International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design & Analysis of Multi-Frame for Octo & Quad Copter Drones
Swapnil Yemle1, Yogeshwar Durgude2, Ganesh Kondhalkar3, Ketan Pol4
1P.G. Student (M.E), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anantrao Pawar College of Engineering & Research,
Pune, Maharashtra, India
2Master of Science, Advanced Manufacturing, Kingston University, London
3Professor& HOD, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Anantrao Pawar College of Engineering & Research, Pune,

Maharashtra, India
4M. Tech (Thermal), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India

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Abstract - Now a day's multi-rotor commonly known as time for inspection such as cable towers, wind mills, solar
drones, are attracting much attention in media and research. farms, industrial buildings walls and dams, can be easily
Many industries are interested now in using drones because inspected with the help of drones.
they are fast, cost-effective and efficient solutions. There are
Drones come in a variety of designs, such as a fixed-wing
many different applications for drones such as parcel delivery,
drone, which looks like a plane, or a rotorcraft drone, which
rescue operations, construction drones, infrastructure
looks similar to a helicopter, though often with multiple
inspection, military operations, agriculture monitoring and rotors (usually up to eight). The latter has vertical takeoff
many more. This is very attractive opportunity for and landing capabilities and it can hover, which makes this
entrepreneurs and drone market is growing very fast. Whether design particularly attractive in close quarters, such as
it is a new initiative within a company or a new start-up, the crowded urban areas. Tilt-wing drones combine features of
problem really is what drone application is worth to develop. fixed-wing and rotorcraft drones using wings that can be
At present, drone application are many in 21st century but the swiveled. Drones may use different types of propulsive
cost of the drones are very high, so in this paper we are trying power, including internal combustion engines, electric
to reduce the cost of the frame and we are focused only on batteries, and solar and hydrogen fuel cells
frame of heavy Octocopter drones which will replacing the
Carbone fiber pipe to the aluminum pipe with simple design 1.1 Quad copter drone
concept of the drone and compacting the overall size of the
drone frame and joining with the 3D printed plastic parts. Our The most popular multi-copter on the market Quad
aim in this paper work is we are trying to reduce as much as copters is fast, easy to manufacture and affordably priced.
possible weight and cost for the Octocopter drone frame and These copters utilize four propellers to ensure that the
easy to manufacturing and assembling the frame are consider aircraft is able to lift up into the air.
while designing the frame of the drone. The design is arrange
Essentially, there is a 4 propeller layout in the design of a
in a simple way such that we can easily separate in two quad
square or rectangle around the body.
copter or easily combine in one octocopter like that multi-
functional frame design is arranged with the all parameters
are consider such that payload, battery, motors, propellers and
electronic control units etc. The frame is design in CATIA V5
CAD software and static analysis is done in ANSYS 19.2
software and find out the total deformation and stress in the
frame body of the drone.

Key Words: Quad copter drone, Octo copter drone, multi-

frame, CATIAV5, ANSYS.

1. INTRODUCTION Fig -1: Quad copter drone

Drones are now being implemented in various fields such The one obvious benefit is that with four propellers, the
as agriculture, mining, surveillance, mapping, product has a lot more power to be able to lift off of the
reconnaissance, etc. The versatility of drones has been ground this allows for more payload or overall weight to be
expanding due to the highly advanced electronics available added.
today. Imaging sensors, thermal sensors, passive infrared
sensors, obstacle detection are some of the most commonly Drones often use this design simply because it can hold a lot
used ones today. Infrastructure surveillance and of weight without raising the price of the product drastically.
maintenance is done with less use of manpower using
drones. Critical structures that require a lot of energy and

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Relatively cheap to manufacture. 3. OBJECTIVE

 Great maneuverability.
 Powerful enough to add accessories.  To design simple and multi-functional frame for higher
weight capacities (Here – 2.5 kg)
 Greater thrust and power versus tri-copters
 Simple yet aesthetically appealing design
1.2 Octo copter drone  Should be cost effective
 Easy to assemble and dissemble
The octocopter has all of the benefits seen with the 4. DESIGN
hexacopters, but with even more power. These models are
not cheap by any means and are often seen capturing the In this paper we have design the quad drone frame in the
best aerial footage available. If you’re a professional CATIA V5 CAD software as per the shown below figures
videographer, you may want to hold onto your hat because there are two type frame design as lower frame and upper
what the octocopter has to offer is simply stunning. Design- frame which is easy to assemble the parts from the packing
wise, this copter features 8 motors and propellers. These 8 box and the materials is used as per low cost of
motors provide the same benefit that the hexacopter manufacturing in which the pipe are use of aluminum
material and joint plastic parts are made by 3D printed with
provides over the quadcopter
70% fill material which is quite stronger to the strength and
we get much reduced weight for the frame design.

Fig -2: Octo copter drone

 Speed: Much faster than the competition and Reach

higher altitudes
 Control: Terrific control that is not hindered as much by
wind or rain and More powerful and reliable Fig -3: Upper Quadcopter drone frame
 Safety: You can lose any one motor and still fly these
copters just as well as you could a hexacopter.
Furthermore, you may be able to lose 2 or 3 motors
without the craft crashing down, depending on
positioning and the overall payload and Very stable
flyers, handle better in adverse weather conditions

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

In this study, the focus is on the use of drones for

industrial works and more specifically for multi-purpose
application as per the customer required to use in different
conditions like heavy and light payload operating of drone for
the industrial works and it should be easy and simple design Fig -4: Lower Quadcopter drone frame
as per the customers required to assembling the drone part
frame and others all parameter of the drone. In the above shown fig no. 3 & 4 quadcopter frame is
combining and made octocopter frame as shown below
As per the previous studies, the payload observed for the figure which made in CATIAV5 CAD software. The offset
drone in Indian manufacturing sector was restricted. So I was distance between upper and lower motor is 80mm which
given a task of improving the payload capacity for the drone. shown in octocopter side view and total length between two
To ensure the same, I was asked to go through the various motor is 600mm which is seen in octocopter top view. It is
aspects of design concepts and manufacturing processes to be shown in below fig No.5 & 6 and all other parameter are also
used. consider while making the frame design such as better
capacity and specification are taken for standard such as

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

20000mah battery and for propeller are use in battery

quad/octocopter are 14inch diameter with using standard 4 14 inch Propellers 8 446 3568 360
DJI motors are used, all other remaining parameters of 5 Ardupilot APM 2.8 1 2627 2627 43
electronic such as ESC, flight control, GPS, transmitter Flight Controller Board
/receiver, Camera & Gimbal.
6 (6061-T6SP40-100- 2meter 1250 2500 700
133) Seamless /m
Aluminum Pipe
7 3D Printed Joints 16 560 4500 200
8 GPS, transmission System and Other 17000 100
Approximately Total Cost 57311 3207

4.1 Flight Time Calculation

Quadcopter Flight Times = (Battery Capacity x Battery
Discharge /Average Amp Draw) x 60
Quadcopter Flight Times = (5200 × 4 1000) × (80%
Fig -5: Octocopter top view
30amps) x 60mins = 165.9mins

Obviously this quadcopter battery calculator is a very

simplistic calculator base on steady hover. For aerial
photography work or FPV flying which the motors will have
to spin faster, and thus pull more current. This higher
current draw will reduce flight time and your flight times
will degrade dramatically with about 75% or up to 50% of
the calculated quad copter flight time.

So, 50% is considering as per safety so we get

165.9mins/2= 82.95mins and for Octocopter Drone
Fig -6: Octocopter side view 82.95mins/2= 41.4mins (self-weight & without Payload
capacity of electronic system) While considering the self-
payload is consider as 7-10 Kg for the octocopter drone weight of system is 3207gm and payload 4000gm is taken
frame, and propellers are 4 clockwise and 4 anti-clockwise we get by analytical iteration calculation chart of Flight time
propellers are used by color combination red and blue in Vs. Payload for Drone hence practically we get 22.5mins
isometric diagram of octocopter. flight time with self-weight of the system and 9mins flight
time at maximum payload capacity.

For checking the above calculation we have compared

with xcopterCalc - Multicopter Calculator form Internet
putting all above parameters and conditions for Octocopter
drone in that calculator we got results as below shown.

Fig -7: Octocopter isometric view

Table No. 1 Approximately Cost& weight of Octocopter
drone
Sr Component Name Quantit Per Total Wt
No. y Price Price in
Rs in Rs gm
1 Electronic Speed 8 446 3568 184
Controller Fig -8: Compare with xcopterCalc - Multicopter
2 Brushless motor 8 749 5992 280
Calculator
3 Lithium polymer 4 4389 17556 1440

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. ANALYSIS 7. RESULT
The static analysis is done in ANSYS19.2 software for The results are gets after solving the all pre-processing
importing the CAD file we selected STEP file format and open work in which all conditions and parameters are set in the
the geometry is shown below software and find out the required results such as
deformation, stress and safety factor of the frame is analyzed
and shown below all results.

7.1 Total deformation

In the loading conditions of all the forces we get 0.05mm
deformation to the central of the frame and 0.83 to the edge
of the motor as below shown in the figure.

Fig -9: Import STEP files of Octocopter drone

6. PER-PROCESSING
In the pre-processing the meshing in done on the default
module in which software decide the mesh the geometry and
gives results, in this we get number of nodes 561996 and
number of element 282576 in Coarse mode. It is shown
below figure Fig -12: Total Deformation of Octocopter drone frame

7.2 Maximum principal stress

In the loading conditions of all the forces we get 367Mpa
maximum principal stress to the central of the frame and
36Mpa to the edge of the motor as below shown in the figure.

Fig -10: Meshing model of Octo copter drone

In the setup mode we decide the fix support and gives

loading conditions and apply the forces along the boundary
conditions of the setup and we are trying to get maximum
safety result according to the maximum loading condition
and applied maximum forces in all direction for the static
analysis is shown below Fig -13: Max. Principal Stress of Octocopter drone frame

7.3 Fluid flow analysis of Propellers

The velocity contours which create low velocity region at
lower side of the fuselage and higher velocity, acceleration
region at the upper side of the fuselage and according to
principle of Bernoulli's upper surface will gain low pressure
and lower surface will gain higher pressure. Hence value of
coefficient of lift will increase and coefficient of drag will also
increase but the increasing in drag is low compare to
increasing in lift force.
Fig -11: Static Setup of Octocopter drone

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Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

correlation of whole system and effect of air pressure while

lifting the Octocopter drone.

REFERENCES

[1] Ganesh Redde, Prasad Kulkarni, Prakash Patil,

“VIBRATION ANALYSIS ON FRAME AND PROPELLER OF
DRONE”, (International Journal of advance research in
science and engineering IJARSE Volume 07, Issue No. 05,
March 2018 )
Fig -14: Velocity Stream line of Octocopter drone [2] Huy X. Pham, Hung. M. La, “Autonomous UAV Navigation
Propeller Using Reinforcement Learning” arXiv preprint arXiv:
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[3] Naveen Kumar, Shivam, “Thermal Imaging based Search
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[4] Abishini A H1, Priyanka Bas B2, “DESIGN AND STATIC
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UNDERWATER DRONE”International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-
0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018
[5] Mr. Akash C. Sagari1, Mr. Pratik S. Mundada2
Fig -15: Velocity Contour of Octocopter drone Propeller “ROTORCRAFT-Design & Development ofan Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle”International Research Journal of
8. CONCLUSIONS Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017
In this study, the focus was on the use of proposed drone
[6] Ana I. de Castro, Francisco M. Jiménez-Brenes, Jorge
for industrial works more specifically for multi-purpose
Torres-Sánchez, José M. Peña,IreneBorra-Serrano and
application as per the customer requirement. The design
Francisca López-Granados,“3-D Characterization of
considerations were explicitly for generic drone uses such as
Vineyards Using a Novel UAV Imagery-Based OBIA
light and heavy duty applications, entertainment, courier
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services etc. I have tried to keep design as simple as possible
(mdpi.com/journal/remote sensing 10, 584, 2018)
so that manufacturing processes used will not cost much.
[7] Huy X. Pham, Hung. M. La, David Feil-Seifer, Luan V.
The proposed drone is user friendly and also easy to
Nguyen, “Autonomous UAV Navigation Using
understand.
Reinforcement Learning”, (arXiv:1801.05086v1 [cs.RO]
16 Jan 2018)
In this paper I have tried to reduce (approximately 30 %)
[8] PriyankaKumari, IshaRaghunath, “Unmanned Aerial
the manufacturing cost of the frame. To use it for more heavy
Vehicle (DRONE)” International Journal Of Engineering
applications, I have combined two quad copters in one
And Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume 5
octocopter. An acceptable safety factor of 3 was observed
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during static analysis of designed octocopter. This safety
[9] Moses Bangura, Marco Melega, Roberto NaldiAnd Robert
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[10] www.robu.in for costing the components of drone.
Propeller Design is carried out by importing the airfoil
section onto the datum planes. Using the ANSYS workbench
software, analysis of the Propeller and Frame were carried
out and the results obtained were within the limits. For
analyzing the propeller structure ANSYS Workbench is the
most efficient software. To achieve optimal aerodynamic
performance, the only option would be to design a propeller
to suit the specific application of high thrust upward
propulsion and can improve the current flight time of
Octocopter drone for the heavy applications. After checking
the propellers analysis and frame we have to check

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