EXPERIMENT 6

AM: To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by ploti,
cooling curve.
APPARATUS

Newton's law of cooling apparatus (a thin-walled copper calorimeter suspended in adouble

walled encdosure), two thermometers, clamp and stand, stop clock/watch.
 na/Aodaaton 183

Newton'slawotoong taten that the ate of tooing to vate of los f heat) da body is
ethprotnal
tothe temperature dlifference bet ween the hody and its ourrrnndings, prren
adfferene in snall
emperat1ute s

Q
dt (T T)
Av of mass m, specifc heat s, temperature Tkept in
Q- maT
surrounding of temperature I
Wehave,

dQ dT
Rate ofcooling, dt dt

dT
Hence,
ms
dt (T-T)
dT
dt (T-T) ( ms - constant)

As timeincreases, T decreases, (T - T) decreases, hence rate of fall oftemperature dT

rnust
dt
80 decrease.

DAGRAM
Clamp Thernometor

Stirror
Lid
Calorimotor

Water
Stand Double
walled
onclosuro

Fig. Newton's law ol coolng apparatus.

ROCEDURE
1.
theFill space between double wall of the enclosure with water and put the enclosure on a
laFiborat
l ltheory table.
calorimeter two-third with water heatedto about 80°C.
 lnpake Prortea
184
Corer
enckosure along wth a stirrer in it
Suspend the calor1meter Insde the
adSuspend
havnga holeclamp
from in itsandmaddle
stand onethermometer in enxiosure water and the oothet c r

water

Note least count of the thermometers

least count.
Set the stopclock/watch at zetoand note its
7 Note temperature (T) of water in endosure
cool uniformly.
Start stirringthe water in calorimeter to make it termperature reading (say 70c
3 Just when calorimeter r water has some convenient
10 start the stopclock/watch
Continue stirring and note temperature after every one minute. Ihe temperaturefalls quc

in the beginning
water temperature after every five minutes.
1
12 Whenenclosure
Note fall of termperature becomes slow note temperature at interval of two mnutes for

10minutes and then at interval of 5 minutes.

13. Stop when fall of temperature becomes very slow.
14. Record your observations as given ahead.
OBSERVATIONS
=... C
Least count of enclosure water thermometer
=.....
Least count of calorimeter water thermometer
=.... S.
Least count of stopclock/watch
Table for time and temperature
Serial Time for Temperature of water Temperature of Difference
water in enclosure
No. cooling in calorimeter of temperature
t (mt) T (°C) T, (°C) T-I, (O)
of Obs.
70 30 40
1.

68 38
2. 1

66 36
3 2

3 64 34
4.

4 62 32
5.

5 61 30 31
6.

7. 6 60 30

7 59 29
8

9 8 58 28

9 56 26
10.

11. 10 54 30 24
 53

51 1
14

49 19

46 16

20
44 30 14

42 30 12
25
38 30
30

36 30
35

40 35 30

45 34 30

jdeal.observationss are given as sample.)

(Note. The
CALCULLATIONS
1Termperature of water in enclosure will be found to remain same. If not then take its mean as

difference (T -T).
2Find temperature
Plot agraph between time t and temperature T, taking t along X-axis and Talong Y-ais. The graph
Comessto be as shown in below. It is called'coolingcurve' of the liquid.

Graph between time and temperature

Scale :
Y4 X-axis :1 cm =5 minutes of t
Y-axis : 1cm = 5°C of T
70
C 65
in COOLING CURVE
9 60
(T)
Temperature
55

50

45

40

35

30 45 X
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (t) in minute

Graph between time (t) and temperature (0)-cooling curve.

186 Comprehenslue Practical Physics-
RESULT
lhe temperature falls quickly in the beginning and then slowly as difference of
goes on decreasing,
This is an agreement with Newton's law of cooling. temperature
PRECAUTIONS
1. Double--walled enclosure should be used to maintain surrounding at a constant
2. Stirring should remain contÉnuous for uniform cooling.

SOURCES OF BRROR
ctemperature
1. Surrounding temperature may change.