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Effect Size

This document provides instructions for calculating effect size using a calculator or Excel. It defines effect size as the magnitude of difference between two data sets or between two time points for the same population. It then demonstrates calculating Cohen's d effect size using sample data on men's and women's heights. The example shows entering the data into a calculator or Excel to derive an effect size (Cohen's d) of 1.99, which is considered a very large effect. The document concludes by providing an example coursework problem to calculate Cohen's d for another set of variables to determine the effect size.

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941 views3 pages

Effect Size

This document provides instructions for calculating effect size using a calculator or Excel. It defines effect size as the magnitude of difference between two data sets or between two time points for the same population. It then demonstrates calculating Cohen's d effect size using sample data on men's and women's heights. The example shows entering the data into a calculator or Excel to derive an effect size (Cohen's d) of 1.99, which is considered a very large effect. The document concludes by providing an example coursework problem to calculate Cohen's d for another set of variables to determine the effect size.

Uploaded by

kinhai_see
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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How to calculate Effect Size Using calculator and Excel (DR SEE KIN HAI)
An Effect Size is the strength or magnitude of the difference between two sets of data or, in outcome studies, between two time points for the same population. (The degree to which the null hypothesis is false). In statistical hypothesis testing and power analysis, an effect size is the size of a statistically significant difference; that is, a difference between mean of a dependent variable associated with a specific level of an independent variable and the same characteristic of another distribution defined by a different level of the independent variable. Effect size is a different concept to statistical significance, and it is often relevant to compute an effect size measure when a conventional threshold for statistical significance, such as p < .05, has not been met. You just don't yet have evidence that the effect is real. In its simplest form, an effect size is the difference between two means divided by the pooled standard deviation for those means (this particular type of effect size analysis is frequently referred to as Cohen's d), Cohen's d can be calculated as the difference between the means divided by the pooled SD::

or Cohen's d, etc. is not available in PASW, hence use a calculator such as those listed in external links.

Cohen (1992) : 0.2 is indicative of a small effect, 0.5 a medium and 0.8 a large effect size. How to calculate the Effect size? Example (Using Calculator) Suppose we had the following figures for men and women's height (actually taken from a UK representative sample of 1000 men and 1000 women): Men Mean Height X 1 = 1754 mm; Standard Deviation S1 = 70.00 mm N1 = 1000 Women Mean Height X 2 = 1620 mm; Standard Deviation S2 = 64.90 mm N 2 = 1000 Pooled S.D = Effect Size =

( N1 S1 2 ( N 2 1) S 2 2 1) + N1 +N 2
X1 X 2 134 = = 1.99 67.46 67.46

999 702 + 999 64.92 = 67.46 2000

The derived effect size (using Cohen's d approximation) would equal 1.99. This is very large indeed and our aliens should have no problem in detecting the trend.

2 Example 2: Using Excel (Using the same example) Enter the data into the Excel as shown. Enter [Mean1], [Mean2], [N1], [N2], [SD1] and [SD2] and get [Cohens d] result.

This is your Cohen s d = 1.99 Enter formula as: =E4/D6

You can enter into the formula bar as: =SQRT(((C4-1)*B4*B4+(C6-1)*B6*B6)/ (C4+C6)) for pooled SD

You can go to my ONLINE Cohens d Excel to calculate all your effect size or you can use calculator as my example above.

3 COURSEWORK 1. Compare Variable 1 and Variable 2 from the figure below. (a) Find the [Means] for both variables , (b) Find the [Standard Deviation] for both the variables, and (c) Find the Cohens D and explain the effect size for this analysis. (Use calculator and Excel program to derive at Cohens D)

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