CS-101

Assignment 1
Question 1
(a): Explain the importance of Data in 2020’s ‘Data Driven Decision Making’.
A: In 2020s the competition is really high so it is crucial for companies to attract and retain a
good customer base which is possible through proper data driven decision making. Data
driven decision making helps to make proper decisions that help benefit the business.
Improper or incomplete data could thus affect decisions and lead to losses for a business. So
in 2020 data driven decision making is of prime importance and hence recording everyday
data is important in 2020.
One can easily see an increase in revenue and reduction in costs due to data driven decision
making.
(b): Categorize Enterprise Data Types with examples.
A: Types of enterprise data are: -

 Transactional Data: are the elements that support the on-going operations of an
organization and are included in the application systems that automate key business
processes. This can include areas such as sales, service, order management,
manufacturing, purchasing, billing, accounts receivable and accounts payable.
EXAMPLE: include sales orders, invoices, purchase orders, shipping documents, pass-
port applications, credit card payments, and insurance claims.
 ANALYTICAL DATA- are the numerical values, metrics, and measurements that
provide business intelligence and support organizational decision making. Typically
analytical data is stored in Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) repositories optimized
for decision support, such as enterprise data warehouses and department data
marts. EXAMPLE: include grouping customers for market segmentation or changes in
purchase volume over time.
 MASTER DATA- is usually considered to play a key role in the core operation of a
business. Moreover, master data refers to the key organizational entities that are
used by several functional groups and are typically stored in different data systems
across an organization. EXAMPLE: Customers, Employees, Vendors, Suppliers, Parts,
Products, Locations, Contact Mechanisms, Profiles, Accounting Items, Contracts,
Policies
(c): Discuss in brief about Structured – Semi Structured – Unstructured Data.
A: The types of data are: -

 STRUCTURED DATA: It is a standardized layout for presenting statistics

approximately a web page and classifying the web page content. For example, on a
 recipe web page, what are the ingredients, the cooking time and temperature, the
calories, and so on.
 UNSTRUCTURED DATA: It is statistics that both does now no longer have a
predefined statistics version or isn't prepared in a pre-described manner.
Unstructured statistics is commonly text-heavy, however can also additionally
comprise statistics which includes dates, numbers, and data as well.
 SEMI-STRUCTURE DATA: It is a shape of dependent statistics that doesn't obey the
tabular shape of statistics fashions related to relational databases or different sorts
of statistics tables, however although includes tags or different markers to split
semantic factors and put in force hierarchies of statistics and fields inside the
statistics. Therefore, it's also called self-describing shape. In semi-dependent
statistics, the entities belonging to the identical elegance can also additionally have
one-of-a-kind attributes despite the fact that they're grouped together, and the
attributes' order isn't important.
(d): Explain the term ‘Data Quality’ and describe how to classify ‘Good Data’.
A: Data Quality refers back to the country of qualitative or quantitative portions of
information. But records are typically taken into consideration excessive nice if it is “in
shape for supposed makes use of in operations, choice making and planning". Moreover,
records are deemed of excessive nice if it effectively represents the actual international
assemble to which it refers. Some steps to categorise appropriate records are:

 Complete a hazard evaluation of touchy records.

 Develop a formalized class policy.
 Categorize the sorts of records.
 Discover the region of your records.
 Identify and classify records.
 Enable controls.
 Monitor and maintain.
(e): Explain the term ‘Information’ and ‘Insight’, describe how in Enterprise
the ‘Information sophistication’ takes place.
A: The idea of statistics has special meanings in special contexts. Thus, the idea will become
associated with notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education,
knowledge, meaning, understanding, intellectual stimuli, pattern, perception,
representation, and entropy. Insight is the know-how of a selected reason and impact inside
a selected context. The time period perception may have numerous associated meanings:

 a chunk of information

 the act or end result of expertise the internal nature of factors or of seeing intuitively
(referred to as noesis in Greek)

 an introspection
  the electricity of acute commentary and deduction, discernment, and perception,
referred to as intellection or noesis

 an expertise of reason and impact primarily based totally on identity of relationships

and behaviours inside a model, context, or scenario (see artificial intelligence)
Information Sophistication worries the exceptional of a country's general commercial
enterprise networks in addition to the exceptional of person firms' operations and
strategies.
Question 2
(a): Discuss about four important Information Systems and the relations

with Organizational Hierarchy.

A: The different types of information system that can be found are identified through a
process of classification. Classification is simply a method by which things can be
categorized or classified together so that they can be treated as if they were a single unit.
There is a long history of classification of things in the natural world such as plants or
animals, however, Information systems are not part of the 'natural' world; they are created
and acquired by man to deal with particular tasks and problems.

 Transaction Processing Systems.

 Management Information Systems.
 Decision Support Systems.
 Executive Information Systems
(b): What is meant by the phrase “IT should flatten hierarchies” – Explain.
A: Post-industrial theories based more on history and sociology than economics also
support the notion that IT should flatten hierarchies. In post-industrial societies, authority
increasingly relies on knowledge and competence, and not merely on formal positions.
Hence, the shape of organizations should flatten because professional workers tend to be
self-managing, and decision making.
Question 3
(a): Explain with examples different number systems linked with digital data.
A:

 Decimal Number System Decimal number system is a base 10 number system having
10 digits from 0 to 9. This means that any numerical quantity can be represented
using these 10 digits. Decimal number system is also a positional value system.
 Octal number system has eight digits – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Octal number system
is also a positional value system with where each digit has its value expressed in
powers of 8.
  Hexadecimal Number System has 16 symbols – 0 to 9 and A to F where A is equal to
10, B is equal to 11 and so on till F. Hexadecimal number system is also a positional
value system with where each digit has its value expressed in powers of 16.
 Binary number system is one of the four types of number system. In computer
applications, where binary numbers are represented by only two symbols or digits,
i.e. 0 (zero) and 1(one). The binary numbers here are expressed in the base-2
numeral system. For example, (101)2 is a binary number
(b): How to convert Decimal to Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal and how to convert Binary to
Decimal, Octal to Decimal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Number Systems.

A: To convert: -

 DECIMAL TO BINARY
Converting decimal to binary number equivalents is to write down the decimal
number and to continually divide-by-2 (two) to give a result and a remainder of
either a “1” or a “0” until the final result equals zero.
 DECIMAL TO OCTAL
In case of decimal to octal, we divide the number by 8 and write the remainders in
the reverse order to get the equivalent octal number.
 DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
Divide the number by 16. Get the integer quotient for the next iteration. Get the
remainder for the hex digit. Repeat the steps until the quotient is equal to 0.
 BINARY TO DECIMAL
Write down the binary number. Starting from the left, double your previous total
and add the current digit. Double your current total and add the next leftmost digit.
Repeat the previous step.
 OCTAL TO DECIMAL
Start the decimal result at 0. Remove the most significant octal digit (leftmost) and
add it to the result. If all octal digits have been removed, you're done. Stop.
Otherwise, multiply the result by 8. Go to step 2.
 HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
Divide the number by 16. Get the integer quotient for the next iteration. Get the
remainder for the hex digit. Repeat the steps until the quotient is equal to 0.