Unit 1 Application of Soft Computing - Presentation
Unit 1 Application of Soft Computing - Presentation
Unit 1
PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES
Traditional Functional
Symbolic
Numerical Approximate Approximation
Logic
Modeling and Reasoning and Randomized
Reasoning
Search Search
2
Soft Computing
Soft computing combines different techniques
and concepts. It can handle imprecision and
uncertainty. Fuzzy logic, neurocomputing,
evolutionary and genetic programming, and
probabilistic computing are fields of soft
computing. Soft computing is designed to model
and enable solutions to real world problems,
which cannot be modelled mathematically.
The main computing paradigm of soft computing
are:
• Neural Networks
• Fuzzy systems
• Genetic Algorithms
Handwriting Recognition
Image Processing and Data Compression
Automotive Systems and Manufacturing
Soft Computing to Architecture
Decision-support Systems
Soft Computing to Power Systems
Neuro Fuzzy systems
Fuzzy Logic Control
Machine Learning Applications
Speech and Vision Recognition Systems
Process Control and So On
9
ANN: Inspired from Biological Neural
Network
BRAIN COMPUTATION
The human brain contains about 10 billion
nerve cells, or neurons. On average, each
neuron is connected to other neurons through
approximately 10,000 synapses.
Model of an ANN
X1 X2 Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
HEBB NETWORK
Donald Hebb stated in 1949 that in the brain, the learning is performed
by the change in the synaptic gap. Hebb explained it:
dw ij
~ correlation ( x i , x j )
dt
• Associative memory is produced automatically
1. Initially, the weights are set to zero, i.e. w =0 for all inputs i =1
to n and n is the total number of input neurons.
•The steps 2 to 4 are repeated for each input vector and output.
Example Of Hebbian Learning Rule
#3) The above weights are the final new weights. When the second input is
passed, these become the initial weights.
X1 X2 b y w1 w2 b W1 W2 b
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 0 2 0
-1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1
-1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 2 2 -2
Hebb Net for AND Function
FEW APPLICATION AREAS OF NEURAL
NETWORKS