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Chapter 1 صيانه

The document provides an overview of computer maintenance, detailing essential components such as the motherboard, CPU, input/output units, and storage methods. It explains the functions of various parts, including cards, ports, and the power supply unit, emphasizing their roles in the overall operation of a personal computer. Additionally, it outlines the differences between permanent and temporary data storage.

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18 views22 pages

Chapter 1 صيانه

The document provides an overview of computer maintenance, detailing essential components such as the motherboard, CPU, input/output units, and storage methods. It explains the functions of various parts, including cards, ports, and the power supply unit, emphasizing their roles in the overall operation of a personal computer. Additionally, it outlines the differences between permanent and temporary data storage.

Uploaded by

marwa.7777bin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1 Computer Maintenance

COMPUTER INSTALLATION
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
1. Personal Computer
2. Mother board
3. Cards
4. Chips
5. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
6. Input unit
7. Output unit
8. Programs
9. Saving
10. Power Supply Unit
WHAT A COMPUTER LOOKS LIKE
COMPUTER CASE

A computer case, also known as a


computer chassis, is the enclosure that
contains most of the hardware of a
personal computer.
FRONT PANEL OF
COMPUTER
The case design is different from
manufacture to manufacture.
COMPUTER PORT
From top to bottom  :
COMPUTER POWER
COMPUTER COMPONENTS IN DETAILS
The components of the computer are designed to be error-free when installed
together, especially the feeder cables. This means there is no fear of damage or
malfunctions.
1. MOTHER BOARD
• It includes the processor chip, the RAM memory chip, the ROM memory chip, and
several connection places for screen, sound, and fax cards, in addition to connecting
and disconnecting points called jumpers to determine the processor options and some
other options.
• In general, all computers contain a main board, from primitive systems up to the
latest systems.
• The main panel is installed using a set of plastic nails or spacers.
2. CARDS
It is considered an important and necessary part of the computer, especially the
display card, which is the link between the screen and the device. There are also
other cards, such as a sound card, a fax card, and a TV card.

­ Display cards: is responsible for calculating images in a computer, which can then be
displayed on a monitor.
­ Controller Card: Because they are used to connect many input and output devices with the
computer.
3. PORTS
• Serial port is able to transmit a
single stream of data at a time.
For example, USB port.
• parallel port is able to transmit
multiple data streams at a time.
For example: printers, monitors,
projectors.
4. CHIPS
It is a group of various types of
electronic parts that are very small and
compressed within a silicon chip called
integrated circuits.
• North Bridge, used to connect the processor with
the memory.
• South Bridge, used to connect the North Bridge
with the rest of the cards and ports.

control chips
5. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
• It is an integrated electronic chip to
processes the entered data and
provides the results.
• The name C.P.U is an abbreviation
for Central Processing Unit, which
determines the type of computer
and its speed.
6. INPUT UNIT
These are the means used to enter the information to be processed into the computer
and can be defined as follows:
­ Keyboard
­ Mouse
­ Light pen
­ Scanner
7. OUTPUT UNIT
These are the means used to extract data from the computer, view it, match it, and
then print it. They can be defined as follows:
­ Screen
­ Printer
8. PROGRAMS
It is a set of commands and instructions that are applied to the computer to organize
the work at all stages of the work and then show the results in the form of messages
that appear on the screen and can be followed step by step.
9. SAVING
Used to store the necessary data and instructions within the computer.
It comes in several forms:
A. Data is saved permanently on an integrated chip on which deletion, modification, or
additions cannot be made, and it is not affected by electrical changes or even a complete
power outage, as in permanent memory ROM installed on the main board.
B. Data is saved temporarily on an integrated chip so that deletion and modification can be
performed and adding to it is as in temporary memory (RAM), where a copy of any work
we do, whether drawing or writing, is downloaded, but its contents are lost when the power
goes out or the device stops working (Power Off).
C. Data is saved in the form of magnetic changes on the hard or floppy disk permanently
and can be accessed and modified as desired.
10. POWER SUPPLY UNIT
It is the unit of the main source of electrical energy
needed to operate the computer.
Note that:
v The general network current is alternating or
variable current.
v The computer current is direct current.

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