 Example : Arithmetic Operator

<?php
$a=20;
$b=10;

$c = $a + $b;
echo "Addition is $c";

$c = $a - $b;
echo "<br>Substraction is ".$c;

$c = $a * $b;
echo "<br>Multiplication is ".$c;

$c = $a / $b;
echo "<br>Division is ".$c;

$c = $a % $b;
echo "<br>Moduls is ".$c;
?>
 Example : Assignment Operator
<?php

$a=20;

$b=40;

$c=10;

$d=20;

$e=10;

echo "Addition is ".$a += 20;

 echo "<br>Substraction is ".$b -= 20;;

echo "<br>Multiplication is ".$c *= 10;

echo "<br>Division is ".$d /= 10;

echo "<br>Moduls is ".$e %= 5;

?>

 Example : Comparison Operator

<?php
$a=20;
$b=10;

if($a == $b)
{
echo "<br>Both are equal";
}
else
{
echo "<br>Both are not equal";
}

if($a < $b)

{
echo "<br>a is less than b";
}
else
{
echo "<br>a is greater than b";
}

if($a != $b)
 {
echo "<br>a is not equal to b";
}
?>
 Example : Conditional Operator
<?php
$a=20;
$b=10;

($a>$b)? $c = "A is greater":$c="B is greater";

echo $c;

echo "<br>";
$s = "Rasmus ";
$nm = $s."Ledorf";
echo $nm;

?>

 Example : Logical Operator

<?php
$a=20;
$b=10;
$c=30;

if($a>$b && $a>$c)

{
echo "<br>a is maximum";
}
else if($b>$a and $b>$c)
{
 echo "<br>b is maximum";
}

else
{
echo "<br>c is maximum";
}

if($a>$b || $a>$c)
{
echo "<br>This statement executed if at least one expression true";
}
?>
 Example : Simple If
<?php
$a=20;
echo "Good Afternoon";
if($a==20)
{
echo "<br>Hava a nice day";
}
echo "<br>Thanks for visit";

?>
 Example : If Else
<?php
$a=20;
echo "Good Afternoon";
if($a==20)
{
echo "<br>Hava a good day";
 }
else
{
echo "<br>Hava a nice day";
}
echo "<br>Thanks for visit";
?>
 Example : If…ElseIf
<?php
$per=75;

if($per>=70)
{
echo "Distinction";
}
else if($per>=60)
{
echo "First Class";
}
else if($per>=50)
{
echo "Second Class";
}
else if($per>=40)
{
echo "Pass Class";
}
else
{
echo "Fail";
}
?>

 Example : Switch Case

<?php
$month=7;
switch($month)
{
case 1:
echo "Monday";
break;
case 2:
echo "Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
echo "Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
echo "Thursday";
break;
case 5:
echo "Friday";
break;
case 6:
echo "Saturday";
break;
case 7:
echo "Sunday";
break;
default:
echo "Invalid day";
}
?>
 Example : Break Statement
<?php
error_reporting(0);
for($i<=1;$i<=10;$i++)
{
if($i==5)
{
break;
}
else
{
echo $i;
}
echo "<br>";
}

?>
 Example : Continue Statement
<?php
error_reporting(0);
for($i<=1;$i<=10;$i++)
{
if($i%2==0)
{
continue;
}
else
{
echo $i;
}
 echo "<br>";
}

?>
 Example : While Loop
<?php
$n=1;
while($n<=10)
{
echo $n;
echo "<br>";
$n++;
}

?>
 Example : Do-While Loop
<?php
$n=1;
do
{
echo $n;
echo "<br>";
$n++;
}while($n<=10);

?>
 Example : For Loop
<?php
//error_reporting(0);
for($i<=1;$i<=10;$i++)
{
 echo $i;
echo "<br>";
}

?>
 Example : Simple Array
<?php

error_reporting(0);

$subj = array("PHP","C++","DS","Java");

echo "Value of Index 0=".$subj[0];

echo "<br>";

print_r($subj);

echo "<br>";

$stud_nm = array();

$stud_nm[] = "Rasmus";

$stud_nm[] = "Andy";

$stud_nm[] = "Tom";

$stud_nm[] = "James";

echo "Value of Index 3=".$stud_nm[3];

echo "<br>";

print_r($stud_nm);

?>
  Example : Associative Array
<?php
$emp = array(
"name" => "Andy",
"desig" => "Programmer",
"age" => 25
);
echo $emp["name"];
echo "<br>";
foreach($emp as $key=>$val)
{
echo $key." = ".$val;
echo "<br>";
}

?>
 Function
 A function is a self-contained block of code that can be called by your
scripts.
 When called, the functions code is executed.
 You can pass values to functions, which they then work with. When
finished, a function can pass a value back to the calling code.
 Syntax :
function function_nm($arg1, $arg2,…., $argn)
{
// Function Code
}
 Example :
<?php

function demo()

{
 echo "<h1>Hello from function</h1>";

demo();

?>

 User Defined Function (UDF)

1) ARGUMENT FUNCTION
 Information may be passed to functions via the argument list, which is a
comma-delimited list of expressions.
 PHP support passing arguments by value, passing by reference, and default
argument values.
 Variable length argument lists are supported only in PHP 4 and later.
 Example :

function sum($a,$b)

$ans = $a + $b;

echo "Ans is : ".$ans;

sum(10,20);

2)DEFAULT ARGUMENT
 A function may define C++ style default values for scalar arguments.
 You can write yout function to have default values.
 For Example you can define an argument as having a default value, which
the parameters for that argumenys will adopt when the function call,
provided you don’t pass a value in for that argument.
 Example :
 function makecoffee($type="cappuccino")

echo "Making a cup of $type<br>";

echo makecoffee();

echo makecoffee("milk");

3) VARIABLE FUNCTION
 PHP support the concept of variable function.
 This means that if a variable name has parantheses appended to it, PHP will
look for a function with the same name as whatever the variable evaluates
to, and will attempt to execute it.
 Variable function wont work with language construct such as echo(),
print(), unset(), isset(), empty().
 Example :

function test()

echo "Test function called using variable functions";

$fun_holder = "test";

$fun_holder();

4) RETURN FUNCTION
 Values are returned by using the optional return statement.
 Any type may be returned, including lists and objects.
 This causes the function to end its execution immediately and pass control
back to the line from which it was called.
 Example :

function square($a)

$s = $a* $a;

echo "Square of $a is $s";

square(8);

?>

 Example : Variable Scope : Local , Global , Static

 Static Scope
 Normally, when a function is completed/executed, all of its
variables are deleted. However, sometimes we want a local
variable NOT to be deleted. We need it for a further job.
 To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the
variable.
 Example :
<?php

function myTest()
{
static $x = 0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}
 myTest();
myTest();
myTest();

 Local Scope
 A variable declared within a function has a LOCAL SCOPE and can only be
accessed within that function.
 Example :
function myTest()
{
$x = 5; // local scope
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
myTest();

// using x outside the function will generate an error

echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";

 Global Scope
 A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE and can only be
accessed outside a function.
 The global keyword is used to access a global variable from within a
function.
 To do this, use the global keyword before the variables (inside the
function).
 Example :
$x = 5; // global scope
function myTest()
{
// using x inside this function will generate an error
echo "<p>Variable x inside function is: $x</p>";
}
 myTest();
echo "<p>Variable x outside function is: $x</p>";

$x = 5;
$y = 10;

function myTest()
{
global $x, $y;
$y = $x + $y;
}

myTest();
echo $y; // outputs 15

?>
 Example : Variable Length Argument Function
1) func_num_args()
 Return the number of arguments passed into the current user defined
function.
 This function will generate a warning if called from outside of a user
defined function.
 Syntax :
int func_num_args()
 Example :

<?php

function test()

$numargs = func_num_args();

echo "Number of arguments is : $numargs";

 }

test(2,3);

2)func_get_arg()
 Return an item from the argument list.
 Function arguments are counted starting from zero.
 Syntax :
mixed func_get_arg(int arg_num)
 Example :
<?php

function test()

$numargs = func_num_args();

echo "Number of arguments is : $numargs";

if($numargs >=2)

echo "The second argument is:".func_get_arg(1);

test(10,20,30);

3) func_get_args()
 Return an array comprising a function argument list.
 It will generate a warning if called from outside a function definition.
 Syntax :
 array func_get_args()
 Example :
<?php

function test()

$numargs = func_num_args();

echo "Number of arguments is : $numargs";

if($numargs >=2)

echo "The second argument is:".func_get_arg(1);

$arg_list = func_get_args();

for($i=0;$i<$numargs;$i++)

echo "Argument $i is: ".$arg_list[$i]."<br>";

test(1,2,3);

?>

 Example : Variable Function

 gettype()
 This function will return the type of a variable.
 Syntax :
 String gettype(mixed var)
 settype()
 Set the type of variable.
 Syntax :
Bool settype(mixed var, string type)
 isset()
 Determine whether a variable is set or not.
 Syntax :
bool isset(mixed var)
 unset()
 unset a given variable.
 Syntax :
Void unset(mixed var)
 strval()
 Get string value of a variable.
 Syntax :
String strval(mixed var)
 intval()
 Get integer value of a variable.
 Syntax :
int intval(mixed var)
 floatval()
 Get float value of a variable.
 Syntax :
float floatval(mixed var)
 Example :
<?php
error_reporting(0);
//gettype()
$test;
print gettype($test);
$test=15;
print "<br>".gettype($test);
$test="Hello";
print "<br>".gettype($test);
$test=true;
print "<br>".gettype($test);

//settype()
$var = 3.14;
echo gettype($var);

settype($var,string);
echo "<br>".gettype($var);

settype($var,int);
echo "<br>".gettype($var);
echo "<br>".$var;

settype($var,bool);
echo "<br>".gettype($var);
echo "<br>".$var;

//isset() and unset()

$a = "";
if(isset($a))
{
echo "variable a is defined";
}
else
{
echo "variable a is not defined";
}
echo "<br>";
if(isset($b))
{
echo "variable b is defined";
}
else
{
echo "variable b is not defined";
}
unset($a);
echo "<br>";
if(isset($a))
{
echo "variable a is defined";
}
else
{
echo "variable a is not defined";
}

//strval()
$var = 3.14;
$mystr1 = strval($var);
echo $mystr1;

//intval()
$mystr2 = intval($var);
echo "<br>".$mystr2;

//floatval()
$mystr3 = floatval($var);
 echo "<br>".$mystr3;
?>
 Array Library Function
1) Count()
Count how many element in an array.
Syntax : Int count(mixed var)
Example : $a[0]=10;
$a[1]=10;
echo $res = count($a);
$a[2]=10;
$a[3]=10;
echo "<br>".$res = count($a);

2) list()
Assign variable as if they were an array.
List is used to assign a list of variables in one operation.
Syntax : Void list(mixed varname, mixed…)
Example :
$info = array('coffee','brown','caffeine');
list($drink,$color,$power)=$info;
echo "$drink is $color and $power makes it special";

3) in_array()
Check if value exist in an array or not
Syntax : Bool in_array(mixed needle, array haystack)
Example :
$arr = array("php","unix","java","ds");
if(in_array("php",$arr))
{
echo "php is in an array";
}
else
{
echo "it is not in an array";
}

4) current()
Return the current element in an array.
Syntax : Mixed current(array arr)

5) next()
Advance the internal array pointer of an array.
Syntax : Mixed next(array arr)

6) prev()
Rewind the internal array pointer.
Syntax : Mixed prev(array arr)

7) end()
set the internal pointer of an array to its last element
Syntax : mixed end(array arr)
Example :
$transport = array("bike","car","plane","honda");
echo "Current Element is = ".current($transport);
echo "<br>Next Element is = ".next($transport);
echo "<br>Prev. Element is = ".prev($transport);
echo "<br>Last Element is = ".end($transport);

8) each()
Return the current key and value pair from an array.
Syntax : Array each(array arr)
Example :
$foo = array("andy","rubin","james","rasmus");
$bar = each($foo);
print_r($bar);
9) sort()
This function sort an array. Element will be arranged from lowest to highest
when this function has been completed.
Syntax : Bool sort(array arr)
Example :
$fruit = array("lemon","orange","banana","apple");
sort($fruit);
foreach($fruit as $key => $val)
{
echo "fruit[$key] = $val<br>";
}

10) rsort()
sort an array in reverse order.
Syntax : Bool rsort(array arr)
Example :
$fruit = array("lemon","orange","banana","apple");
rsort($fruit);
foreach($fruit as $key => $val)
{
echo "fruit[$key] = $val<br>";
}

11) asort()
Sort an array and maintain index association.
Syntax : Bool asort(array arr)
Example :
$fruits = array(
"d"=>"lemon",
"a"=>"orange",
"b"=>"banana",
"c"=>"apple"
 );
asort($fruits);
foreach($fruits as $key=>$val)
{
echo "$key=$val";
echo "<br>";
}

12) array_merge()
Merge one or more array.
Syntax : array array_merge(array arr1 [,array arr2….])
Example :
$arr1 = array("C","C++","DS","Java");
$arr2 = array("Ruby","Perl","Android","iPhone");
$res = array_merge($arr1,$arr2);
print_r($res);

13) array_reverse()
Reverse an array with element in reverse order.
Syntax : Array array_reverse(array arr)
Example :
$arr1 = array("C","C++","DS","Java");
print_r(array_reverse($arr1));

14) array_diff()
It return an array containing all value of arr1 that are not present in any of the
other arguments.
Syntax : array array_diff(array arr1,array arr2)
Example :
$arr1 = array("a"=>"green","red","blue","red");
$arr2 = array("b"=>"green","yellow","red");
$res = array_diff($arr1,$arr2);
print_r($res);
15) array_shift()
Shift an element off the beginning of array. Shift the first value of the array off
and return it.
Syntax : Mixed array_shift(array arr)
Example :
$stack = array("lemon","orange","banana","apple");
$fruit = array_shift($stack);
print_r($fruit);

16) array_slice()
It return the sequence of element from the array as specified by offset and
length elements.
Syntax : Array array_slice(array arr, int offset[,int len])
Example :
$input = array("a","b","c","d","e");
print_r(array_slice($input,2));
echo "<br>";
print_r(array_slice($input,2,-1));
echo "<br>";
print_r(array_slice($input,-2,1));

17) array_unique()
Remove duplicate value from an array.
Syntax : Array array_unique(array arr)
Example :
$input = array("a"=>"green","red","b"=>"green","blue","red");
$res = array_unique($input);
print_r($res);

18) array_unshift()
Prepend one or more element to the beginning of the array.
Syntax : Int array_unshift(array arr,mixed var)
Example :
$queue = array("orange","rasberry");
array_unshift($queue,"apple","banana");
print_r($queue);

19) array_keys()
Return all the keys of an array.
Syntax : Array array_keys(array arr)
Example :
$arr = array(0=>100,"color"=>"red");
print_r(array_keys($arr));

20) array_key_exists()
Check if the given key or index exist in the array or not.
Syntax : Bool array_key_exists(mixed key, array search)
Example :
$arr = array("first"=>"php","second"=>"ds");
if(array_key_exists("first",$arr))
{
echo "First element is in an array";
}

21) array_push()
push one or more element onto the end of an array.
Syntax :Int array_push(array arr,mixed var)
Example :
$x = array("orange","banana");
array_push($x,"apple","rasberry");
print_r($x);

22) array_pop()
Pop the elements off the end of array.
Syntax : Mixed array_pop(array arr)
Example :
$stack = array("orange","banana","apple","rasberry");
$fruit = array_pop($stack);
print_r($stack);

 Example : String Library Function

1) chr()
Return a one character string containing the character specified by ascii.
Syntax : string chr(int ascii)
Example :
echo chr(65);
echo "<br>".chr(97);

2) ord()
Return the ASCII value of the first character of string.
Syntax : int ord(string str)
Example :
echo ord("A");
echo "<br>".ord("Hello");

3) strtolower()
Return string with all alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.
Syntax : string strtolower(string str)
Example :
echo strtolower("B.V. DHANAK COLLEGE");

4) strtoupper()
Return string with all alphabetic characters converted to uppercase.
Syntax : string strtolower(string str)
Example :
echo strtoupper("b.v. dhanak college");
5) strlen()
Return the length of the given string.
Syntax : int strlen(string str)
Example :
echo strlen("wel come");

6) ltrim()
Remove white space from the beginning of a string.
Syntax : String ltrim(string s)
Example :
$str = " Welcome";
echo "Before trimming Length is = ".strlen($str);
$str = ltrim($str);
echo "<br> After trimming Length is = ".strlen($str);

7) rtrim()
Remove white space from the end of a string.
Syntax : String rtrim(string s)
Example :
$str = "Welcome ";
echo "Before trimming Length is = ".strlen($str);
$str = rtrim($str);
echo "<br> After trimming Length is = ".strlen($str);

8) trim()
Remove white space from the beginning and ending of a string.
Syntax : String trim(string s)
Example :
$str = " Welcome ";
echo "Before trimming Length is = ".strlen($str);
$str = trim($str);
echo "<br> After trimming Length is = ".strlen($str);
9) substr()
Return part of a string.
Syntax : String substr(string s, int start [, int length])
Example :

echo substr("abcdef",-1);
echo "<br>".substr("abcdef",-2);
echo "<br>".substr("abcdef",-3,1);

10) strcmp()
Binary safe string comparison.
Syntax : int strcmp(string str1, string str2)
Return < 0 if str1 is less than str2, > 0 if str1 is greater than str2, and 0 if they
are equal.
Example :
echo strcmp("Hello","hello");

11) strcasecmp()
Binary safe case- insensitive string comparison.
Syntax : int strcasecmp(string str1, string str2)
Example :

$var1 = "dhanak";
$var2 = "DHANAK";
if(strcasecmp($var1,$var2)==0)
{
echo "$var1 is equal to $var2 in a case insensitive string comparison";
}

12) strpos()
Find position of first occurance of a string.
Syntax : int strpos(string haystack, mixed needle)
 Example :
$str = "abc";
$find = 'a';
$pos = strpos($str,$find);
if($str == false)
{
echo "The string $find was not found in the string $str";
}
else
{
echo "The string $find was found in the string $str and exists at
position $pos";
}
13) strrpos()
Find position of last occurance of a string.
Syntax : int strrpos(string haystack, mixed needle)
Example :
$newstr = "abcdef abcdef";
echo $pos = strrpos($newstr,'a');
14) strstr()
Find first occurance of a string.
Syntax : string strstr(string haystack, string needle)
Example :
$email = "[email protected]";
echo $domain = strstr($email,'@');
15) stristr()
case insensitive of strstr().
Syntax : string stristr(string haystack, string needle)
Example :
$email = "[email protected]";
echo $domain = stristr($email,'L');

16) str_replace()
Replace all occurance of the search string with the replacement string.
Syntax : string str_replace (mixed search, mixed replace, mixed subject)
Example :
$vowels = array("a","e","i","o","u","A","E","I","O","U");
echo $x = str_replace($vowels,"*","Hello world of PHP");
17) strrev()
Return reverse a string.
Syntax : String strrev(String str)
Example :
echo strrev("Hello");
18) print()
output a string
Syntax : int print(String arg)
Example :
print("Hello world");
print "<br>print() also work without breakets";
print "<br>This spans
multiple lines. The newline will be
output as well";
19) explode()
This function convert string into an array.
Syntax : array(String separator, String str)
Example :
$str = "andy rasmus ledorf rubin";
$arr = explode(" ",$str);
print_r($arr);

20) implode()
This function convert array into string.
Syntax : string implode(String glue, array pieces)
Example :
$arr = array("fname","lname","email");
$comma_seprated = implode(",",$arr);
 echo $comma_seprated;
21) md5()
Calculate the md5 hash of a string.
Syntax : string md5(String s)
Example :
$str = "apple";
if(md5($str) == "1f3870be274f6c49b3e31a0c6728957f")
{
echo "would you like a green or red apple";
}
22) str_split()
Convert a string into an array.
Syntax : array str_split(String s [,int split_length])
Example :
$str = "Hello world";
$arr1 = str_split($str);
print_r($arr1);
echo "<br>";
$arr1 = str_split($str,3);
print_r($arr1);

23) substr_count()
Count the number of substring occurances.
Syntax : int substr_count(String haystack, string needle)
Example :
echo substr_count("This is a test","is");

24) ucfirst()
Makes string first character uppercase.
Syntax : String ucfirst(String str)
Example :
echo ucfirst("welcome To LAMP");
25) ucwords()
Uppercase the first character of each words in a string.
Syntax : string ucwords(String s)
Example :
echo ucwords("welcome to lAMP");

 Example : Maths Library Function

1) abs()

Return absolute value.

Syntax : number abs(mixed number)

Example : echo abs(-4);

echo "<br>".abs(5);

2) ceil()

Round Fractions up.

Syntax : float ceil(float value)

Example : echo ceil(4.3);

echo "<br>".ceil(9.99);

3) floor()

Round fractions down.

Syntax : float floor(float value)

Example : echo floor(4.3);

echo "<br>".floor(9.99);
4) round()

Returns the rounded value of val.

Syntax : float round(float val)

Example : echo round(3.4);

echo "<br>".round(3.5);

echo "<br>".round(3.6);

5) fmod()

Return the floating point reminder of dividing the dividend(x) by the

divisor(y).

Syntax : float fmod(float x, float y)

Example : echo fmod(10,3);

6) min()

Find minimum value from a list.

Syntax : mixed min(number arg1, number arg2,….)

Example : echo min(2,5,4,6,8,9);

7) max()

Find maximum value from a list.

Syntax : mixed max(number arg1, number arg2,….)

Example : echo max(2,5,4,6,8,9);

8) pow()
Return base raised to the power of exp.

Syntax : Number pow(number base, number exp)

Example : echo pow(2,2);

9) sqrt()

Return square root.

Syntax : Float sqrt(float arg)

Example : echo sqrt(25);

10) exp()

Calculate the exponent of e

Syntax : Float exp(float arg)

Example : echo exp(5.7);

11) rand()

Generate a random integer number.

Syntax : Int rand([int min, int max])

Example : echo rand();

echo "<br>".rand(5,15);

12) cos()

Return the cosine value.

Syntax : Float cos(float arg)

Example : echo cos(0.70);

13) acos()

Return the arc cosine value.

Syntax : Float acos(float arg)

Example : echo "<br>".acos(0.65);

14) sin()

Return the sine value.

Syntax : Float sin(float arg)

Example : echo sin(60);

15) asin()

Return the arc sine value.

Syntax : Float asin(float arg)

Example : echo asin(0.35);

16) tan()

Return the tangent value.

Syntax : Float tan(float arg)

Example : echo "<br>".tan(1.23);

17) atan()

Return the arc tangent value.

Syntax : Float atan(float arg)

Example : echo "<br>".atan(1.23);

18) bindec()

Return binary to decimal

Syntax : Int bindec( String binary_string)

Example : echo bindec("110011");

echo "<br>".bindec("1111");

19) decbin()

Return decimal to binary.

Syntax : String decbin(int number)

Example : echo decbin("12");

echo "<br>".decbin("15");

20) hexdec()

Return hexadecimal to decimal

Syntax : Int hexdec(String hex_string)

Example : var_dump(hexdec("f"));

 File Handling (File System) Function

1) fopen()

Open a file.

Syntax : resource fopen(String filenm, string mode)

Mode Description
R Opening for reading only
r+ Opening for reading and writing
W Open for writing only
 w+ Open for reading and writing only
A Open for writing only
a+ Open for reading and writing

2) fread()

It is used to read data from a file.

Syntax : String fread(resource handle, int length)

3) fclose()

Closes an open file pointer.

Syntax : Bool fclose(resource handle)

Example :

$filename = "abc.txt";

$handle = fopen($filename,"r");

$content = fread($handle,filesize($filename));

echo $content;

fclose($handle);

4) fwrite()

It is used to write the content of string to the file stream pointed to

by handle.

Syntax : Int fwrite(resource handle, String s)

Example :

$filename = "abc.txt";
$newline = "add this to the file";

$handle = fopen($filename,"a");

fwrite($handle,$newline);

fclose($handle);

5) file_exists()

Checks whether a file or directory exists or not.

Syntax : Bool file_exists(String filenm)

Example :

$filename = "abc.txt";

if(file_exists($filename))

echo "The file $filename exists";

else

echo "The file $filename does not exists";

6) is_readable()

Tells whether the filename is readable or not.

Syntax : Bool is_readable(String filenm)

Example :

$filename = "abc.txt";

if(is_readable($filename))

echo "The file is readable";

else

echo "The file is not readable";

7) is_writable()

Tells whether the filename is writable or not.

Syntax : Bool is_writable(String filenm)

Example :

$filename = "abc.txt";

if(is_writable($filename))

echo "The file is writable";

else
{

echo "The file is not writable";

8) fgets()

Get line from file pointer.

Syntax : String fgets(resource handle[,int len])

Example :

$handle = fopen("xyz.txt","r");

while(!feof($handle))

$buffer = fgets($handle,4096);

echo $buffer;

fclose($handle);

9) fgetc()

Get a character from the given file pointer.

Syntax : String fgetc(resource handle)

Example :

$fp = fopen("abc.txt","r");

if(!$fp)
{

echo "could not open file";

while(false !== ($char = fgetc($fp)))

echo "$char<br>";

fclose($fp);

10) file()

Reads entire file into an array.

Syntax : Array file(String filenm)

Example :

$lines = file("xyz.txt");

foreach($lines as $line_num => $line)

echo "Line= <b>{$line_num}<b> :".$line."<br>";

11) file_get_contents()

Reads a entire file into a string.

Syntax : String file_get_contents(String filenm)

Example :

echo $str = file_get_contents("xyz.txt");

12) file_put_contents()

write a string to a file.

Syntax : Int file_put_contents(String filenm, mixed data)

Example :

$file = "people.txt";

$current = "This is the demo of file_get_contents";

file_put_contents($file,$current);

13) ftell()

Tell file pointer read/write position.

Syntax : Int ftell(resource handle)

Example :

$fp = fopen("people.txt","r");

$data = fgets($fp,12);

echo ftell($fp);

fclose($fp);

14) fseek()

Seeks on a file pointer.

Syntax : Int fseek(resource handle, int offset)

Example :

$fp = fopen("abc.txt","r");

$data = fgets($fp,4096);

echo ftell($fp);

fseek($fp,0);

echo "<br>".ftell($fp);

15) rewind()

Sets the file position indicator for handle to the beginning of the file
stream.

Syntax : bool rewind(resource handle)

Example :

$h = fopen("output.txt","w+");

fwrite($h,"This is first sentence");

rewind($h);

fwrite($h,"foo");

rewind($h);

echo fread($h,filesize("output.txt"));

fclose($h);

16) copy()

copies file.
Syntax : Bool copy(String source, string dest)

Example :

$file = "xyz.txt";

$newfile = "new.txt";

copy($file,$newfile);

echo "Copy the file";

17) unlink()

Deletes a file.

Syntax : Bool unlink(String filenm)

Example :

$file = "people.txt";

unlink($file);

echo "file deleted";

18) rename()

Rename a file or directory.

Syntax : Bool rename(String oldnm, String newnm)

Example :

rename("xyz.txt","aaa.txt");

echo "renaming the file";

 Date and Time Function

1) date()
Format a local time/date.
Syntax : String date(String format)

Format Description Example

Character
d Day of Month with leading zero 01 to 31
D Textual representation of a day Mon through Sun
J Day of month without leading zero 1 to 31
L A full textual representation of the day Sunday Through Saturday
W Numeric representation of the day of 0(for sun) through 6 (For
the week sat)
z The day of the year 0 to 365
F Full textual representation of month January to December
m Numeric representation of month with 01 to 12
leading zeros
M A short textual representation of a Jan through Dec
month, three letters
n Numeric representation of a month, 1 to 12
without leading zeros
t Number of days in the given month 28 through 31
L Whether it’s a leap year 1 or 0
Y Fully numeric representation of a 1999
year, 4 digit
y Two digit representation of year 99
a Lowercase Ante Meridiem and post am or pm
meridiem
A Uppercase Ante Meridiem and post AM or PM
meridiem

Example :
echo date(d."-".D."-".l);
echo "<br>".date(N."-".z."-".F);
echo "<br>".date(W."-".m."-".M);
echo "<br>".date(n."-".t."-".L);
echo "<br>".date(Y."-".y);
2) checkdate()
Validate a given date.
Syntax : Bool checkdate(int month, int day, int year)
Example :
var_dump(checkdate(12,31,2000));
echo "<br>";
var_dump(checkdate(2,29,2001));

3) time()
Return current Unix timestamp.
Syntax : Int time()
Example :
$nextweek = time() + (7*24*60*60);
echo "Now : ".date('Y-m-d');
echo "<br>Next Week : ".date('Y-m-d',$nextweek);

4) date_create()
Return new DateTime object.
Syntax : Datetime date_create(String time)

5) date_add()
Adds an amount of days, months, years, hours, miniutes, and seconds to a
Datetime object.
Syntax : Datetime date_add(DateTime object, DateInterval interval)

6) date_format()
Return date formatted according to given format.
Syntax : String date_format(DateTime obj, String format)
Example :
$date = date_create('2017-01-01');
date_add($date,date_interval_create_from_date_string('10 days'));
echo date_format($date,'Y-m-d');
 Miscellaneous Function
1) define()
This function will define the named constant.
Syntax : bool defined(String name, mixed value)

2) defined()
This function will check whether named constant exists.
Syntax : bool defined(String name)

3) constant()
This will return the value of a constant.
Syntax : mixed constant(String name)
Example :
<?php
error_reporting(0);
define("PI",3.14);
define("COLLEGE","B.V.Dhanak");
echo PI;
echo COLLEGE;
if(defined("PI"))
{
echo "Constant PI is defined";
}
echo constant(“PI”);
?>

4) exit()
Output a message and terminate the current script.
void exit()

5) die()
Output a message and terminate the current script.
 GET and POST method
 When defining the method a web browser should use to send variable to the page
specified by your action, you either use GET or POST.
 GET sends its variable in the URL of your visitors web browsers, which makes it
easy to see what was sent.
 However, it also makes it very easy for visitors to change what was sent, and
moreover, there is usually a fairly low limit on the number of characters that can
be sent in a URL – normally fewer than 250
 As a result, if you send long variable using GET, you are likely to lose large
amount of it.
 POST on the other hand sends its variables hidden to your user, which means that
it is much harder to understand.
 It cannot be changed without some effort on your visitors behalf, and has a much
higher limit(usually megabytes) on the amount of data that can be sent.