strengths of XML technology? Explain the need of XML. [5] (March 2019)

Advantages of XML include the following:

 XML uses human, not computer, language. XML is readable and understandable, even
by novices,
and no more difficult to code than HTML.
 XML is completely compatible with Java™ and 100% portable. Any application
that can process XML can use your information, regardless of platform.
 XML is extendable. Create your own tags, or use tags created by others, that use the
natural language of your domain, that have the attributes you need, and that makes
sense to you and your users.’

XML is widely used in the era of web development. It is also used to simplify data storage and data
sharing
1) XML separates data from HTML
2) XML simplifies data sharing
3) XML simplifies data transport

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7. Explain Following
a)WWW vs Internet
b)HTML heding tag with syntax [5] (APR2023)
ANS:

S.No. INTERNET WWW

1 Internet is a global network of WWW stands for World wide Web.
networks.
2 Internet is a means of connecting a World Wide Web which is a collectionof
computer to any other computer information which is accessed via
anywhere in the world. the Internet.
3 Internet is infrastructure. WWW is service on top of that
infrastructure.
4 Internet uses IP address. WWW uses HTTP.
5 The first version of the Internet was In the beginning WWW was known as
known as ARPANET. NSFNET.
6 Internet is primarily hardware-based. WWW is more software-oriented as
compared to the Internet.
7 It is originated sometimes in late English scientist Tim Berners-Lee
1960s. invented the WWW in 1989.

2) HTML Heading Tags with syntax :

A HTML heading or HTML h tag can be defined as a title or a subtitle which you want to
display on the webpage. When you place the text within the heading tags <h1>
................................................................................................................ </h1>, it is
displayed on the
browser in the bold format and size of the text depends on the number of heading

There are six different HTML headings which are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags, from highest
level h1 (main heading) to the least level h6 (least important heading).
h1 is the largest heading tag and h6 is the smallest one. So h1 is used for most important heading
and h6 is used for least important.
Example :

1. <h1>Heading no. 1</h1>

2. <h2>Heading no. 2</h2>
3. <h3>Heading no. 3</h3>
4. <h4>Heading no. 4</h4>

5. <h5>Heading no. 5</h5>

6. <h6>Heading no. 6</h6>

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Output:

8.Write HTML Code for GATE Examination registration page. Web page should have elements
such as textbox, password field, checkbox, radio button, Select box, Submit and Reset button.
[5] (APR2023)
ANS:
Code :

<Html>
<head>
<title>
Registr
ation
Page
</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="yellow">
<br>
<br>
<form>

<h1> GATE Examination Registration Form </h1>

<label> Firstname </label>
<input type="text" name="firstname" size="15"/> <br> <br>
<label> Middlename: </label>
<input type="text" name="middlename" size="15"/> <br> <br>
<label> Lastname: </label>
<input type="text" name="lastname" size="15"/> <br> <br>
<label> Password: </label>

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<input type="password" name="password" size="15"/> <br> <br>

<label>

Course :
</label>
<select>
<option value="Course">Course</option>
<option >Computer Engineering</option>
<option >Information Technology</option>
<option >Mechnical Engineering</option>
<option >Civil Engineering</option>
</select>

<br>
<br>
<label>
Choice of City :
</label><br><br>
<input type="checkbox" /> Nashik
<input type="checkbox" /> Pune
<input type="checkbox" /> Mumbai
<br>
<br>

<br>
<input type="radio" name="male"/> Male <br>
<input type="radio" name="female"/> Female <br>
<input type="radio" name="other"/> Other
<br>
<br>

<input type="Submit">
<input type="Reset">

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9. Explain the HTTP request and HTTP response model in brief. [5] (APR2023)
Ans:
Here’s how it works: a client, typically a web browser, sends a request for a resource to a server,
and the server sends back a response corresponding to the resource (or a response with an error
message if it can’t process the request for some reason). A resource can be a number of things,
such as a simple HTML file returned verbatim to the browser or a program that generates the
response dynamically. This request/response model is illustrated in Figure

HTTP and all extended protocols based on HTTP are based on a very simple communications
model.
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HTTP Request :
HTTP Requests are messages which are sent by the client or user to initiate an action on the
server.
The first line of the message includes the request message from the client to the server, the
methodwhich is applied to the resource, identifier of the resource, and the protocol version.

Syntax
Request = Request-Line
*(( general-header
| request-header
| entity-
header )
CRLF)CRLF
[ message-body ]
HTTP Response :
HTTP Response sent by a server to the client. The response is used to provide the client
with the resource it requested. It is also used to inform the client that the action requested
has been carriedout. It can also inform the client that an error occurred in processing its
request.

An HTTP response contains the following things:

1. Status Line
2. Response Header Fields or a series of HTTP headers
3. Message Body
In the request message, each HTTP header is followed by a carriage returns line feed
(CRLF). Afterthe last of the HTTP headers, an additional CRLF is used and then begins the
message body

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10. What is CSS? Explain CSS Inheritance with example. [5]

(APR2023)
ANS: : CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
 CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to format the layout of a webpage.
 With CSS, you can control the color, font, the size of text, the spacing between
elements, how elements are positioned and laid out, what background images or
background colors are to be used, different displays for different devices and screen
sizes, and much more.
 CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:
Inline - by using the style attribute inside HTML
elements Internal - by using a <style> element in
the <head> section
External - by using a <link> element to link to an external CSS file

CSS inheritance describes how certain styles are initialized or computed depending on the
CSS property and whether a value was set. Some properties are inherited with an initial,
default value. Other properties are non-inherited and set to the computed value of its
containing element by default.

Example :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>

<style>
#parentclass { color: black;

#child1 {
color: green;
}

#chilchild1 {color: red;

}
</style>
</head>

<body>

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<div
id=
"div
1">
Par
ent
<div
id="c
hild1
">
Child
1
<div
id="childc
hild1">
Child
Child 1
<div
id="childchildc
hild1">Child
Child Child
</div>
</div>
<div
id="childc
hild2">
Child
Child 2
</div>
</div>
<div
id="c
hild2
">
Child
2
</div>
</d
v>
</b
od
y>

</html>

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11. Write HTML Code with example to explain internal and External CSS. [5](APR2023)

1. ANS: External CSS :

• With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by
changing just onefile!
• Each page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the
<link> element. The <link> element goes inside the <head> section:
• Example
• <head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>

Example :
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

"mystyle.css"

body {

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background-color: lightblue;
}

color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;

2. Internal CSS :

 An internal style sheet may be used if one single page has a unique style.
 Internal styles are defined within the <style> element, inside the <head> section of
an HTMLpage

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>

background-color: linen;
}

h1 {
color:
maroon;
margin-left:
40px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>

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<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Prepared By HOD Principal

Mrs.Mangala S Biradar Mr.Shinde B A Dr. K. Sujatha

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