Tutorial 8

1. Use a triple integral to find the volume of the wedge in the first octant that is cut
from the solid cylinder y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1 by the planes y = x and x = 0.
Z 1 Z y Z √1−y2 Z 1Z yp Z 1 p
2
1
V = dzdxdy = 1 − y dxdy = y 1 − y 2 dy =
0 0 0 0 0 0 3

2. Use cylindrical coordinates to find the volume of the following solids.

(a) The solid that is inside the surface r2 + z 2 = 20 but not above the surface z = r2 .
r2 + z 2 = 20 intersects z = r2 in a circle of radius 2 ; the volume consists of two
portions, one inside the cylinder r = 2 and one outside that cylinder:
Z 2π Z 2 Z r2 Z 2π Z √20 Z √20−r2
V = √
rdzdrdθ + √
rdzdrdθ =
0 0 − 20−r2 0 2 − 20−r2
√
Z 2π Z 2 √ 2
 Z 2π Z 20 √
2
r r + 20 − r drdθ + 2r 20 − r2 drdθ =
0 0 0 2

4 √ 2π 2π
80 √
Z Z
128 152
(10 5 − 13) dθ + dθ = π+ π 5
3 0 3 0 3 3
(b) The solid enclosed between the cone z = (hr)/a and the plane z = h.
z = hr/a intersects z = h in a circle of radius a,
Z 2π Z a Z h Z 2π Z a Z 2π
h 2

1 2 πa2 h
V = rdzdrdθ = ar − r drdθ = a hdθ = .
0 0 hr/a 0 0 a 0 6 3

3. Use spherical coordinates to find the volume of the following solids.

(a) The solid enclosed by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4a2 and the planes z = 0 and
z = a.
In spherical coordinates the sphere and the plane z = a are ρ = 2a and ρ = a sec ϕ,
respectively. They intersect at
Z 2π Z π/3 Z a sec ϕ Z 2π Z π/2 Z 2a
2
ϕ = π/3, V = ρ sin ϕdρdϕdθ + ρ2 sin ϕdρdϕdθ
0 0 0 0 π/3 0
Z 2π Z π/3 Z 2π Z π/2
1 3 3 8 3
= a sec ϕ sin ϕdϕdθ + a sin ϕdϕdθ =
0 0 3 0 π/3 3

1 3 2π 4 3 2π 11πa3
Z Z
a dθ + a dθ =
2 0 3 0 3
 p
(b) The solid within the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, outside the cone z = x2 + y 2 ,
and above the xy-plane.
√ Z
Z 2π Z π/2 Z 3
2
Z 2π Z π/2
9 2 2π √
V = ρ sin ϕdρdϕdθ = 9 sin ϕdϕdθ = dθ = 9 2π
0 π/4 0 0 π/4 2 0

R 1 R 4−a−x2 R 4−x2 −y 4
4. (a) Solve for a : 0 0 a
dzdydx = 15
Given that Z 1 Z 3−a−y 2 Z 4−x−y 2
14
dzdxdy =
0 0 a 15
Simplifying the expression on left, we get
Z 1 Z 3−a−y2 Z 4−x−y2 Z 1 Z 3−a−y2
4 − x − y 2 − a dydx


dzdxdy =
0 0 a 0 0
1 3−a−y2
x2
Z 
2


= 4−y −a x− dy
0 2 0
" #
1 2
(3 − a − y 2 )
Z
2 2



= 4−y −a 3−a−y − dy
0 2
Z 1 2
y4

a 15
= + ay 2 − 4a + − 4y 2 + dy
0 2 2 2
Z 1 2
y 4 15

a 2
= + (a − 4)y − 4a + + dy
0 2 2 2
a2 11a 94
= − +
2 3 15
This gives
a2 11a 94 14 1
14
− + = =⇒ 15a2 − 110a + 188 =
2 3 15 15 30 15
16
which gives a = 2 or a = 3
.
RR
(b) What domain D in the space minimizes the value of the integralRRR D (4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 − 4) dV
? What domain D in the space maximizes the value of the integral D
(1 − x2 − y 2 − z 2 ) dV
? Give reason for your answer.
Before we proceed with the problem, let us first look into the given integral more
closely. Because the problem asks for the domain at which the following integral:
ZZ Z
4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 − 4 dV


D

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 is at the minimum, then it must follow that the function must be integrable over
the space. However, we should know by now that multivariable polynomials are
integrable (and continuous) in their domain which includes all real numbers.
Let f (x, y, z) = 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 − 4. Let A be the region in space where f (x, y, z) is
the minimum. Observe that 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 ≥ 0 (The sum of squares could never be
a negative number.). Therefore, it follows that f (x, y, z) ≥ −4. f (x, y, z) = −4 can
only be achieved when (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0). Therefore:

A = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 | (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0)



This is useful because we know that the function’s minimum is at (0, 0, 0). Therefore,
the domain at which an integral is minimized should be somewhere near this point.
Due to the ambiguity of the book, the domain at which the integral is minimized
is somewhat arbitrary*. Let B be the region in space where f (x, y, z) is arbitrarily
low, say f (x, y, z) ≤ 0. Therefore:

B = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 | 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4


This describes the region of an ellipsoid whose x-axis is 2 units long, y-axis is 2 units
long, and z-axis is 4 units long and whose center is at (0, 0, 0).
”NOTE: The domain at which an integral is ”minimized” is somewhat arbitrary.
The question does not explicitly mention the extent of minimization that the integral
must achieve. Hence, an arbitrary value was used in this solution.

B = (x, y, z) ∈ R3 | 4x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4


The multivariable polynomials are integrable in their domain which includes all real
numbers.

We should find the domain D where it is:

1 − x2 − y 2 − z 2 ≥ 0
Therefore, the domain is:

(x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1


5. For the following find a transformation u = f (x, y), v = g(x, y) that when applied
to the region R in the xy-plane has as its image the region S in the uv-plane.

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 
 cot−1 (x/y) if y ̸= 0 p
(a).u = θ = 0 if y = 0, x > 0 v=r= x2 + y 2 . Other answers
π if y = 0, x < 0

are possible

p  1
2
+ 1
π
tan−1 (y/x) if x ̸= 0
1 θ
(b).u = r = x2 + y 2 , v = 2
+ π
= 1 if x = 0, y > 0 . Other
0 if x = 0, y < 0

answers are possible.

(c).u = 73 x − 27 y, v = − 17 x + 73 y. Other answers are possible.

(d).u = −x + 43 y, v = y. Other answers are possible.

6. Solve for x and y in terms of u and v, and then find the Jacobian ∂(x, y)/∂(u, v).
(a) u = x2 − y 2 , v = x2 + y 2 (x > 0, y > 0) (b) u = xy, v = xy 3 (x > 0, y > 0)

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 √ √ 1
√ √ 1
√ √
u+v v − u ∂(x, y) 2 2 u+v 2 2 u+v 1
x = √ ,y = √ ; = = √
2 2 ∂(u, v) − 2√2√1 v−u 1
√ √
2 2 v−u 4 v 2 − u2
3u1/2 3/2
u3/2 v 1/2 ∂(x, y) 2v 1/2
u
− 2v 3/2 1
x = 1/2 , y = 1/2 ; = v 1/2 1
=
v u ∂(u, v) − 2u 3/2 2u1/2 v 1/2
2v

7. Find the Jacobian ∂(x, y, z)/∂(u, v, w). (a) u = xy, v = y, w = x + z (b) u =

x + y + z, v = x + y − z, w = x − y + z

1/v −u/v 2 0
u u u ∂(x, y, z) 1
y = v, x = = , z = w − x = w − ; = 0 1 0 =
y v v ∂(u, v, w) 2 v
−1/v u/v 1
0 1/2 1/2
v+w u−w u − v ∂(x, y, z) 1
x= ,y = ,z = ; = 1/2 0 −1/2 =−
2 2 2 ∂(u, v, w) 4
1/2 −1/2 0
R2Ry
8. Use the transformation x = u/v, y = uv to evaluate the integral sum 1 1/y
(x2 + y 2 ) dxdy+
R 4 R 4/y 2
2 y/4
(x + y 2 ) dxdy
First, find the partial derivatives:
∂x ∂ u 1
= =
∂u ∂u v v
∂x ∂ u u
= =− 2
∂v ∂v v v
∂y ∂
= (uv) = v
∂u ∂u
∂y ∂
= (uv) = u
∂v ∂v

Then, find the Jacobian of the transformation x = uv , y = uv :

∂x ∂x 1
∂u ∂v − vu2 u  u u u 2u
J(u, v) = ∂y ∂y = v = −v − 2 = + =
∂u ∂v
v u v v v v v
Rewrite the integral function in relation to u and v :
u2
x + y = 2 + u2 v 2
2 2
v

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 Use the given boundaries for both integrals to find boundaries for u and v. The first
integral:
1 u 1 1
x= ⇒ = ⇒ u = ⇒ u2 = 1 ⇒ u = 1
y v uv u
u
x = y ⇒ = uv ⇒ u = uv 2 ⇒ v 2 = 1 ⇒ v = 1
v
1
y = 1 ⇒ uv = 1 ⇒ v =
u
2
y = 2 ⇒ uv = 2 ⇒ v =
u
The second integral:
y u uv 1 v
x= ⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ v2 = 4 ⇒ v = 2
4 v 4 v 4
4 u 4 4
x= ⇒ = ⇒ u = ⇒ u2 = 4 ⇒ u = 2
y v uv u
2
y = 2 ⇒ uv = 2 ⇒ v =
u
4
y = 4 ⇒ uv = 4 ⇒ v =
u
So, given integral becomes:
2 y 4 4/y 2 2
u2 2u
Z Z Z Z Z Z  
2 2

2 2

2 2 225
x +y dxdy+ x +y dxdy = uv + 2 dudv =
1 1
y
2 y/4 1 1 v v 16

9. Perform the integration by transforming the ellipsoidal region of integration into

a spherical region of integration and then evaluating the transformed integral in
spherical
RRR coordinates.
(a) G
x2 dV , where G is the region enclosed by the ellipsoid 9x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 = 36.

∂(x, y, z)
x = u/3, y = v/2, z = w, = 1/6;
∂(u, v, w)
S is the region in uvw-space enclosed by the sphere u2 + v 2 + w2 = 36 so
ZZZ 2 Z 2π Z π Z 6
u 1 1
dVuvw = (ρ sin ϕ cos θ)2 ρ2 sin ϕdρdϕdθ =
S 9 6 54 0 0 0
Z 2π Z π Z 6
1 192π
ρ4 sin3 ϕ cos2 θdρdϕdθ =
54 0 0 0 5

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 2
x2 2
+ yb2 + zc2 = 1
RRR
(b) G
(y 2 + z 2 ) dV , where G is the region enclosed by the ellipsoid a2
Let G1 be the region u2 + v 2 + w2 ≤ 1, with

∂(x, y, z)
x = au, y = bv, z = cw, = abc
∂(u, v, w)

; then use spherical coordinates in uvw-space:

ZZZ ZZZ Z 2π Z π Z 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
abc b2 sin2 ϕ sin2 θ+



y + z dVxyz = abc b v + c w dVuvw =
0 0 0
Z 2π
abc 4
c cos ϕ ρ4 sin ϕdρdϕdθ =
2 2
4b2 sin2 θ + 2c2 dθ = πabc b2 + c2




0 15 15
RRR
10. Use the transformation u = x, v = z − y, w = xy to find G
(z − y)2 xydV , where
G is the region enclosed by the surfaces x = 1, x = 3, z = y, z = y+1, xy = 2, xy = 4.

w w ∂(x, y, z) 1
,z = v + ,
x = u, y = =− ;
u u ∂(u, v, w) u
ZZZ 2 Z 4Z 1Z 3 2
v w v w
dVuvw = dudvdw = 2 ln 3
S u 2 0 1 u

11. Find the mass and center of gravity of the lamina lamina with√density δ(x, y) = x+y
is bounded by the x-axis, the line x = 1, and the curve y = x..
√ √
Z 1 Z x Z 1 Z x
13 3
M= (x + y)dydx = , Mx = (x + y)ydydx = ,
0 0 20 0 0 10
√
Z 1 Z x
19
My = (x + y)xdydx =
0 0 42
 
My 190 Mx 6 13 190 6
x̄ = = , ȳ = = ; the mass is and the center of gravity is at ,
M 273 M 13 20 273 13

12. Find the centroid of the region enclosed by the cardioid r = a(1 + sin θ).
x̄ = 0 from the symmetry of the region,
2π a(1+sin θ) 2π a(1+sin θ)
3πa2
Z Z Z Z
1
A= rdrdθ = , ȳ = r2 sin θdrdθ =
0 0 2 A 0 0

5πa3
 
2 5a 5a
2
· = ; centroid 0, .
3πa 4 6 6

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13. Find the mass and center of gravity of the cylindrical solid that has density δ(x, y, z) =
h − z and is enclosed by x2 + y 2 = a2 , z = 0, and z = h.
ZZZ Z a Z a Z h
mass, m = δ(x, y, z)dV = (h − z)dzdydx
x−−a y−−a 0
Z a Z a  2
h a 2 Z a Z
z h
= hz − dydx = dydx
x−−a y−−a 0 2 2 x−−a x−−a
2 Z a Z a
h a 2
= [y]−a dx = ah dx = ah2 [x]a−a = 2a2 h2
2 x−−a x−−a

Now, calculate moments

ZZZ Z a Z a Z h
Mxy = zδdV = hz − z 2 dzdxdy
x x−−a y−−a 0
a a h
h3 a
Z Z  2 Z 3 Z a
hz z
= − dydx = dydx
x−−a y−−a 2 3 0 6 x−−a x−−a
Z a
h3 a h3 h3
Z
a
= [y]−a dx = a dx = a [x]a−a = 2a2
x−−a 6 x−−a 6 6
ZZZ Z a Z a Z h
Myz = xδdV = x(h − z)dzdxdy
x−−a y−−a 0
a a h
h2 a
Z a
2
h2 a
Z Z  Z Z
z
= x hz − dydx = xdydx = x[y]a−a dx
x−−a y−−a 2 2 x−−a x−−a 2 x−−a
Z a  20a
x
= ah2 xdx = ah2 =0
x−−a 2 −a
ZZZ Z a Z a Z h
Mxz = yδdV = y(h − z)dzdxdy
−a x−−a y−−a 0
a a h
h2 a
Z a
z2
Z Z  Z
= y hz − dydx = ydydx
x−−a y−−a 2 0 2 x−−a x−−a
 2 a
h2 a
Z Z a
y 2
= dx = ah 0dx = 0
2 x−−a 2 −a x−−a

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 Center of gravity is given by (x, y, z) then,

Myz 0
x= = 2 2 = 0,
m 2a h
Mxz 0
y= = 2 2 = 0,
m 2a h
3
Mzy 2a2 h6 h
z= = 2 2 =
m 2a h 6

14. Find the moment of inertia about the x-axes of a thin plate of density δ = 1 bounded
by the circle x2 + y 2 = 4 then use your result to find I0 and Iy for the plate.
To find the moment of inertia about the x-axis of a thin plate use formula:
ZZ
Ix = y 2 δdA

Change the coordinates of the circle from Cartesian to polar. We have:

x = r cos θ
y = r sin θ
r ∈ [0, 2]
θ ∈ [0, 2π]

Now calculate the moment of inertia about the x-axis.

Z 2 Z 2π
Ix = r3 (sin θ)2 dθdr
Z 2 0Z 2π0  
3 1 − cos 2θ 2 1 − cos 2θ
= r dθdr use the formula sin θ = .
0 0 2 2
θ=2π !
1 2 3
Z  Z
sin 2θ sin 2θ
= r θ− dr (Use cos 2θdθ = .
2 0 2 θ=0 2
 4 r=2
1 2 3
Z Z 2
3 r
= r 2πdr = π r dr = π = 4π
2 0 0 4 r=0

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 RR
Calculate Iy using formula: Iy = x2 δdA
Z 2 Z 2π
Iy = r3 (cos θ)2 dθdr
Z 2 0Z 2π0 
3 (1 + cos 2θ) 2 1 + cos 2x
= r dr (use the formula cos x = .
0 0 2 2
1 2 2π 3
Z Z
= r (1 + cos 2θ)dθdr (Take the constant out.)
2 0 0
θ=2π !
1 2 3
Z  Z
sin 2θ sin 2θ
= r θ+ dr (Use cos 2θdθ = .
2 0 2 θ=0 2
 4 r=2
1 2
Z Z 2
3 3 r
= 2πr dr = π r dr = π = 4π
2 0 0 4 r=0

To find I0 use formula: I0 = Ix + Iy

I0 = Ix + Iy = 4π + 4π = 8π

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