Monsoon Semester 2022-23: Tutorial 11

Topics: Green’s Theorem, Parametric representation of surfaces,

Smooth Surface, Area, Surface integral,Flux
H
1. (a) Use Green’s Theorem to evaluate the integral C 3xydx + 2xydy, where C is the
rectangle bounded by x = −2, x = 4, y = 1, and y = 2 oriented counterclockwise.
Z 4Z 2
(2y − 3x)dydx = 0
−2 1
xy
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(b) Use Green’s Theorem to evaluate the integral C ln(1 + y)dx − 1+y dy, where C
is the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (2, 0), and (0, 4) oriented counterclockwise.
ZZ   ZZ
y 1
9. − − dA = − dA = −4.
R 1+y 1+y R
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(c) Verify Green’s Theorem for C ydx + xdy, where C is the unit circle oriented
counterclockwise. ZZ
(1 − 1)dA = 0;
R
for the line integral let
I Z 2π
− sin2 t + cos2 t dt = 0


x = cos t, y = sin t, ydx + xdy =
C 0
1
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2. (a) Use the formula A = 2 C −ydx + xdy, to find the area of the region swept out
by the line from the origin to the ellipse x = a cos t, y = b sin t if t varies from t = 0
to t = t0 (0 ≤ t0 ≤ 2π).
y = a sin3 ϕ, (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 2π).
C1 : (0, 0) to (a, 0); x = at, y = 0, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1,
C2 : (a, 0) to (a cos t0 , b sin t0 ) ; x = a cos t, y = b sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ t0 ,
C3 : (a cos t0 , b sin t0 ) to (0, 0); x = −a (cos t0 ) t, y = −b (sin t0 ) t, −1 ≤ t ≤ 0,
1 1 1 t0 1 0
I Z Z Z
1 1
A= −ydx + xdy = (0)dt + abdt + (0)dt = abt0
2 C 2 0 2 0 2 −1 2
(b) Use a line integral to find the area of the region enclosed by the astroid x =
a cos3 ϕ and
1 2π
I Z
1
3a2 sin4 ϕ cos2 ϕ + 3a2 cos4 ϕ sin2 ϕ dϕ


A= −ydx + xdy =
2 C 2 0
Z 2π
3
= a2 sin2 ϕ cos2 ϕdϕ
2
Z0 2π
3
= a2 sin2 2ϕdϕ = 3πa2 /8
8 0
3. Suppose that F (x, y) = f (x, y)bi + g(x, y)bj is a vector field on the xy-plane and that
f and g have continuous first partial
R derivatives
R with fy = gx everywhere. Use
Green’s Theorem to explain why C1 F.dr = C2 F.dr where C1 and C2 are the ori-
ented curves as shown in the figure.

The boundary of the region R in Figure Ex-22 is C = C1 − C2 , so by Green’s

Theorem, Z Z Z Z
F · dr − F · dr = F · dr = F · dr = 0
C1 C2 C1 −C2 C
R R
since fy = gx . Thus C1
= C2

4. Use Green’s Theorem to find the work done by the force field F (x, y) = xybi +
1 2


2
x + xy bj on a particle that moves along the described path: the particle starts
at (5, 0), traverses the upper semicircle x2 + y 2 = 25, and returns to its starting
point along the x-axis.

5. Find a simple closed curve C
with counterclockwise orientation that maximizes the
value of C 31 y 3 dx + x − 13 x3 dy and explain your reasoning.
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RR
From Green’s Theorem, the given integral equals R (1 − x2 − y 2 ) dA where R is
the region enclosed by C. The value of this integral is maximum if the integration
extends over the largest region for which the integrand 1 − x2 − y 2 is non negative
so we want 1 − x2 − y 2 ≥ 0, x2 + y 2 ≤ 1. The largest region is that bounded by the
circle x2 + y 2 = 1 which is the desired curve C.
R
6. Let C be the line segment from a point (a, b) to a point (c, d). Show that C −ydx +
xdy = ad − bc.
Z Z 1
C : x = a+(c−a)t, y = b+(d−b)t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, −ydx+xdy = (ad−bc)dt = ad−bc.
C 0

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 7. Among all smooth, simple closed curves in the plane, oriented

counterclockwise, find
1 2 1 3 b
the one along which the work done by F = 4 x y + 3 y i + xbj is greatest. (Hint:
Where is (curlF ).k positive?)

8. (a) Use Green’s Theorem to find the counterclockwise circulation and outward flux
for the field F = (x − y)bi + (y − x)bj and curve C : The square bounded by
x = 0, x = 1, y = 0, y = 1.

(b) Use Green’s Theorem to find the counterclockwise circulation and outward flux
for the field F = (y 2 − x2 ) bi + (x2 + y 2 ) bj and curve C : The triangle bounded by
y = 0, x = 3 and y = x.
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9. Show that the value of C xy 2 dx + (x2 y + 2x) dy around any square depends only on
the area of the square and not on its location in the plane.

10. Express the area of the given surface as an iterated double integral, and then find
the surface area.

(a) The portion of the cylinder y 2 + z 2 = 9 that is above the rectangle R = {(x, y) :
0 ≤ x ≤ 2, −3 ≤ y ≤ 3}.
p p
9 − y 2 , zx = 0, zy = −y/ 9 − y 2 , zx2 + zy2 + 1 = 9/ 9 − y 2 ,


z=
Z 2Z 3 Z 2
3
S= p dydx = 3πdx = 6π
0 −3 9 − y2 0

(b) The portion of the plane 2x + 2y + z = 8 in the first octant.

Z 4 Z 4−x Z 4
2 2
z = 8−2x−2y, zx +zy +1 = 4+4+1 = 9, S = 3dydx = 3(4−x)dx = 24
0 0 0

11. Express the area of the given surface as an iterated double integral in polar coordi-
nates, and then find the surface area.
p
(a) The portion of the cone z = x2 + y 2 that lies inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2x.

z 2 = x2 + y 2 , zx = x/z, zy = y/z, zx2 + zy2 + 1 = x2 + y 2 /z 2 + 1 = 2,

ZZ √ Z π/2 Z 2 cos θ √ √ Z π/2 √
S= 2dA = 2 2rdrdθ = 4 2 cos2 θdθ = 2π
R 0 0 0

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 p
(b) The portion of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 8 that is inside the cone z = x2 + y 2 .
On the sphere, zx = −x/z and zy = −y/z so zx2 + zy2 + 1 = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) /z 2 =
8/ (8 − x2 − y 2 ); the cone cuts the sphere in the circle x2 + y 2 = 4 ;
Z 2π Z 2 √ √ Z 2π √
2 2r
S= √ drdθ = (8 − 4 2) dθ = 8(2 − 2)π
0 0 8 − r2 0

12. (a) Find parametric equations for the portion of the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 5 that ex-
tends between the planes z = 0 and z = 1
√ √
x= 5 cos u, y = 5 sin u, z = v; 0 ≤ u ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ v ≤ 1
(b) Find parametric equations for the portion of the cylinder x2 +z 2 = 4 that extends
between the planes y = 1 and y = 3
x = 2 cos u, y = v, z = 2 sin u; 0 ≤ u ≤ 2π, 1 ≤ v ≤ 3

13. Find a parametric representation of the surface in terms of the parameters r and θ,
where (r, θ, z) are the cylindrical coordinates of a point on the surface.

(a) The portion of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 on or above the plane z = 2.

√ √
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, z = 9 − r2 ; r ≤ 5
p
(b) The portion of the cone z = x2 + y 2 on or below the plane z = 3.
x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, z = r; r ≤ 3

14. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the parametric surface at the stated point.
(a) x = u, y = v, z = u2 + v 2 ; (1, 2, 5)
u = 1, v = 2, ru × rv = −2i − 4j + k; 2x + 4y − z = 5

(b) x = 3v sin u, y = 2v cos u, z = u2 ; (0, 2, 0)

u = 0, v = 1, ru × rv = 6k; z = 0

15. Find the area of the given surface.

(a) The portion of the paraboloid r(u, v) = u cos vi + u sin vj + u2 k for which 1 ≤
u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.
√
ru = cos vi + sin vj + 2uk, rv = −u sin vi + u cos vj, ∥ru × rv ∥ = u 4u2 + 1;

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 2π 2 √ π √ √
Z Z
S= u 4u2 + 1dudv = (17 17 − 5 5)
0 1 6
(b) The portion of the cone r(u, v) = u cos vi + u sin vj + uk for which 0 ≤ u ≤
2v, 0 ≤ v ≤ π/2.
√
ru = cos vi + sin vj + k, rv = −u sin vi + u cos vj, ∥ru × rv ∥ = 2u;
Z π/2 Z 2v √ √
2 3
S= 2ududv = π
0 0 12
16. For the function f (x, y) = ax + by, prove that the area of the surface z = f (x, y)
over a rectangle R in the xy-plane is the product of ∥⟨1, 0, a⟩ × ⟨0, 1, b⟩∥ and the
area of R.
r
√ ∂z 2

 2
∂z
True. ∥⟨1, 0, a⟩ × ⟨0, 1, b⟩∥ = ∥⟨−a, −b, 1⟩∥ = a2 + b2 + 1 = ∂x
+ ∂y
+ 1,
r  2
∂z 2 ∂z
RR
RR
so the area of the surface is R ∂x
+ ∂y
+ 1dA = R
∥⟨1, 0, a⟩×⟨0, 1, b⟩∥dA =
RR
∥⟨1, 0, a⟩ × ⟨0, 1, b⟩∥ · R dA = ∥⟨1, 0, a⟩ × ⟨0, 1, b⟩∥ · ( area of R).
17. (a) Find the area of the surface cut from the paraboloid x2 + y 2 − z = 0 by the plane
z = 2.

(b) Find the area of the portion

√ of the surface x2 −2z = 0 that lies above the triangle
bounded by the lines x = 3, y = 0 and y = x in the xy-plane.
RR
18. Evaluate the surface integral σ f (x, y, z)dS
p
(a) f (x, y, z) = z 2 ; σ is the portion of the cone z = x2 + y 2 between the planes
z = 1 and z = 2.
R is the annular region between x2 + y 2 = 1 and x2 + y 2 = 4;
s
ZZ
2
ZZ
2 2 x2 y2 √ ZZ
x2 + y 2 dA



z dS = x +y 2 2
+ 2 2
+ 1dA = 2
σ R x +y x +y R

√ Z 2π Z 2
15 √
= 2 r3 drdθ = π 2.
0 1 2
(b) f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 ; σ is the surface of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 .
Let r(ϕ, θ) = a sin ϕ cos θi+a sin ϕ sin θj+a cos ϕk, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ π; ∥rϕ × rθ ∥ =
a2 sin ϕ, x2 + y 2 = a2 sin 2 ϕ,
ZZ Z 2π Z π
8
f (x, y, z) = a4 sin3 ϕdϕdθ = πa4 .
σ 0 0 3

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 RR
19. Evaluate the integral σ
f (x, y, z)dS over the surface σ represented by r(u, v).

(a) f (x, y, z) = xyz; r(u, v) = u cos vi + u sin vj + 3uk(1 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ π/2)

√
∂r/∂u = cos vi + sin vj + 3k, ∂r/∂v = −u sin vi + u cos vj, ∥∂r/∂u × ∂r/∂v∥ = 10u;

√ ZZ 4 √ Z π/2 Z 2 √
3 10 u sin v cos vdA = 3 10 u4 sin v cos vdudv = 93/ 10
R 0 1
x2 +z 2
(b) f (x, y, z) = y
; r(u, v) = 2 cos vi + uj + 2 sin vk(1 ≤ u ≤ 3, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π)

∂r/∂u = j, ∂r/∂v = −2 sin vi + 2 cos vk,

ZZ Z 2π Z 3
1 1
∥∂r/∂u × ∂r/∂v∥ = 2; 8 dA = 8 dudv = 16π ln 3
R u 0 1 u
RR
20. Evaluate σ F · ndS, where F = xzey i − xzey j + zk and σ is the part of the plane
x + y + z = 1 in the first octant.

21. (a) Find the flux of the vector field F across σ in the direction of positive orienta-
tion where F(x, y, z) = xi + yj + zk and σ is the portion of the sphere r(u, v) =
2 sin u cos vi + 2 sin u sin vj + 2 cos uk with 0 ≤ u ≤ π/3, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.

(b) Find the flux of F across the surface σ by expressing σ parametrically where
F(x, y, z) = 3i − 7j + zk and σ is the portion of the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 16 between
the planes z = −2 and z = 2, oriented by outward unit normals.

22. Let x, y and z be measured in meters, and suppose that F(x, y, z) = 2xi − 3yj + zk is
the velocity vector (in m/s ) of a fluid particle at the point (x, y, z) in a steady-state
incompressible fluid flow.

(a) Find the net volume of fluid that passes in the upward direction through the
portion of the plane x + y + z = 1 in the first octant in 1 s.

(b) Assuming that the fluid has a mass density of 806 kg/m3 , find the net mass of
fluid that passes in the upward direction through the surface in part (a) in 1 s.

23. Integrate G(x, y, z) = x over the surface given by z = x2 + y for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, −1 ≤

y ≤ 1.

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