The document provides an overview of the T-test, a statistical method used to compare the means of two groups, particularly in hypothesis testing. It outlines different types of T-tests (one-tailed and two-tailed), the necessary conditions for their application, and includes examples of one-sample T-tests. Additionally, it emphasizes the assumptions required for valid results, such as normal distribution and independence of observations.
The document provides an overview of the T-test, a statistical method used to compare the means of two groups, particularly in hypothesis testing. It outlines different types of T-tests (one-tailed and two-tailed), the necessary conditions for their application, and includes examples of one-sample T-tests. Additionally, it emphasizes the assumptions required for valid results, such as normal distribution and independence of observations.
The document provides an overview of the T-test, a statistical method used to compare the means of two groups, particularly in hypothesis testing. It outlines different types of T-tests (one-tailed and two-tailed), the necessary conditions for their application, and includes examples of one-sample T-tests. Additionally, it emphasizes the assumptions required for valid results, such as normal distribution and independence of observations.
The document provides an overview of the T-test, a statistical method used to compare the means of two groups, particularly in hypothesis testing. It outlines different types of T-tests (one-tailed and two-tailed), the necessary conditions for their application, and includes examples of one-sample T-tests. Additionally, it emphasizes the assumptions required for valid results, such as normal distribution and independence of observations.
TYPES OF T-TEST: TWO-TAILED ONE-TAILED LEFT-TAILED RIGHT TAILED
T-TEST FORMULA WHAT IS A T-TEST? A T-test is a statistical test that is used to compare the means of two groups. It is often used in hypothesis testing to determine whether a process or treatment actually has an effect on the population of interest, or whether two groups are different from one another.
It is an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference
between the means of two variables.
The t-test is a test used for hypothesis testing in statistics.
a t-test requires three fundamental data values including,
difference hee tine megan values from each data set; the stand ra deviation or each group; and the number of data values. WHEN DO YOU USE A T-TEST?
A T-test can only be used when comparing the means of two groups and it isn't applicable If you want to compare more than two groups.
The T-test is a parametric test of difference, meaning that it makes the same assumptions about your data as other parametric tests. The T-test assumes your data: 1. are independent 2. are (approximately) normally distributed have a similar amount of variance within each group being compared ONE TAILED OR TWO TAILED?
one-tailed test - the critical region has just one part and can be either left-tailed or right-tailed. This is also used If you want to know whether one population mean is greater than or less than the other, perform a one-tailed t test.
two-tailed t-test - Used If you only care whether the two populations are different from one another
Left-tailed test - The critical region is in the extreme left region (tail) under the curve
Right-tailed test - The critical region is in the extreme right region (tail) under the curve ONE-SAMPLE TEST FORMULA A one sample T-test is used when you want to compare the means of a sample with a known reference mean. It uses the following null hypothesis: • H0: ɥ = ɥ0 (population mean is equal to some hypothesized value o) or is equal to a reference value
The alternative hypothesis can be either two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-tailed and is
unequal to the reference value. H1 (two-tailed): ɥ ≠ ɥ0 (population mean is not equal to some hypothesized value ɥ0)
H1 (left-tailed): ɥ < ɥ0 (population mean is less than some hypothesized value ɥ0)
H1 (right-tailed): ɥ > ɥ0 (population mean is greater than some hypothesized value ɥ0) ONE-SAMPLE TEST FORMULA where: x: sample mean ɥ0: hypothesized population mean s: sample standard deviation n: sample size ɥ: population mean the degrees of freedom are d.f.= n-1
If the p-value (statistical probability) that corresponds to the test
statistic t with (n-1) degrees of freedom is less than your chosen significance level (common choices are 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01) then you can reject the null hypothesis. ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST For the results of a one sample t-test to be valid, the following assumptions should be met:
The variable under study should be either an interval or ratio
variable. The observations in the sample should be independent. The variable under study should be approximately normally distributed. You can check this assumption by creating a histogram and visually checking if the distribution has roughly a "bell shape." The variable under study should have no outliers. You can check this assumption by creating a boxplot and visually checking for outliers. LETS TRY TO SOLVE? ONE-SAMPLE TEST EXAMPLE A nutritionist claims that the average daily intake of fiber among adults in a certain city is equal to 30 grams. To test this claim, a random sample of 30 adults is taken, and the fiber intake is measured. The sample shows a mean fiber intake of 28 grams with a standard deviation of 6 grams. Conduct a one-sample two-tailed hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine if the average fiber intake in this city is significantly different from 30 grams._ Sample mean x: 28 population mean: 30 sample size (n):30 standard deviation(s): 6 How about right tailed? ONE SAMPLE T-TEST: A nutritionist wants to determine if a new dietary supplement has resulted in an increase in the average weight gain of participants over a specific period. Historically, the average weight gain for similar dietary studies is known to be 5 pounds. After implementing the new supplement with a group of participants, the nutritionist takes a sample of 25 participants and finds that their average weight gain is 7 pounds. The sample has a standard deviation of 2 pounds. Using a significance level of a = 0.05, conduct a right-tailed one-sample t-test to determine if the dietary supplement significantly increases the average weight gain. Calculate the test statistic and compare it to the critical value. QUIZ!! Right tailed A school claims that the average score of its students on a math test is greater than 75. A teacher randomly selects a sample of 10 students and finds that their average score is 80 with a standard deviation of 10. ONE-SAMPLE TEST : RESEARCHER IS INTERESTED IN DETERMINING WHETHER A NEW TEACHING METHOD HAS A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE COMPARED TO THE TRADITIONAL METHOD. THE RESEARCHER ADMINISTERS A STANDARDIZED TEST TO A RANDOM SAMPLE OF STUDENTS WHO WERE TAUGHT USING THE NEW METHOD. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS ARE OBTAINED: SAMPLE MEAN (X): 78 POPULATION MEAN: 75 SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION (S): 10 SAMPLE SIZE (N): 20 STUDENTS REPORTERS Kobe Dwayne P Roy
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