Types of Operating System

Chapter: 02
Lecture No.04
Course No. 1103

Happy Kabir
Lecturer
Department of Social Work
Jagannath University
[email protected]
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Lecture outline
Types of operating system on the basis
of user interface
Types of operating system on the basis of
number of users
Types of operating system on the basis
of number of processor
Types of operating system on the
membership or proprietorial
Dos, windows

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 Types of Operating System
Operating systems are there from the very first computer
generation and they keep evolving with time. Here, we
will discuss some of the important types of operating
systems which are most commonly used.
On the basis of user interface:
A User interface (UI) facilitates communication between
an application and its user by acting as an intermediary
between them.
✓ A user interface of any operating system can be
classified into one of the following types:
1. Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating system

2. Character User Interface (CUI) operating system

 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Operating System:
◼ The graphical user interface is a type of GUI that enables the
users to interact with the operating system by means of point-
and-click operations.
◼ GUI contains several icons representing pictorial representation
of the variables such as a file, directory, and device.
◼ The graphical icon provided in the UI can be manipulated by
the users using a suitable pointing device such as a mouse,
trackball, touch screen and light pen. The other input devices
like keyboard can also be used to manipulate these graphical
icons.
◼ GUIs are considered to be very user- friendly interface because
each object is represented with a corresponding icon.
◼ Unlike the other UIs the users need not provide text command
for executing tasks.
Components of GUI
Character User Interface ( CUI) operating system

◼ CUI also known as command-line user interface is a way in

which the user can interact with the computer program.
◼ It allows users to issue a command of more than a line of text,
also known as command lines, to the program which can be
anything like opening a file or directory etc.
◼ It provides an easy way to implement scripts in any
programming language by writing a specific command for it.
◼ It acts as a user interface wherein the user interacts with the
computer, purely through a keyboard. For performing any
tasks, a command is to be written on the interface which gets
executed and does the necessary operation.
◼ For example, in Windows, the cd filename command is used
for going over to that directory.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) Character User Interface ( CUI)
 Types or Classification of Operating System
(Contd...)
On the basis of the number of users:
1. Single user operating system
2. Multi user operating system
Single user operating system:
Single user operating system is also known as a single-tasking operating
system, and a single-user operating system is designed especially for home
computers. A single user can access the computer at a particular time. The
single-user operating system allows permission to access your personal
computer at a time by a single user, but sometimes it can support multiple
profiles. It can also be used in official work and other environments as well.
 Single User Operating System (Contd..)
◼ This operating system is of two types:-

◼ Single User Single-Tasking

◼ Single User Multi-Tasking

Single user, single tasking operating system:

As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage
the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a
time. MS-DOS is a good example of a single-user, single-task
operating system.
Example: MS-DOS, Palm OS (Used in Palm-held computers).
Single user, multi tasking operating system:
This is the type of operating system most people use on their
desktop and laptop computers today. Microsoft’s Windows and
Apple’s macOS platforms are both examples of operating
systems that lets a single user have several applications in
operation at the same time.
 Single User Operating System (Contd..)

For example, it’s entirely possible for a Windows user to be

writing a note in a word processor while downloading a file from
the internet and printing the text of an email message.
Example: Windows, Mac
 Multi user operating system
A multiuser operating system allows many different users to take
advantage of a computer’s resources simultaneously.
✓ The operating system must make sure that the requirements of
the various users are balanced, and that each of the programs
they are using has sufficient and separate resources so that a
problem with one user doesn’t affect the entire community of
users.
Examples: Unix, VMS ( Video Management System) and
mainframe operating systems, such as MVS (Multiple Virtual
Storage).
 Types or Classification of Operating System
(Contd…)
◼ On the basis of the number of processor:
1. Single processing operating system
2. Multi processing operating system
Single processing operating system:
A single processor system contains only one processor. So only
one process can be executed at a time and then the process is
selected from the ready queue. Most general purpose computers
contain the single processor systems as they are commonly in
use.
 Types or Classification of Operating System (Contd…)
Multi processing operating system:
❖ Multiprocessor operating systems are used in operating
systems to boost the performance of multiple CPUs within a
single computer system.
❖ Multiple CPUs are linked together so that a job can be divided
and executed more quickly. When a job is completed, the
results from all CPUs are compiled to provide the final output.
Jobs were required to share main memory, and they may often
share other system resources. Multiple CPUs can be used to
run multiple tasks at the same time, for example, UNIX.
 Types of Classification of Operating System
Software
Classification by ownership or proprietorial:
1. Open source operating system
2. Closed source or proprietary operating system
Open source operating system:
◼ The term “open source” refers to computer software or
applications where the owners or copyright holders enable the
users or third parties to use, see, and edit the product’s source
code.
◼ The source code of an open-source OS is publicly visible and
editable. Open-source software is licensed in such a way that it
is permissible to produce as many copies as you want and to
use them wherever you like.
For example: Linux (Redhat, Fedora, Debian), FreeBSD,
NetBSD etc.
Types or Classification of Operating System (Contd…)
Closed source or proprietary operating system:
◼ A closed source operating system is proprietary software with
encrypting codes that not distribute in the public domain.
◼ The software is distributed only to authorized users under a
licensing agreement, but has private modifications, copying
and redistribution restrictions.
◼ With a closed operating system, you don’t buy the software
but pay to use it. The original authors retain the right to copy
and alter that software.
For example:
MAC OS X- Apple Computer
Windows 95/98/Vista/7- Microsoft Corporation
AIS- UNIX- IBS
 DOS
◼ DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It is a single-user,
single tasking operating system that can support only one user
and one task at a time.
✓ Example: MS DOS, PC DOS etc.
❑ Features of DOS:
1) It is a Single user OS
2) It is a Single tasking OS
3) It is (CLI: Command Line Interface) only work with
character
4) For IBM and IBM-compatible personal computer
5) In 1981, jointly introduced by Microsoft & IBM
❑ DOS command:
◼ There are two types of DOS command:
1. Internal: In built into the DOS system thus can be executed
automatically. Example: DIR, DATE, TIME
2. External: Copied into computer memory; Floppy/hard disk.
Example: FORMAT, SETUP etc.

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 Windows
◼ Windows is a single user, multi tasking operating
system that can support one user (sometimes more
users) but multitasking at a time.
◼ The first successful version of windows OS was
Windows 3.0, which was released in 1990
◼ Example: Windows 2000, Windows 10 etc
◼ Features of windows:
1) It is a single-user but multitasking OS
2) It is GUI (Graphical User Interface) based OS
3) Developed by Microsoft to overcome the
limitation of DOS

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Differences between DOS and Windows

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