Université de Ghardaïa

Faculté de sciences et technologies

Département de Mathématique et Informatique

Virtualization

Field: Mathematics and Computer Science

Sector: Computer Science

Module: Operating System 1.

Presented by:
• BABAHANI ILYES.
• BABAZ SEDDIK.
• BABEKER ABDALLAH.
• HADJ MAHAMMED AISSA.
• OUZAID ABD ELHAKIM.

The supervision of :
• Ms. N.Brahim.
 I. What is virtualizations:
Virtualization in computing is the process of simulating hardware and software, such as
computers operating systems, storage, and networking. And it does it in a virtual or software
environment. Virtualization is basically consolidating all of these physical servers with their
different operating systems and applications and running them on just one physical server in
a virtual environment. So now this one server is running three VMs or virtual machines. It's
running all of the different applications such as email, web services, and databases. And
they're all running side by side on one machine. But not only the applications, but it's also
running the different operating systems side by side and it's doing this all by using software
and it does it so well that when users interact with a virtual server they would interact the
same way as if they were still on multiple physical servers. They won‘t be able to tell the
difference.

II. Type of virtualizations:

1 Operating System virtualization:
OS virtualization is the use of software to allow a piece of hardware to run multiple
operating system images at the same time. The technology got its start on mainframes
decades ago, allowing administrators to avoid wasting expensive processing power.
1.1 What is Hypervisor?
the software that creates and runs the virtualization is called a hypervisor. A
hypervisor is what allows one machine to run multiple virtual machines. It allocates
and controls the sharing of a machine's resources such as storage space, RAM,
CPUs.
1.2 Type of Hypervisor:
Hypervisors come in two different types:
type 1 hypervisor is installed on bare metal hardware. Meaning that there is no
existing operating system or any other software on the machine. The hypervisor is
installed on empty, bare metal hardware.
Example of type1 hypervisor:
- VMware Esxi.
- Citrix Xen Server.
- Microsoft Hyper-V.

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 type 2 hypervisor is installed and runs on top of an existing operating system, such as
Microsoft Windows, MACOS, Linux, Unix. So the operating system sits in between
the machine and the hypervisor.
for example, we'll go ahead and create three virtual machines. So first we have to
allocate the server's hardware resources to each VM, such as how many CPUs, how
much RAM, how much storage space, and so on. And then once that is complete we
can load our different operating systems in each VM, such as Windows, Linux, and
Unix. And then we'll install whatever service and application that each VM is going
to run, such as email, a web server, and a database. And that's pretty much it. So these
three virtual machines are basically three software-based computers. They all run just
like a regular computer. They all have their own operating system software,
applications, and allocated hardware. And each VM is independent of the other.

1.3 Benefits of OS virtualization:

• It saves money on hardware and electricity because a business won't need as many
physical machines or the power that it takes to run those machines. It can just create
virtual machines instead.
• It saves money on floor space. A business won't need to purchase a lot of floor space
to accommodate a large number of machines. Another reason is maintenance and
management. Because by having physical machines it requires administrators to
maintain and manage a machine in case something happens. Such as a change in the
configuration, or equipment failure, or maybe even a fire!
• Portability. VMs on a physical machine can easily be transferred to another physical
machine if needed. So for example if the current machine that is running the virtual
machines is old and outdated, or if it's running out of space, those VMs can easily be
transferred to a new and more powerful machine very rapidly, which makes things
very convenient.
• It takes advantage of the full computing capability of a machine. And this is because
today computers and servers are so powerful that most of the time their full potential
is not being used. The software applications that they are running are not able to
utilize the machine's full potential. So, the majority of the machine's power is not
being used. But with virtualization, it can create virtual machines. So, it can push a
machine's capacity to its limit and take full advantage of a machine's capability.
• And another reason is disaster and recovery. Virtual machines are just software files
and those files can be backed up and they can be uploaded to multiple physical
machines. So if a machine goes down, the other machines will be there to take over.
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 2 Desktop virtualization:
Is virtualizing a workstation load rather than a server. This allows the user to access the
desktop remotely, typically using a thin client at the desk. Since the workstation is
essentially running in a data center server, access to it can be both more secure and
portable. The operating system license does still need to be accounted for as well as the
infrastructure.
2.1 Desktop Virtualization Benefits
• Flexibility
Users can basically access their computer applications and data on any computing
device, in any location worldwide, as long as they have internet access.

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 • Cost efficiency
Desktop virtualization contributes major cost savings to businesses as it eliminates
upfront capital expenses for equipment, extra personnel, hardware, storage,
maintenance.
• Enhanced security
Human error is the main reason that most security problems occur, not cloud
infrastructures. Reliable desktop virtualization providers avail layers of cloud
safeguards to protect one’s data and eliminate threats, such as the highest quality
encryptions, routers, switches, and continuous monitoring to ensure one’s cloud remains
safe.
• Environmentally Friendly
Generally speaking, desktop virtualization augments an organization’s ability to go
green since it eliminates their need to purchase their own hardware. Thus, drastically
reducing in-house energy usage and costs.
• Disaster recovery
With the full redundancy that desktop virtualization solutions provide, it’s easier to
recover data in case of a disaster. In practice, in case of system failure or catastrophic
physical events, data centers can pick up from where you left off, and continue running
as normal, thus minimal downtime

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 3 Application virtualization:
Application virtualization is the process of running a program in an isolated environment,
independent of the user’s operating system. This technology allows users to run
applications on their computer without having to install them.
3.1 Application Virtualization Benefits
The advantages of virtualized environments are numerous and include some of the
following, which are related to the proliferation of mobile and mixed working
environments:

• Simple Installation: The configuration process is straightforward. And once it completes,

you can easily virtualize an app to execute in several endpoints. It is no longer
recommended to install the program on every terminal.
• Simple deployment: The apps are also simple to install for customers or suppliers. The
deployment of these programs is much simpler if you only provide them with the
executables that have already been set up.
• Programs are easy to remove: All you have to do is eliminate virtualized apps. There is
no need to remove the software from each machine.
• Easy firmware upgrades: Instead of updating each desktop separately, you can upgrade
the virtual programs once from a centralized location.
• Improved Support: Help desk employees may observe and address problems with the
functioning of virtualized apps from a centralized location if there are any.

Liberation from the OSs: Virtualized programs may be utilized on any terminal, whether it
runs Microsoft, iOS, or Android because they are separate from the host platform.

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 4 Storage virtualization:
Storage virtualization is the process of combining multiple physical storage devices into
a single virtual storage device. This technology provides users with more efficient
storage solutions and reduces physical storage space requirements.
4.1 Storage Virtualization Benefits:
Virtualizing storage allows you to pool storage capacity across multiple systems. You can
easily allocate capacity and make its utilization more efficient. This is unlike disparate
systems that operate at varying capacities while others remain unused.

• Easier Data Management

It’s easier to manage data through a single panel of glass than when spread out
across different locations. Storage virtualization allows you to pool data into a single
management console and monitor it easily.
• Improved Data Security
Storage virtualization allows retrieving data from different locations to avert IT
disasters.
• Scalability
Additional benefit of virtualization storage is allowing to scale up or down your
storage. You can easily feed data to the virtual pool of storage unlike on hardware
devices.
• Easier Data Retrieval
With virtual storage, you can easily retrieve data. Since it pools data from multiple
physical storage devices, accessing data becomes simple. You don’t have to open multiple
storage devices to retrieve each piece of data.

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 5 Network virtualization:

Network virtualization is the process of creating a virtual version of a physical network.

This technology enables users to set virtual networks within their physical infrastructure,
simplifying the management of their networks and increasing flexibility.

5.1 Network Virtualization Benefits:

Network virtualization helps organizations achieve major advances in speed, agility, and
security by automating and simplifying many of the processes that go into running a data
center network and managing networking and security in the cloud. Here are some of the
key benefits of network virtualization:

• Reduce network provisioning time from weeks to minutes

• Achieve greater operational efficiency by automating manual processes
• Place and move workloads independently of physical topology
• Improve network security within the data center
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III. Tools of virtualization:
Server virtualization tool partitions physical servers into many virtual portions that can be
operated separately. Organizations utilize server virtualization tools, often known as hypervisors,
to divide dedicated servers into scalable virtual machines called virtual private servers. IT
professionals can use virtualization to create many virtual computers on the same hardware. Users
can use these tools to design self-contained virtual environments that imitate a specific piece of
hardware, such as a server. Users can run many VMs on a single server, distributing available
compute resources better across multiple applications and operating systems. The tools you
choose to assist your virtual machines will determine the success of your virtualization initiatives,
just like any other digital endeavour. Here are some of the top tools that will enhance your
virtualization projects.

1. Top 5 virtualization tools for Developers:

→ Vagrant: Vagrant is an open-source virtualization tool which developed by
Hashicorp and written in Ruby, but it can be used in projects written in other
programming languages such as PHP, Python, Java, C#, and JavaScript.

→ Microsoft Hyper-V: Microsoft released Hyper-V in 2016. Hyper-V is virtualization

software that, well, virtualizes software. It can not only virtualize operating systems but
also entire hardware components, such as hard drives and network switches.
→Red Hat Virtualization: This system was developed by Red Hat Software. It is
written in Java. Its first version was released in June 2010. Red Hat Enterprise
Virtualization, or RHEV, provides a RHEL-based centralized management server with a
web-based interface for managing virtual machines (VMs) called the RHEV Manager. Red
Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based on open standards and works with Linux and
Windows, as well as enterprise applications like SAP, SAS and Oracle.
→ VMware Workstation: With the help of this system, you can run multiple OS. This
system is for Linux or Windows OS users. This system is specially developed for IT
professionals and developers. It will help developers to develop the software to be
compatible for multiple OS/platforms.
→VMware Fusion: VMware Fusion is an easy-to-use application that gives you the
possibility to set up and use a virtual machine of the Windows operating system on
your Intel-based Mac. In addition to Windows, you can install Linux, NetWare, or
Solaris. VMware Fusion gives Mac users the power to run Windows on Mac along with
hundreds of other operating systems side by side with Mac applications, without
rebooting.

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IV. Virtualization Management:
What Is Virtualization Management?
To get the best out of virtualization, it’s important to monitor the activities of virtual
servers and machines. Virtualization management is the process of managing the
operations of a virtual environment. It involves the running, monitoring, and maintenance
of virtual servers and machines in an environment.
How Virtualization Management Works?
the virtual management tool syncs with the hypervisor to get information on the health
and status of all virtual machines. Then the system sends this information to the user as
charts and graphs in a way that the user can understand. Aside from getting information on
the health and status of virtual machines, virtualization management also involves all other
management activities, like coordinating and administrating tasks in virtual machines. For
instance, virtualization management can involve the creation, modification, and deletion of
virtual machines.
When to Use Virtualization Management:
virtualization management has become an important factor for software development
teams. For example, most firms that incorporate remote working rely on cloud computing
to execute their processes efficiently. Sometimes, teams need to create virtual machines
and servers to set up cloud computing for better communication. For large teams, these
virtual machines can become numerous and difficult to manage. To make it easier to
manage virtual infrastructures, teams integrate virtualization management into their
dashboard.

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V. General benefits of virtualization:
1. Slash your IT expenses: Utilizing a non-virtualized environment can be
inefficient because when you are not consuming the application on the server, the
compute is sitting idle and can't be used for other applications. When you
virtualize an environment, that single physical server transforms into many virtual
machines. These virtual machines can have different operating systems and run
different applications while still all being hosted on the single physical server.

2. Increase efficiency and productivity: With fewer VM, your IT teams will be
able to spend less time maintaining the physical hardware and IT infrastructure.
You’ll be able to install, update, and maintain the environment across all the
VMs in the virtual environment on the server instead of going through the
laborious and tedious process of applying the updates server-by-server. Less time
dedicated to maintaining the environment increases your team’s efficiency and
productivity.

3.Control independence and DevOps: Since the virtualized environment is

segmented into virtual machines, your developers can quickly spin up a virtual
machine without impacting a production environment. This is ideal for Dev/Test,
as the developer can quickly clone the virtual machine and run a test on the
environment.
For example, if a new software patch has been released, someone can clone the
virtual machine and apply the latest software update, test the environment, and
then pull it into their production application. This increases the speed and agility
of an application.

4.Move to be more green-friendly (organizational and environmental): When you

are able to cut down on the number of physical servers you’re using, it’ll lead to a
reduction in the amount of power being consumed. This has two green benefits:

• It reduces expenses for the business, and that money can be reinvested
elsewhere.
• It reduces the carbon footprint of the data center.

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VI. Disadvantages of virtualization:
1. It can have a high cost of implementation: The cost for the average individual or
business when virtualization is being considered will be quite low. For the providers
of a virtualization environment, however, the implementation costs can be quite
high. Hardware and software are required at some point and that means devices must
either be developed, manufactured, or purchased for implementation.
2. It still has limitations: Not every application or server is going to work within an
environment of virtualization. That means an individual or corporation may require
a hybrid system to function properly. This still saves time and money in the long
run, but since not every vendor supports virtualization and some may stop supporting
it after initially starting it, there is always a level of uncertainty when fully
implementing this type of system.
3. It creates a security risk: Information is our modern currency. the chances of being
struck by lightning are about 1 in a million. The chances of experiencing a data
breach while using virtualization? 1 in 4.
4. It creates a scalability issue: Although you can grow a business or opportunity
quickly because of virtualization, you may not be able to become as large as you’d
like. You may also be required to be larger than you want to be when first starting
out. Because many entities share the same resources, growth creates lag within a
virtualization network. One large presence can take resources away from several
smaller businesses and there would be nothing anyone could do about it.
5. It requires several links in a chain that must work together cohesively: If you
have local equipment, then you are in full control of what you can do. With
virtualization, you lose that control because several links must work together to
perform the same task. Let’s using the example of saving a document file. With a
local storage device, like a flash drive or HDD, you can save the file immediately
and even create a backup. Using virtualization, your ISP connection would need to
be valid. Your LAN or Wi-Fi would need to be working. Your online storage option
would need to be available. If any of those are not working, then you’re not saving
that file.
6. It takes time: Although you save time during the implementation phases of
virtualization, it costs users time over the long-run when compared to local systems.
That is because there are extra steps that must be followed to generate the desired
result.

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VII. How to Create a Virtual Machine:
What you need:
1) A computer with a processor that supports Virtualization.
2) At least 8-20 GB of disk space (depends on what OS you are installing) and 1 GB of
RAM.
3) Installation Media: You must have the CD/DVD or the .iso file.
4) If you are creating a VM that runs Windows you will need the Product Key.
5) An internet connection or the VirtualBox installation file.
Step 1: Download and Install VirtualBox:
Download VirtualBox from the official website Select the version for your
Operating System.
To Install VirtualBox Keep all of the default settings.
Step 2: Create a Virtual Machine:
Start VirtualBox and Click on 'New' in the menu.
Enter the Name of your VM. This is how you will identify it in VirtualBox so name it
something meaningful to you.
Select Type and Version. This depends on what OS you are installing.

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Step 3: Allocate Memory:
This depends on how much memory you have on your host computer. Never allocate
more than half of your available RAM.
If you are creating a Windows VM I recommend at least (1-2 GB)
If you are creating a Linux VM I recommend at least (512 MB)

Step 4: Setup the Hard Drive:

If you already have an existing VM that you want to add select "Use an existing
Virtual hard drive file."
Otherwise select "Create a virtual hard drive now."

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Step 5: Select Hard Drive File Type:
Select 'VDI.' This is usually the best option.
The VM will be stored in a single file on your computer with the vdi extension.

Step 6: Select Storage on Physical Hard Drive:

I recommend you choose "Dynamically allocated." This will save space on your
computer.

NOTE: "Fixed size" may have a slightly better performance, but will take up more
space on your computer.

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 Step 7: Setup File Location and Size:
By default, VirtualBox selects the minimum size you should choose.
Depending on what you want to do with the VM you may want to select a bigger
size.

NOTE: This will take up space on your computer. Do not select more space than
you are willing to give the VM.

Step 8: Install the Operating System:

Double click on your newly created VM (It will be on the left-hand side and will
have the name you gave it in Step (2).
Browse to your installation media or .iso file.
Finish installation.
The actual installation process will depend on which OS you are installing.
Start your VM.
Congratulations. You now have a functional Virtual Machine.

VIII. Conclusion:
Virtualization can offer a range of benefits to organizations, including improved
scalability, flexibility, and cost savings. However, it is important to ensure that an
organization has the necessary resources and skills to implement virtualization
successfully, as well as the necessary security tools to protect their data and applications.
Organizations should also be aware of the potential challenges associated with
virtualization, and ensure that they have the right tools in place to ensure a successful
implementation.

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