Instruction Manual

3197
POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER

May 2012 Revised edition 7 3197A981-07 12-05H

 i
Contents

Contents
Introduction.................................................................................1 1
Confirming Package Contents....................................................2
Safety Information ......................................................................4
Operating Precautions................................................................7 2
Operating Procedure Descriptions in this Manual ....................12

Chapter 1 3
Overview ____________________________________13
1.1
1.2
Product Overview .......................................................13
Features .....................................................................14
4
1.3 Measurement Flowchart .............................................17


Initial instrument preparations ...................................................19
Install and connect the instrument, and turn the power on .......19
5
 Other preparations ....................................................................19

6
 Confirming Instrument Settings and Connecting to the Lines to
be Measured .............................................................................20
 Start recording and analyze recorded measurement data. .......21

Chapter 2 7
Names and Functions of Parts and Basic
Setup ________________________________________23
2.1 Panel and Operating Keys .........................................23 8
2.2 Basic Operations ........................................................27

9
2.3 Screen Configurations ................................................28
2.4 Common Screen Elements ........................................32
2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory Usage ...........34
 When Memory Partitioning is Disabled (Partition: [OFF]) .........34
 Using Memory Partitioning (Partition: [ON]) ..............................35

Chapter 3
Measurement Preparations _________________37
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations ...................................37
 Apply the appropriate label to the input terminals .....................37 A
 Apply the appropriate labels to the voltage measurement and
clamp sensor leads ...................................................................38
 Attach the strap .........................................................................38
Index
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Contents

 Install the 9459 Battery Pack .................................................... 39

 Charge the 9459 Battery Pack .................................................. 40
3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter ....................................... 41
3.3 Connecting the Voltage Cords .................................. 42
3.4 Connecting Clamp Sensors ....................................... 44
3.5 Turning the Power On and Off ................................... 46
3.6 Other Preparations .................................................... 48
 Select the screen color scheme to match the input terminal
labels ........................................................................................ 48
 Select the naming convention to be applied to each phase
line measurement on the display .............................................. 49
3.7 Auxiliary Function (KEY LOCK) ................................. 51
3.8 Auxiliary Function (Save screen image) ................... 52

Chapter 4
Pre-Measurement and System Settings ___ 53
4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings) ................................... 54
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method
(SYSTEM Screen)[MEASURE] ................................. 57
 Selecting the Line Frequency (Frequency) ............................... 58
 Setting the Wiring Method (Wiring) ........................................... 58
 Setting the Line Voltage (Nominal Line Voltage) of the Lines to
be Measured ............................................................................. 59
 Selecting the Clamp Sensor Model and Current Range ........... 60
 Setting the PT Ratio (when measuring using a transformer) .... 61
 Setting the CT Ratio (when measuring using a transformer) .... 61
 Selecting the Voltage Harmonic Calculation Method ................ 62
 Selecting the Power Factor Calculation Method (PF Type) ...... 62
4.3 Setting the Recording Method [REC&EVENT] .......... 63
 Setting the Method for Recording to Internal Memory (Partition) 63
 Setting the Recording Interval (Interval) ................................... 64
 Setting Demand Period ............................................................. 65
 Setting Recording Start and Stop Times .................................. 66
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT] .................... 67
 Start Event/ Stop Event ........................................................... 68
 Manual Events .......................................................................... 68
 Setting Timed Events ................................................................ 69
 Setting Inrush Events ................................................................ 69
 Setting Transient Events ........................................................... 70
 Setting Voltage Swell, Dip and Interruption Events .................. 71
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Contents

4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings

[SYSTEM] ..................................................................72

1
Displaying the Instrument's Version Number (Version) .............72
 Changing the Display Language (Language) ............................73
 Changing Screen Colors (Color) ...............................................73
 Enable or Disable Beep Sounds (Beep) ...................................74


Setting the LCD Backlight Timeout (Backlight) .........................74
Adjusting Screen Contrast (Contrast) .......................................75
2
 Setting the Clock (Clock) ...........................................................76

3
 Viewing the Serial No. ...............................................................76
4.6 Initializing the Instrument (System Reset) ..................77

Chapter 5
Making Connections and Starting & 4
Stopping Measurement _____________________79
5.1 Pre-Operation Inspection ...........................................79
5
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured ...................81
5.3 Verifying Correct Wiring (Connection Check) ............86
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording ...............................88 6
 Starting and Stopping Recording Without Memory Partitioning
(Partition: OFF) .........................................................................89
 Starting and Stopping Recording with Partitioned Memory
(Partition: ON) ...........................................................................92
7
5.5 Erasing Data ..............................................................93
5.6 Recovering From a Long-Term Power Outage ..........94 8
Chapter 6
Viewing Data ________________________________95
9
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen) .............96
 Holding the Screen Display..... (Common to all VIEW screens) 96
 Viewing Waveforms [WAVEFORM] ..........................................97
 Vector Display [VECTOR] .........................................................98
 Displaying Harmonics [HARMONICS] ......................................99
 Displaying the DMM Screen (voltage, current and instantaeous
power values)[DMM] ...............................................................101
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen) 102
 Common Operations and Screen Items
(Common to TIME PLOT screens) ..........................................102 A
 Displaying the Rms Fluctuation Graph [RMS] .........................103
 Displaying a Voltage Fluctuation Graph [DIP/SWELL] ............105
 Displaying a Demand Graph [DEMAND] ................................106 Index
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Contents

 Displaying an Energy Consumption Graph [ENERGY] .......... 107

6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen) . 108
 Viewing the [RMS WAVE] Screen .......................................... 108
 Viewing the [INRUSH] Screen ................................................ 109
 Detection Methods and Recording Contents of Events .......... 110
 Operations Common to the EVENT Screens ......................... 114
 Viewing Event Detection Details [DETAILS] ........................... 117
 Displaying Detected Event Waveforms [WAVEFORM] .......... 120
 Displaying Detected Voltage Fluctuation Events [RMS WAVE] 121
 Displaying Detected Inrush Current Events [INRUSH] ........... 122
6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State) .............. 123
 Viewing Only Data Recorded in Memory Partition No. 1 ........ 123
 Viewing Data Recorded in Multiple Memory Partitions ........... 124
 Analyzing TIME PLOT data .................................................... 125
 Analyzing EVENT data ........................................................... 125

Chapter 7
Viewing Data on a Computer______________ 127
7.1 Overview .................................................................. 127
 PC System Requirements ...................................................... 128
 Files on the CD ....................................................................... 128
 Preparing to Run the Application Programs ........................... 129
 Running the Application Programs ......................................... 129
7.2 Installing JRE ........................................................... 130
7.3 Installing the Application Programs ......................... 132
7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the
Supplied USB Cable ................................................ 134
7.5 Starting the Instrument Application Programs ......... 138

Chapter 8
Specifications _____________________________ 139
8.1 General Specifications ............................................. 139
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters ..144
8.3 Event Specifications ................................................ 150
8.4 Function Specifications ............................................ 152
8.5 Calculation Formulas ............................................... 156

Chapter 9
Maintenace and Service___________________ 163
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Contents

9.1 Troubleshooting .......................................................163

9.2 Cleaning ...................................................................165
9.3 Battery Pack Replacement and Disposal .................166
1
9.4 Disposing of the Instrument .....................................167

Appendix ___________________________________ A1 2
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings ........................ A1
Appendix 2 Relation Between Graph Divisions and Time ............. A5
Appendix 3 3197 Data-header Composition.................................. A7
3
Appendix 4 Displayed and Measurement Ranges ........................ A8
Appendix 5 Power Range Structure .............................................. A9 4
Appendix 6 Clamp Sensor Combined Accuracy.......................... A10
Appendix 7 How to Resolve USB Data Transfer Problems ......... A11
Appendix 8 List of Settings (Default Settings) ............................. A13 5
Appendix 9 Definitions ................................................................. A14
 Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in
Power Quality .................................................................. A14 6
 Power Measurement by the Two-Meter Method, and U3,
I3 Measurement Theory .................................................. A16
 Terminology ..................................................................... A18
7
Index __________________________________ Index 1
8

Index
vi
Contents
 1
Introduction

Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI Model 3197 Power Quality Ana-
lyzer. To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read
this manual carefully, and keep it handy for future reference.

In this document, the “instrument” means the Model 3197 Power Quality
Analyzer.

Optional clamp-on sensors (or clamp-on leakage sensors (p. 3)) are
required to measure current with this instrument. These are called clamp
sensors in the rest of this manual.
Refer to the manual provided with the clamp sensors for details.

Registered trademarks
• Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the
United States and/or other countries.
• Sun, Sun Microsystems and Java are trademarks or registered trade-
marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the USA and other countries.
• Adobe and Reader are either registered trademarks or trademarks of
Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other coun-
tries.
2
Confirming Package Contents

Confirming Package Contents

When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage
occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches,
and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the
specifications, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.

Confirm that these contents are provided.

Accessories
 Model 3197 Power Quality Analyzer
 Instruction Manual............................. 1

 Measurement Guide ......................... 1

 PC application program for Model 3197

 9418-15 AC Adapter (CD) .................................................. 1
(AC power cord included) .................. 1

Install these on the instrument before oper-

 9459 Battery Pack ............................ 1
ating (p. 37)

 Measurement lead labels..........1 sheet

L9438-55 Voltage Cord (For channel identification of the voltage measure-
ment and clamp sensor leads)
(Four black voltage cords)..........1 set
(p. 38)

 USB Cable........................................ 1  Input terminal labels .................1 sheet

(Apply the appropriate labels around the input termi-
nals according to usage)

 Carrying Case................................... 1 (p. 37)

 Strap ....................................................
(p. 38)
 3
Confirming Package Contents

Options

For the details, contact your supplier or Hioki representative for details.
Clamp-On Sensor Products (voltage-output type)
Clamp-On 9660 9661 9669 9694 9695-02 9695-03
Sensors

(Arms current 100 500 1000 5 50 100

rating)
Accessory: Model 9219 Connection Cable (for Models 9695-02 and -03)

Flexible 9667 Clamp-On 9657-10 9675

Clamp-On Leakage
Sensors Sensors
(for measur-
ing leakage
current)

(Arms current 500, 5000 (Arms current 10 10

rating) rating)

Software (PC application programs)

For computer analysis of measurement data
 9624-50 PQA-HiVIEW PRO

Power Sources
 9418-15 AC Adapter (includes power cord)
 9459 Battery Pack
4
Safety Information

Safety Information

This instrument is designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety Stan-

dards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to ship-
ment. However, mishandling during use could result in injury or
death, as well as damage to the instrument. However, using the
instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the
provided safety features.
Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in
the manual before use. We disclaim any responsibility for acci-
dents or injuries not resulting directly from instrument defects.

This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe opera-
tion of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition.
Before using it, be sure to carefully read the following safety precautions.

Safety Symbols

In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly important infor-

mation that the user should read before using the instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user
should refer to a corresponding topic in the manual (marked with the
symbol) before using the relevant function.
Indicates DC (Direct Current).
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).

Indicates a grounding terminal.

Indicates the ON side of the power switch.

Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.

The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of

cautions and warnings.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents an extreme hazard
that could result in serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard
that could result in serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury
to the user or damage to the instrument.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct
operation of the instrument.
 5
Safety Information

Other Symbols

Indicates the prohibited action.

(p. ) Indicates the location of reference information.

Indicates quick references for operation and remedies for trouble-
shooting.
* Indicates that descriptive information is provided below.
[ ] Screen labels such as menu items, setting items, dialog titles and
buttons are indicated by square brackets [ ].
SET Bold characters within the text indicate operating key labels.
(Bold)
Unless otherwise specified, “Windows” represents Windows 95, 98, Me, Wid-
ows NT4.0, Windows 2000, or Windows XP.

Accuracy We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg. (reading)
and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings:
• f.s. (maximum display value or scale length)
The maximum displayable value or scale length. This is usually the name of
the currently selected range.
• rdg. (reading or displayed value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring instru-
ment.
6
Safety Information

Measurement categories

This instrument complies with CAT III (600 V) and CAT IV (300 V) safety require-
ments.
To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010 establishes
safety standards for various electrical environments, categorized as CAT II to
CAT IV, and called measurement categories. These are defined as follows.

CAT II: Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an AC electrical

outlet by a power cord (portable tools, household appliances, etc.)
CAT II covers directly measuring electrical outlet receptacles.
CAT III: Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed installations) con-
nected directly to the distribution panel, and feeders from the distribu-
tion panel to outlets.
CAT IV: The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and to the
power meter and primary overcurrent protection device (distribution
panel).

Using a measurement i n s t r u m e n t in an environment designated with a

higher-numbered category than that for which the instrument is rated could re-
sult in a severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
Use of a measurement instrument that is not CAT-rated in CAT II to CAT IV
measurement applications could result in a severe accident, and must be care-
fully avoided.
 7
Operating Precautions

Operating Precautions
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full
benefits of the various functions.

Before Use

• Before using the instrument the first time, verify that it operates nor-
mally to ensure that the no damage occurred during storage or ship-
ping. If you find any damage, contact your dealer or Hioki
representative.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the
L9438-55 Voltage Cord and clamp sensor leads is undamaged, and
that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the instrument
in such conditions could cause an electric shock, so contact your
dealer or Hioki representative for replacements.

Instrument Installation
• Operating temperature and humidity:
0 to 40°C at 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
• Temperature and humidity range for guaranteed accuracy:
23±5°C, 80%RH or less

Avoid the following locations that could cause an accident or damage

to the instrument.
Exposed to direct sun-
In the presence of cor-
light
rosive or explosive
Exposed to high tem-
gases
perature
Exposed to strong
Exposed to liquids
electromagnetic fields
Exposed to high hu-
Near electromagnetic
midity or condensation
radiators
Exposed to high levels
Subject to vibration
of particulate dust

Placement
Do not place the instrument on an unstable or slanted surface.
Using without the stand Using with the stand
See: "Opening and closing
the stand"(p. 26)
8
Operating Precautions

Handling the Instrument

• Do not allow the instrument to get wet, and do not take measure-
ments with wet hands. This may cause an electric shock.
• Never modify the instrument. Only Hioki service engineers
should disassemble or repair the instrument. Failure to observe
these precautions may result in fire, electric shock, or injury.
• To avoid electric shock when measuring live lines, wear appro-
priate protective gear, such as insulated rubber gloves, boots
and a safety helmet.

To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when

transporting and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock
from dropping.
This instrument may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such use must be
avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions
to prevent interference to the reception of radio and television broadcasts.

Handling the cords and clamps

Connect the clamp-on sensors or voltage cords to the instrument

first, and then to the active lines to be measured.
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and short circuits.
• To avoid short circuits and potentially life-threatening hazards,
never attach the clamp to a circuit that operates at more than the
maximum rated voltage to earth (9660: 300 VAC, 9661: 600 VAC,
9667: 1000 VAC, 9669: 600 VAC, 9694:300 VAC), or over bare con-
ductors.
Maximum rated voltage to earth Clamp sensors
AC1000 V 9667
AC600 V 9661, 9669
9660, 9694, 9695-02, 9695-03,
AC300 V
9657-10, 9675

• Clamp sensor and voltage cords should only be connected to the

secondary side of a breaker, so the breaker can prevent an acci-
dent if a short circuit occurs. Connections should never be made
to the primary side of a breaker, because unrestricted current
flow could cause a serious accident if a short circuit occurs.
• Do not allow the voltage cord clips to touch two wires at the
same time. Never touch the edge of the metal clips.
• Use only the supplied L9438-55 Voltage Cord to connect the
product input terminals to the circuit to be tested.
• When the clamp sensor is opened, do not allow the metal part of
the clamp to touch any exposed metal, or to short between two
lines, and do not use over bare conductors.
 9
Operating Precautions

• Avoid stepping on or pinching cables, which could damage the cable

insulation.
• To avoid breaking the cables, do not bend or pull them.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when
unplugging it from the power outlet.
• Keep the cables well away from heat sources, as bare conductors
could be exposed if the insulation melts.
• Be careful to avoid dropping the clamps or otherwise subjecting them
to mechanical shock, which could damage the mating surfaces of the
core and adversely affect measurement.
• Be careful when handling the cords, since the conductor being mea-
sured may become very hot.
• When disconnecting the BNC connector, be sure to release the lock
before pulling off the connector. Forcibly pulling the connector without
releasing the lock, or pulling on the cable, can damage the connector.

Before Turning Power On

Battery Pack Operation

• For battery operation, use only the HIOKI Model 9459 Battery
Pack. We cannot accept responsibility for accidents or damage
related to the use of any other batteries.
See: "Charge the 9459 Battery Pack"(p. 40)
"9.3 Battery Pack Replacement and Disposal" (p. 166)
AC Adapter Operation
• Use only the supplied Model 9418-15 AC Adapter. AC adapter
input voltage range is 100 to 240 VAC (with ±10% stability) at 50/60
Hz. To avoid electrical hazards and damage to the instrument, do
not apply voltage outside of this range.
• Turn the instrument off before connecting the AC adapter to the
instrument and to AC power.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifica-
tions of this instrument, connect the power cord only to a 3-con-
tact (two-conductor + ground) outlet.
• Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage
matches that indicated on the its power connector. Connection to
an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and
present an electrical hazard.
See: "3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter" (p. 41)
10
Operating Precautions

Input and Measurement Precautions

• The maximum input voltage is as follows:

Voltage input section: 780 Vrms, 1103 V peak.Current input sec-
tion: 1.7 Vrms, 2.4 V peak
Attempting to measure voltage in excess of the maximum input
could destroy the instrument and result in personal injury or
death.
• The maximum rated voltage between the inputs and ground is
600 Vrms AC.To avoid damage to the instrument and personal
injury, never attempt to measure voltage that exceeds this rated
voltage above ground.

• The voltage input terminals U1, U2, and U3 are not isolated from one
another.
To avoid electric shock accidents, use care to prevent wires from inad-
vertently touching the wrong input terminals whenever voltage is
present.
• Note that the instrument may be damaged if current or voltage
exceeding the selected measurement range is applied for a long time
• When the power is turned off, do not apply voltage or current to the
voltage input terminals or clamp sensor. Doing so may damage the
product.
• To prevent damage to the instrument and sensor, never connect or
disconnect a sensor while the power is on, or while the sensor is
clamped around a conductor.

Correct measurement may be impossible in the presence of strong

magnetic fields, such as near transformers and high-current conduc-
tors, or in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields such as near
radio transmitters.
Measurement values
• To ensure measurements are precise, warm up the instrument for at
least 30 minutes after plugging it in.
• This instrument is designed to measure commercial power lines with a
frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. It cannot measure power lines of other fre-
quencies or power lines where the waveforms are controlled using an
inverter.
• This instrument cannot measure power lines with superposed direct
current.
• This instrument uses algorithms to measure values for input voltage
and current waveforms using (see the specifications). On device using
different operation principles or algorithms differ, differences in mea-
surement values may result.
• When the display value for voltage or current is less than 1% of the
range, zero is displayed.
 11
Operating Precautions

Using VT and CT

• When the voltage or current for the power line being measured
exceeds the maximum rated input for this device, use an external PT
or CT.
• When using an external PT or CT, make sure you use a device with a
minimal phase difference. By setting the PT or CT ratio, you can read
measurement values directly.

Instrument Storage
• The storage temperature range is -10 to 50°C at relative humidity not
exceeding 80%.
• The battery pack should be removed when the instrument is stored.
Store the battery pack in a cool place.
• The instrument should be recalibrated before use after long-term stor-
age.

CD Handling

• Always hold the disc by the edges, so as not to make fingerprints on

the disc or scratch the printing.
• Never touch the recorded side of the disc. Do not place the disc
directly on anything hard.
• Do not wet the disc with volatile alcohol or water, as there is a possibil-
ity of the label printing disappearing.
• To write on the disc label surface, use a spirit-based felt pen. Do not
use a ball-point pen or hard-tipped pen, because there is a danger of
scratching the surface and corrupting the data. Do not use adhesive
labels.
• Do not expose the disc directly to the sun's rays, or keep it in condi-
tions of high temperature or humidity, as there is a danger of warping,
with consequent loss of data.
• To remove dirt, dust, or fingerprints from the disc, wipe with a dry
cloth, or use a CD cleaner. Always wipe radially from the inside to the
outside, and do no wipe with circular movements. Never use abra-
sives or solvent cleaners.
• Hioki shall not be held liable for any problems with a computer system
that arises from the use of this CD, or for any problem related to the
purchase of a Hioki product.
12
Operating Procedure Descriptions in this Manual

Operating Procedure Descriptions in this Manual

Indicates items you can

Indicates the screens you can select by the cursor keys,
Operating keys select by pressing the key. and the current selection.

Indicates items you can select from the pull-down menus, and their descriptions.
 13
1.1 Product Overview

Overview Chapter 1
1
1.1 Product Overview
The 3197 Power Quality Analyzer is a measurement instrument designed to
detect power line anomalies and to analyze the power quality of power lines.
Power lines can be monitored and recorded for anomalies over long periods, and the causes
of anomalies can be analyzed by comparing measurements with particular standard charac-
teristics. In addition, utilizing remote computer control, abnormal events at a remote site can
be noticed as soon as they occur. Measurement data recorded in internal memory can be
transferred to a computer for analysis by PC application program for Model 3197.

Power Quality Deterioration

Flickering light bulbs, short bulb life, malfunctioning office machines, intermittent device opera-
tion, overheating of equipment with capacitively compensated reactance, overloads, opposite-
and missing-phase relays sometimes occur.

Connect the instrument to the lines to be measured.

Verify the vectors and wave- Observe voltage Verify energy consumption
forms of three-phase power fluctuations of commercial and load demand at distribu-
sources. power and determine the oc- tion panels.
Three-phase voltage/ currence of events.
Energy consumption and
current waveform and Power quality measurement demand measurement
vector displays

Verify inrush current, such as Capture images of

upon motor startup. measurement conditions.

Inrush current measurement Display screens can be cap-

tured as BMP files (p. 52).

Remote Control

The instrument can be remotely

USB controlled by a computer using
Verify conditions of harmonic the supplied USB cable and
power and distortion special-purpose PC application
Harmonic measurement programs.

Data transfer and analysis

Transfer data to a computer connected to the instrument by USB ca-
ble, and view measurement data using the supplied PC application
program for Model 3197 (p. 127).
Optional analytical application programs are also available for precise
data analysis.
14
1.2 Features

1.2 Features

Supports various power line wiring configurations

Measures three channels of voltage and current.
With just one instrument, measure voltage, current and power on single-
phase 2-wire, single-phase 3-wire, three-phase 3-wire and three-phase
4-wire systems.
Neutral current in three-phase 4-wire systems is available by calculation.

Vector multi-meter function

Measurement line wiring connections can be checked from the initial
screen.
Verify phase detection (vector check), measure voltage and current, and
check for miswired connections on a single screen.

Basic Setup
Use "Basic Setup" to configure settings for the wiring configuration con-
nections and the clamp sensors to be used. Standard line frequencies
and voltages are detected and set automatically. The default settings
can be used for detecting typical events.

Automatic data recording compression function

This function begins recording at one-second intervals and automatically
lengthens the recording interval to up to an hour as internal memory fills.
This function helps to ensure that suitable data quantities are acquired
for analysis, whether the overall measurement period is short or long.
This function supports continuous measurement sessions of up to about
125 days.

Broad selection of clamp sensors

Select from our present line of voltage-output type clamp sensors
• Clamp-on sensor Models 9660, 9661, 9669, 9694, 9695-02, 9695-03
• Clamp-on leak sensor Models 9657-10, 9675
• Flexible clamp-on sensor Model 9667
 15
1.2 Features

Simultaneous measurement of various power quality parameters

The following power quality parameters can be simultaneously mea-

1
sured and recorded.
• Transient overvoltage (impulse)
• Voltage swells, voltage dips, interruptions, frequency, voltage, voltage
waveform peaks, current, current waveform peaks, active power,
apparent power, reactive power, power factor, displacement power
factor, voltage unbalance factor, harmonic voltage, harmonic current,
harmonic power, fundamental voltage phase difference, fundamental
current phase difference, total harmonic voltage distortion factor
(THD-F), K factor, active power value, reactive power value, active
power demand, reactive power demand
See: "Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in Power Quality"
(p. A14)

Display time series plots of rms values and voltage fluctuations

Record and display fluctuations in various power quality parameters as a
time series plot.
Display and record calculated maximum, average and minimum values
during each measurement interval.
Rms voltage is calculated for one waveform shifted by half of a cycle,
and is recorded and displayed as a time series plot of voltage fluctua-
tions to detect voltage swell, voltage dip and interruption events.

Measure demand and energy consumption

Measure polarity-specific demand parameters such as consumption,
regeneration, lag, lead and energy consumption. Demand and energy
consumption can be verified on a time series plot.

Event detection function

Set thresholds at which to detect and record events while measuring.
Detected events can be analyzed using the event monitor, event list or
event waveform display.
Event detection is available for voltage swells, voltage dips (instanta-
neous dips), interruptions, inrush current, transient overvoltage, timed
and manually triggered events.

Measure inrush current

Measure motor startup current. Rms current is recorded for 30 seconds
and displayed graphically.

Internal memory with backup battery preserves recorded mea-

surement data
Measurement data is recorded into the 4 MB internal memory and
retained by a lithium-ion battery that should not require replacement for
about 10 years. So data is preserved even during power outages.
16
1.2 Features

Color LCD included

The instrument includes a 4.7-inch color STN liquid crystal display.
Numerical values, waveforms and graphs are clearly displayed.

Selectable display languages

Select English, Chinese, Japanese, or other language display text. Help
messages describing the settings appear in the selected language

Selectable channel (input terminal) colors

Select from five channel color schemes.
Match the screen display colors (waveforms, vectors and numerical val-
ues) to the input terminal and measurement lead labels.

AC adapter and rechargeable battery pack included

The AC adapter and NiMH rechargeable battery pack are included as
standard accessories. The battery can be charged whether the instru-
ment is turned on or off, and powers the instrument for up to six hours of
continuous operation.

Hand-held design
The instrument weighs only 1.2 kg, and the rubber grip makes it comfort-
ably hand portable.

USB 2.0 interface and PC application program for Model 3197

are included
The instrument can be remotely controlled, and data can be transferred
and analyzed on a computer using the supplied USB cable and special-
purpose PC application programs.

Detect wiring connections

Detection of phases, disconnected voltage cords and reverse-connected
clamp sensors can be determined from the Wiring Confirmation screen,
so miswiring can be avoided when measuring.

Optional data analysis application programs

Detailed analysis of measurement data recorded by the instrument is
available with the optional Model 9624-50 PQA-HiView PRO data analy-
sis application programs.
 17
1.3 Measurement Flowchart

1.3 Measurement Flowchart

First Steps Upon Unpacking Flow process descriptions are also on page 19 to
page 21 .
1
See: 3.1 (p. 37)

Install & Connect

See: "Instrument Installation" (p. A7)
3.2 (p. 41)
3.3 (p. 42) Install the Connect the
3.4 (p. 44) instrument instrument cables Turn power on
3.5 (p. 46)

Make Instrument Settings

See: Chapter 4 (p. 53)

Basic Setup Advanced Setup (to change settings)

Execute Basic Setup to configure mini- Make settings as needed to change thresh-
mal settings such as the wiring configu- old levels or to specify recording times.
ration for recording measurements.

Confirm Measurement Measure instaneous data

Connections without recording
See: 5.2 (p. 81), 5.3 (p. 86)
On the screen, verify that the instru-
ment is properly connected to the lines
When finished Turn power off
to be measured (Wiring Con-
firmation screen).

Measure
See: 5.4 (p. 88)
Manual recording Time controlled
recording

Measure automatically at preset start time

Finish
Stop automatically at preset stop time
See: 5.4 (p. 88) To immediately stop measuring

Go to the next page.

18
1.3 Measurement Flowchart

Analyze Recording Data See: Chapter 6 (p. 95)

View data on the instrument View data on a computer

Connect the instrument to a computer
View instaneous data
using the supplied USB cable. Then us-
View recorded time series data ing the supplied PC application program
View recorded anomaly waveforms for Model 3197, transfer recorded data
for analysis.

Finish Turn the power off

 19
1.3 Measurement Flowchart

1 Initial instrument preparations

1
 Apply the appropriate label to the input terminals (p. 37)
 Apply the appropriate labels to the voltage measurement and clamp sensor leads
(p. 38)
 Attach the strap (p. 38)
 Install the 9459 Battery Pack (p. 39), and charte it (p. 40).

2 Install and connect the instrument, and turn the power on

1 Install
(p. 7)
this instrument Refer to "5.1 Pre-Operation Inspection" (p. 79)
before using the instrument.

2 Connect the required 3 Connect the required clamp

measurement leads to sensors to the current input
the voltage input termi- terminals (p. 44).
nals (p. 42).

4 Connect the power cord. To use a computer

Connect the USB cable to the
(p. 41) USB port on the instrument.
1. Connect power cord to the (p. 134)
AC adapter.

5 Turn the power on

2. Plug the AC adapter into
the instrument.
3. Connect the power cord to
a power outlet. (p. 46).

OFF
ON

The POWER LED flashes.

3 Other preparations

 Select another display language (p. 47)

 Select the screen color scheme to match the input terminal labels (p. 48)
 Select the naming convention to be applied to each phase line measurement on
the display (p. 49)
20
1.3 Measurement Flowchart

4
Confirming Instrument Settings and Connecting to the Lines to
be Measured

1 Make the required settings before

connecting (p. 57).
Select the appropriate wiring configura-
tion and clamp sensor model settings.

2 Select the appropriate wiring con-

figuration and clamp sensor model
settings (p. 81).

3 Confirm the correct connection

status (p. 86).
Confirm measurement values and vector
display.

4Basic Setup Advanced Setup

measurement Make the appropri-
values and vector ate settings for
display measurement as
occasion demands
(p. 53).
Set measurement and
recording conditions
Press to such as the recording
select Basic Setup, method (memory parti-
and press to tioning and interval)
execute (p. 54). and event settings.

Before starting recording, confirm that the instrument's clock

shows the correct time. If not, set the clock (p. 76).
Note that correct clock setting is especially important when record-
ing start and end times are specified.
 21
1.3 Measurement Flowchart

5 Start recording and analyze recorded measurement data.

Starting and stopping

measurement by key presses
Recording measurements at a
specified time
1
Set the timers beforehand (p. 66)
Start recording Stop recording
measurements measurements Start Time Stop Time

[RECORDING] [WAITING] [RECORDING]

• Settings cannot be changed while recording. To change a setting, first press the
START/STOP key to stop measuring.
• When you press the START/STOP key while recording, a confirmation message asks
whether you want to temporarily stop recording. Press the ENTER key to stop the
measurement.
• Enable the KEY LOCK function to avoid inadvertent key operations while record-
ing.(p. 51)
• To restart, press the DATA RESET key.

Analyze instaneous Analysis can be performed during or after recording

measurement data

Viewing instaneous
data (p. 29)

Analyze recorded Analysis can be performed in the same way during

measurement data or after recording
Viewing changes Select views of trends,
over time demand and energy con-
(time series data) sumption.
(p. 30)

Viewing data
anomalies Verify detailed event wave-
(when an event forms, graphs and the num-
occurs) (p. 31) ber of occurrences.

USB Using remote control

View on cable
a computer Transfer data
Analyze data
Computer 3197 (p. 127)
See the references for details
22
1.3 Measurement Flowchart
 23
2.1 Panel and Operating Keys

Names and Functions of Parts

and Basic Setup Chapter 2

2.1 Panel and Operating Keys 2

Front Panel

Display Screen
4.7-inch STN color
LCD

Operating Keys
(p. 25)

POWER LED (green)

This LED flashes when the power switch is on, operating from the AC
adapter or battery. The flashing state depends on the operating condi-
tions. (p. 46)
24
2.1 Panel and Operating Keys

Left Side
Strap Hole
(p. 38)

AC Adapter socket
Connect the supplied Model 9418-15
AC Adapter. (p. 41)

CHARGE LED (red)

This LED lights when the battery is
charging. (p. 40)

POWER Switch
Turns the instrument on and off.
Power Off
Power On
(p. 46)

USB Port
(USB 2.0 mini-B receptacle)
Open the dust cap and connect the USB cable.
Connect to a computer to transfer data or operate
remotely. (p. 127)

Top Panel
N U1 U2 U3
Voltage Input Terminals (p. 42)
Connect the supplied Model L9438-55 Volt-
age Cord (voltage cords).

Current Input Terminals (p. 44)

Connect optional clamp sensors.

Apply one of the supplied input terminal la-

I1 I2 I3 bels. (p. 37)
Attach the corresponding labels to the
clamp sensor and voltage cords. (p. 38)
 25
2.1 Panel and Operating Keys

Operating Keys Display screen selection

Operating Functions Function selection

Start/stop recording Switch screens

The screen switches each
Data reset time you press a key
Saving screen image
See: "2.3 Screen Configura-
tions"(p. 28)
2

Making Settings Accept settings Moving the screen cursor

Cancel settings / Enable or Disable the key operations

Selects from the functions displayed along the bot-

Function keys tom of the screen. Displayed functions depend on
the selected screen.
Displays the SYSTEM screen for setting instrument
SYSTEM key measurement status and checking connections.
(p. 28)
Displays the VIEW screen to show measured data in
VIEW key
waveform, vector, harmonics or DMM views. (p. 29)
Displays the TIME PLOT screen for analyzing mea-
TIME PLOT key surement data fluctuations as a time series plot.
(p. 30)
Displays the EVENT screen for analyzing data when
EVENT key
an event occurs. (p. 31)

These keys move the cursor on the screen, and

Cursor keys scroll time series graphs.

Accepts and applies selections and changed set-

ENTER key
tings.
Cancels selections and changed settings and reverts
ESC / KEY to the original settings.
LOCK key KEY LOCK (disables the operating keys): hold for
three seconds to lock or unlock the keys.(p. 51)
Starts and stops recording (p. 33)
START / STOP
To restart recording: Press the DATA RESET key to
key
clear the data, then press this key.
DATA RESET Press this key to return to the [SET] state from the
key [ANALYZE] state. (p. 34)
HARD COPY
Saves the screen image as a bitmap (BMP format)
(Screen shot)
file in internal memory. (p. 52)
key
26
2.1 Panel and Operating Keys

Rear Panel

Serial No.
Shows the serial No..
Do not remove this label, as it is
required for product support.
Stand

Battery information
This is accessible by opening the
stand.

Battery Compartment
The supplied Model 9459 Bat-
tery Pack installs here. (p. 39)

Opening and closing the stand

Stand Do not apply heavy downward pressure with the

stand extended. The stand could be damaged.

1 Click Opening the stand

1. Pull the stand out until it clicks.

2 2. Push the stand holder in until it clicks in the

hook on the rear cover.

Closing the stand

Click
Return the stand holder to its original position,
Hook and close the stand until it clicks.
 27
2.2 Basic Operations

2.2 Basic Operations

Switching Screens The screen switches every time you press the SYSTEM,
VIEW, TIMEPLOT, or EVENT key.

Screen Type Display Contents 2

System WIRING MEASURE REC&EVENT SYSTEM
View WAVEFORM VECTOR HARMONICS DMM
Time Plot RMS DIP/SWELL DEMAND ENERGY
Event WAVEFORM DETAIL RMS WAVE INRUSH

Settings

Move between
items to change
settings
Opens pull-down
menus

Selects from the

menu

Accepts the set-

ting
Cancels the set-
ting
Function key usage

Display differs depending on the Help Comment

screen type. Shows a description of the item at the cursor position
on the SYSTEM screen.

Voltage fluctuation and inrush current screens can be displayed when

data is present.
28
2.3 Screen Configurations

2.3 Screen Configurations

SYSTEM (Setting Conditions and System Settings)
Make the necessary settings before measuring.

The displayed screen changes each time you press

[WIRING] [MEASURE]

Correct
Wiring
Diagram

Connection
Check

View the selected system wiring diagram while Make basic settings for measurement. You can
connecting the voltage cords and clamp sen- set the measurement frequency, wiring config-
sors. Three-phase vectors and voltage, current uration, clamp sensor model, current range, PT
and power values can be verified. (p. 86) and CT ratios.

[SYSTEM] [REC&EVENT]

Record-
ing Set-
tings

Event
Settings

Make instrument-related system settings such Make recording-related settings here. You can
as display language, beep sounds, screen col- set memory partitioning, recording interval, de-
ors, LCD backlight, LCD contrast, real-time mand period, and enable/disable status and
clock, phase names and phase colors. threshold values for each type of event.
The instrument’s version and serial No. are
also displayed.
 29
2.3 Screen Configurations

VIEW (View Measurement Results)

Shows instaneous measurement results.

The displayed screen changes each time you press

[WAVEFORM] [VECTOR]
2
Voltage
waveform

Current
waveform

This screen displays voltage and current wave- This screen displays a voltage and current vec-
forms, and numerical voltage amplitudes, cur- tor diagram. Voltage amplitudes, current ampli-
rent amplitudes and the time axis setting. tudes and phase angles are displayed
Cursor values can be displayed, and screen re- numerically. Phase angle display can be
freshing can be paused by the HOLD function. switched ±180° leading or 360° lagging. Screen
refreshing can be paused by the HOLD function.

[DMM] [HARMONICS]

This screen displays the following numerical This screen displays the results of harmonic
measurement results for each measurement waveform measurements of voltage, current
channel: voltage and voltage waveform peak and active power to the 50th order. The func-
values, THD value, current and current wave- tion keys switch between bar graph and numer-
form peak values, K factor, active power, appar- ical value list displays.
ent power, reactive power and power factor.
30
2.3 Screen Configurations

TIME PLOT (Viewing Time Series Graphs)

Displays recording state and recorded results as a fluctuation graph.

The displayed screen changes each time you press

[RMS] [DIP/SWELL]

Various calculated rms values are displayed in a Calculated rms voltage for one waveform shift-
time series graph with maximum, minimum and ed by one-half cycle is displayed as a time se-
average values during every interval. Displayed ries graph. Minimum and maximum values
parameters can be selected from voltage; cur- within each period and over the whole mea-
rent; voltage and current waveform peak values; surement period are displayed.
frequency; active, reactive and apparent power;
power factor; THD and voltage unbalance factor.

[ENERGY] [DEMAND]

Energy consumption values of active power Graphically displays demand values (the average
[kWh] or reactive power [kvarh] are displayed power [kW] consumed during the "demand peri-
as a time series graph. Energy consumption od" used in power company transactions) for
each specified demand period. The maximum
values for consumption/regeneration and lag/
value within each period (maximum demand
lead can be displayed. power) and average value within each period and
over the whole measurement period are also dis-
played.
 31
2.3 Screen Configurations

EVENT (Viewing Anomalous Events)

Displays power anomaly detection results.
The displayed screen changes each time you press
[WAVEFORM] [DETAIL]

Event Monitor 2
Event List

Event occurrences are monitored and contents Each row of the Event List may include multi-
displayed in a list. The Event Monitor shows the ple events, in which case the details of the
number of occurrences of each type of event. event contents are display in order of occur-
Use the cursor keys to select event waveforms rence in the Event Detail display.
from the list for display. Use the function keys to
switch between voltage and current waveforms.

[INRUSH] [RMS WAVE]

When an inrush current event has occurred, a When a swell, dip or interruption event has oc-
graph showing details of rms current fluctua- curred, a graph showing details of rms voltage
tions appears. fluctuations appears.

Voltage fluctuation and inrush current screens can be displayed when

data is present.
32
2.4 Common Screen Elements

2.4 Common Screen Elements

Common Display Area
This area appears on all "Switching Screens"(p. 27) 1 Power Supply Indicators
screens.
2 Internal Mem- 4 Key Lock Indicator
ory Usage In-
dicator 5 Interface Usage In-
Screen Type dicator
Screen Contents 3 Event Recording
Status Indicator
6 Real-
Time
Clock
Wiring
Configuration 9 Nominal Line Voltage
7 Current Range 8 PT/CT Ratio Setting
11 Internal Operating State 10 Measured Line Frequency
Select from the SYSTEM Screen [MEASURE ] (p. 57)

Selectable Screen Display Area

Display contents depend on the selected screen
See: "2.3 Screen Configurations"(p. 28) 2 Internal Memory Usage Indicator
1 Power Supply Indicators Indicates the memory partitioning method and
memory usage state. The amount of memory
Indicates the type and status of the occupied by TIMEPLOT data is indicated by a
instru8951J_06.zipment's power source.
level meter.
Powered by AC adapter No memory partitioning, when start-
No battery pack ing recording
Powered by AC adapter No memory partitioning, when about
Battery pack charging two-thirds of memory recorded
(Red)
Four partitions, second measure-
Powered by AC adapter ment, when starting recording
Battery pack installed, charging Four partitions, second measure-
complete ment, when about two-thirds of
Powered by battery pack memory recorded
Four partitions, recording in the
Powered by battery pack, low No. 1 2 3 4
fourth partition (Memory No. 4)
charge state
"2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory
3 Event Recording Status Indicator Usage"(p. 34)

Indicates the status of event occurrence. Up

to 50 events can be recorded. 4 KEY LOCK Indicator
Six events have been recorded Lights after holding the
Forty-six events have been re- key for three seconds, indicating
corded
that the KEY LOCK state is active
5 Interface Usage Indicator
(and operating keys are disabled).

Lights when the instrument is con- 6 Real-Time Clock

nected to a computer via USB ca-
Shows the current time.
ble (and the computer is on).
Setting the clock: (p. 76)
 33
2.4 Common Screen Elements

7 Current Range 8 PT/CT Ratio

A red field indicates that the crest factor is out Appears when a PT or CT ratio
SC
of range. has been set.
Select a higher range Nothing appears here when the
PT and CT ratio settings are 1
9 Normal Line Voltage (1:1).

The currently selected nominal line voltage is 10 Measured Line Frequency 2

displayed.
This field is red when the measured voltage Red field indicates indicate that the measured
(on channel 1) is far from the selected nomi- frequency does not match the nominal line
nal line voltage. frequency setting.
When no voltage is applied, 0.00 Hz is dis-
played.

11 Internal Operating States (p. 34)

The internal operating state changes when you press the START/STOP key to start and stop record-
ing data to internal memory.
Data Settings
Internal Operation Indication Internal State Description
Recording Available

[SET] Appears after turning power on, until Before

All Available
recording starts. Recording
When a preset start time has been
Before Some Not
[WAITING] set, appears while waiting for the re-
Recording Available
cording start time after pressing Start.

[RECORD- Appears when recording starts, and

Some Not
until measurement data has finished Recording
ING] Available
being saved to internal memory.
Appears after recording is finished,
Recording Some Not
[ANALYZE] indicating that the data stored in the
Stops Available
internal memory is ready for analysis
Indicates that the data recorded to in- Recorded Some Not
[REVIEW] ternal memory is ready for analysis. (Other data) Available
In order to measure again, [SET] must be displayed.
To return to the [SET] state, press the DATA RESET key, and select whether to save or erase re-
corded data.
34
2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory Usage

2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory

Usage
How data is recorded to internal memory (internal operating status)
depends on whether memory partitioning is enabled.

When Memory Partitioning is Disabled (Partition: [OFF])

Start and Stop Recording Manually

Stop
[SET] [RECORDING] [ANALYZE]
Recording?
Unless Interval: AUTO is selected,
measurement starts at a suitable
interval multiple.

To erase and return to To return to [ANALYZE]:

[SET]:

:starts and stops recording.

Measurement at Specified Start and Stop Times

Start Time Stop Time
[SET] [WAITING] [RECORD- [ANALYZE]
ING]

Erase and return to Back to [ANALYZE]:

[SET]:

• If you press the key after a preset start time, "Operation Error!" is displayed.
• If you press the key while [WAITING] and before a preset start time, recording is
aborted.
 35
2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory Usage

Using Memory Partitioning (Partition: [ON])

(Blue) (Brown)
indicates recorded data. indicates no stored data.
(Red) (Yellow)
indicates the memory partition indicates the amount of recorded Time Plot
currently being used. data as a level meter.
Start and Stop Recording Manually
2
First Measurement

Stop
[SET] [RECORD- Recording?
[ANALYZE]
ING]
Unless Interval: AUTO is selected,
measurement starts at a suitable
interval multiple.
To erase this recorded data: To return to
To save this recorded data: [ANALYZE]:

Second Measurement

Stop
[SET] [RECORD- Recording? [ANALYZE]
ING]is selected,
Unless Interval: AUTO
No
measurement starts at a suitable
interval multiple.
To erase this recorded data: To return to
To save this recorded data: [ANALYZE]:

Third Measurement

Stop
[SET] [RECORD- Recording? [ANALYZE]
Unless Interval: AUTO
ING]is selected,
measurement starts at a suitable in-
terval multiple.
To erase this recorded data: To return to
To save this recorded data: [ANALYZE]:

Fourth Measurement

Stop
[SET] [RECORD- Recording? [ANALYZE]
Unless Interval: AUTO
ING]is selected,
measurement starts at a suitable
interval multiple.
To erase this recorded data: To return to
To save this recorded data: [ANALYZE]:
[SET]

Pressing the DATA RESET key in the [SET] state erases all data from internal memory.
Select the [REVIEW] state to review recorded data. (p. 123)
In the Real-Time Control operating state, settings are applied at the time of each measure-
ment.
36
2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory Usage
 37
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations

Measurement
Preparations Chapter 3
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations
Perform the following before starting measurement the first time.
3
1 Apply the appropriate label to the input terminals
For the voltage input For the current input
terminals terminals
Before applying the labels
Wipe any dust from the surface around the
terminals, and ensure that it is dry.

Voltage input terminals

Current input terminals

Input terminal labels

1 Peel the labels appropriate for 2 Confirm that the labels are properly
your region from the supplied oriented, and apply them around the
sheet. input terminals.
Two types of labels are provided: The display colors that identify the phases
one type for the voltage input termi- on screen should be set to match the ter-
nals, and another type for the cur- minal colors on the input terminal labels
rent input terminals. (p. 48).
TYPE 1 phase colors are the factory de-
fault.

Phase Colors (Input Terminal Colors)

Selection N U1 I1 U2 I2 U3 I3 Region
TYPE1 Black Red Yellow Blue HIOKI & UK
TYPE2 Blue Orange Black Gray New EU & UK
TYPE3 Black Yellow Green Red China
TYPE4 Blue Black Red White EU
TYPE5 White Black Red Blue US
38
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations

2
Apply the appropriate labels to the voltage measurement and clamp
sensor leads

White Before applying the labels

Green Wipe any dust from the surface around the
Gray
terminals, and ensure that it is dry.
Black
Brown
Blue Apply labels to
Yellow both ends of the
Red voltage cords
Measurement lead labels

Apply the same color labels Apply labels to

as the input terminals to the both ends of
corresponding voltage and the clamp sen-
clamp sensor leads. sor leads.

There are four measurement lead labels of each color.

3 Attach the strap

Use the strap to avoid dropping the instrument while carrying, or when you need to
hang it on a hook.
Strap Hole Feed the strap through the buckle so
that it is tight and not twisted.

1 Push the strap through 2 Feed the strap through 3 Put the end of the
one of the strap holes the buckle strap under the retain-
on the instrument. ing loop.

4 Repeat the same procedure with the other end of the strap and the other strap
hole.

Attach the strap carefully.

If it is not attached correctly, the instrument may be damaged by accidental
dropping.
 39
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations

4 Install the 9459 Battery Pack

When it is not possible to supply AC mains power to the instrument through the AC
adapter, it can be powered by the Model 9459 Battery Pack instead.
Also, when operating the instrument from the AC mains, the battery serves as a
backup power source in case a power interruption occurs.
Important
Required tool: Disconnect the AC adapter when in-
One Philips screwdriver stalling the battery pack.

Connect the battery leads

3
Battery Compartment with the white wire to the
Cover right. The label is on the other side.

1 Turn the instrument over 2 Connect the plug 3 Insert the battery pack in
the direction of the bat-
to remove the retaining from the battery
screw from the battery pack to the connec- tery pack label.
compartment cover, and tor. Insert while holding the
remove the cover. wiring toward the right
side.

Avoid pinching the

battery pack leads

For battery operation, use only the HIOKI

Model 9459 Battery Pack. We cannot
accept responsibility for accidents or dam-
4 Replace the battery pack age related to the use of any other batter-
ies.
compartment cover, and its
retaining screw.
40
3.1 Initial Instrument Preparations

5 Charge the 9459 Battery Pack

Charge the battery pack before using it the first time.

By connecting the Model 9418-15 AC Adapter to the instrument and to an AC
power outlet, the battery pack can be charged without turning the instrument on.

When to charge:
When powering the instrument from the battery pack without the AC adapter, the
low battery indicator( ) is displayed when the battery charge is depleted,
indicating that the battery pack requires charging.

The CHARGE LED lights red

1
when charging begins. The
Connect the AC adapter to its power cord " " indicator appears red
and to the instrument. on the display.

Charging is finished when the

CHARGE LED turns off. If
the" " indicator appears
white when the AC adapter is
unplugged, charging was
successful.

2 Plug the power cord into an outlet.

Refer to "3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter" (p. 41) for details about the AC adapter.

Nominal continuous operating time (when powered only by the battery pack)
(operating at 23°C)
After a full charge, with the LCD backlight off (five minutes after last keypress): ap-
proximately six hours
After a full charge, with the LCD backlight always on: approximately four hours

• The battery pack is subject to self-discharge. Be sure to charge the battery before ini-
tial use. If the battery capacity remains very low after correct recharging, the useful
battery life is at an end.
• To avoid problems with battery operation, remove the batteries from the instrument if
it is to be stored for a long time.
• The instrument is designed to be able to charge the Model 9459 Battery Pack during
operation.
Although the CHARGE LED may light red when using the Model 9418-15 AC
Adapter, this does not affect measurement.
 41
3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter

3.2 Connecting the AC Adapter

Connect the power cord and the instrument to the supplied Model 9418-
15 AC Adapter, then plug the power cord into an outlet. When used with
the battery pack installed, the battery serves as an operating backup
supply in case of power failure, and the AC adapter otherwise has prior-
ity.
Before Connecting

• Use only the supplied Model 9418-15 AC Adapter input voltage 3

range is 100 to 240 VAC (with ±10% stability) at 50/60 Hz. To avoid
electrical hazards and damage to the instrument, do not apply
voltage outside of this range.
• Turn the instrument off before connecting the AC adapter to the
instrument and to AC power.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifica-
tions of this instrument, connect the power cord only to a 3-con-
tact (two-conductor + ground) outlet.

If the AC adapter is used without the battery pack installed, be aware

that a power interruption lasting more than two cycles causes measure-
ment to be interrupted and the instrument to turn off.
AC Adapter Connection Procedure

Rated supply voltage is 100 to 240

1 Connect
VAC, and rated supply frequency
the power is 50 or 60 Hz.
cord to the inlet socket
on the AC adapter.

2 Connect the output plug of the AC

adapter to the instrument.

3 Plug the power cord into the mains outlet.

The output plug of the AC adapter should be oriented in one of the three directions shown
below while connected to the instrument. Otherwise, the plug may inadvertently disen-
gage.
42
3.3 Connecting the Voltage Cords

Grounded and Ungrounded Outlets

Using a Grounded Outlet

Plug the power cord

into the outlet

3.3 Connecting the Voltage Cords

The color and number of voltage cords to use depends on the wiring
configuration of the system being measured.Connect the supplied
Model L9438-55 Voltage Cord Set to the voltage input terminals on the
instrument.
Before Connecting

Connect the voltage cords to the instrument first, and then to the
active lines to be measured.
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and short circuits.
• Voltage cord should only be connected to the secondary side of
a breaker, so the breaker can prevent an accident if a short cir-
cuit occurs. Connections should never be made to the primary
side of a breaker, because unrestricted current flow could cause
a serious accident if a short circuit occurs.
• Do not allow the voltage cord clips to touch two wires at the
same time. Never touch the edge of the metal clips.

• For safety reasons, when taking measurements, only use the L9438-
55 Voltage Cord set provided with the instrument. The supplied volt-
age cords are colored black. Do not connect any leads that are not
required for a particular measurement.
• Removable caps are attached to the metal pins at the ends of the test
leads.
To prevent a short circuit accident, be sure to use the test leads with
the caps attached when performing measurements in the CAT III and
CAT IV measurement categories. The test leads can be used with the
caps removed when taking measurements in the CAT I and CAT II
measurement categories.
For details on measurement categories, see "Measurement catego-
ries"(p. 6).
• To prevent an electric shock accident, confirm that the white or red
portion (insulation layer) inside the cable is not exposed. If a color
inside the cable is exposed, do not use the cable.
 43
3.3 Connecting the Voltage Cords

Removing and attaching the caps

The tips of the metal pins are sharp, so take care not to injure yourself.

Removing the Gently hold the bottom of the caps and pull the caps off.
caps Safely store the removed caps so as not to lose them.

Attaching the Insert the metal pins of the test leads into the holes of the caps, and
caps firmly push them all the way in.

3
Voltage Cord Connections

Insert the plugs into the terminals

as far as they will go.

Insert each voltage cord plug into

the terminal labeled with the corre-
sponding color.

Refer to "5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured" (p. 81) regarding

measurement line wiring configuration diagrams.

Voltage Input Terminals Wiring Diagrams

Example: TYPE 1
B: Black, R: Red, Y: Yellow, b: blue
Wiring Wiring
Voltage Input Terminals Voltage Input Terminals
Configuration Configuration

Single-Phase B R Single-Phase B R Y
2-Wire 3-Wire
(1P2W) (1P3W)
N U1 U2 U3 N U1 U2 U3
B R Y R Y b
Three-Phase Three-phase,
3-Wire 3-wire
(3P3W2M) (3P3W3M)
N U1 U2 U3 N U1 U2 U3
B R Y b Three-Phase B R b
Three-Phase
4-Wire
4-Wire
2.5 Element
(3P4W)
N U1 U2 U3 (3P4W2.5E) N U1 U2 U3
44
3.4 Connecting Clamp Sensors

3.4 Connecting Clamp Sensors

Connect the optional clamp sensors to the current input terminals on the
instrument. The clamp sensors that are compatible with this instrument
are voltage output types.
Compatible clamp sensors provide about 0.5 Vrms output corresponding
to full scale current. Refer to the instruction manual provided with the
clamp sensors.

Before Connecting

Connect the clamp sensors to the instrument first, and then to the
active lines to be measured.
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and short circuits.
• Clamp sensors should only be connected to the secondary side
of a breaker, so the breaker can prevent an accident if a short cir-
cuit occurs. Connections should never be made to the primary
side of a breaker, because unrestricted current flow could cause
a serious accident if a short circuit occurs.
• When the clamp sensor is opened, do not allow the metal part of
the clamp to touch any exposed metal, or to short between two
lines, and do not use over bare conductors.

• To prevent damage to the instrument and sensor, never connect or

disconnect a connector while the power is on, or while the sensor is
clamped around a conductor.
• When disconnecting the BNC connector, be sure to release the lock
before pulling off the connector. Forcibly pulling the connector without
releasing the lock, or pulling on the cable, can damage the connector.
 45
3.4 Connecting Clamp Sensors

Clamp Sensor Connection Procedure

Connect each clamp sensor plug to the terminal labeled with the corresponding color.

BNC Jack Guide Pins Notches in BNC Plug

(on the instrument) (on clamp sensor cable)

Lock

1 Align the notches in the BNC 2 Turn the plug clockwise to

3
plug with the guide pins on the lock.
instrument's terminal, and
insert the plug. To disconnect:
Push the plug in, turn it coun-
terclockwise to unlock, and
pull it out.
Refer to "5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured" (p. 81) regarding measure-
ment line wiring configuration diagrams.

Current Input Terminals Wiring Diagrams

Example: TYPE 1
R: Red, Y: Yellow, b: Blue
Wiring Wiring
Current Input Terminals Current Input Terminals
Configuration Configuration
R R Y
Single-Phase Single-Phase
2-Wire 3-Wire
(1P2W) (1P3W)
I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3

Three-Phase R Y Three-phase, R Y b
3-Wire 3-wire
(3P3W2M) (3P3W3M)
I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3
R T b Three-Phase R Y b
Three-Phase
4-Wire
4-Wire
2.5 Element
(3P4W)
I1 I2 I3 (3P4W2.5E) I1 I2 I3

Before taking measurements, confirm that the clamp sensor model set-
ting is correct (p. 60).
46
3.5 Turning the Power On and Off

3.5 Turning the Power On and Off

Before turning power on

Confirm that the instrument and related accessories are installed
and connected properly.

When using the AC adapter

Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage
matches that indicated on the its power connector. Connection to
an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and
present an electrical hazard.
AC adapter rated supply voltage: 100 to 240 VAC
(Voltage fluctuations of ±10% from the rated supply voltage are
taken into account.)
Rated supply frequency: 50 or 60 Hz

Turning Power On

Startup Screen
(Self-Test)
(p. 47)

Left Side
The power indicators are dis-
The POWER LED played at the top right.
Turn the power switch on ( | ). flashes green. About the display indicators:
"2.4 Common Screen Ele-
ments" (p. 32)

• If the" " indicator is not displayed, the instrument is not being powered from the
AC line. In this state, the battery charge will be depleted if measuring for a long time,
and measurement may be interrupted. Verify that the AC adapter is securely con-
nected to an AC power source and to the instrument.
• About battery pack operating time:(p. 40)
 47
3.5 Turning the Power On and Off

Startup Screen
When the instrument is turned on, the startup screen appears as the self-test
starts.
HIOKI 3197 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER Ver 1.00

Results of Internal
Self-Test

Product Model Name Version Number

When no internal test results are When the internal test result is 3
displayed [System Error]

Self-Test Complete Self-Test Failed

Normal Damage
The [SYSTEM] [WIRING] screen The instrument is damaged.
appears. Contact your supplier or nearest
Hioki representative.

If the self-test fails, an Error or Warning message shows more informa-

tion about the fault.

When first powered on after purchase, you may want to select another
display language. Select from Japanese, English or Chinese.
The display language can be changed again later.

Turning Power Off

The POWER LED and display turn off.

When power is turned on again, the display

appears with the settings that existed when
power was last turned off.
As long as the AC adapter is plugged in,
battery charging continues even when the
instrument is turned off.
Left Side

Turn the power switch off

( ).
48
3.6 Other Preparations

3.6 Other Preparations

1 Select the screen color scheme to match the input terminal labels
Phase wiring is easier to keep track of when the color of each phase line indication
on the display matches the label color of the corresponding input terminal.
As an example, this procedure shows how to change the color scheme from TYPE
1 to TYPE 5.

Input terminal label

TYPE1
TYPE2
TYPE3
TYPE4
TYPE5
Cursor

1 Turn the instrument on,

and press the
2 Press the keys to
move the cursor to the
3 Press the key
and then the cursor
key to display the [SYS- [TYPE 1] setting. keys to select the TYPE
TEM] screen. number with the colors that
match the input terminal
label colors for your power
system.

4 Press the key to 5 Press the key 6 Confirm that each dis-
played phase line color
accept the new setting. to display the [WIRING]
Configuration screen. matches the corresponding
input terminal label color.
 49
3.6 Other Preparations

2
Select the naming convention to be applied to each phase line
measurement on the display
Phase line measurements can be identified on the display by the following conven-
tions: R S T, A B C, L1 L2 L3 or U V W.
The factory default setting is R S T, but should be changed to suit your local con-
vention.
As an example, this procedure shows how to change the phase line naming con-
vention to U V W.

Cursor

1 Press the key to

display the [SYSTEM]
2 Press the keys to
move the cursor to the
3 Press the
then the
key and
keys to select
screen. [RST] the desired naming con-
(factory default) setting. vention.

6 Confirm that the

phase (line)
names displayed
on screen match
your selection.

Measurement data for each

4 Press the key to
accept the new setting.
5 Press the key
to display the [WIRING]
phase line is now identified
as U1, U2 and U3 for voltage
Configuration screen. measurements, and as I1, I2
and I3 for current measure-
ments.
50
3.6 Other Preparations

Phase Naming Lists

With 1P2W selected With 1P3W selected

Select U1 I1 N Select U1 I1 U2 I2 N
RST L N RST R T N
ABC A N ABC A B N
L1 L2 L3 L1 N L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 N
UVW H N UVW H C N

With 3P3W3M selected With 3P4W or 3P4W2.5E selected

Select U1 I1 U2 I2 U3 I3 Select U1 I1 U2 I2 U3 I3 N
RST R S T RST R S T N
ABC A B C ABC A B C N
L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 N
UVW U V W UVW U V W N

With 3P3W2M selected

Select U1 I1 N U2 I2
RST R S T
ABC A B C
L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3
UVW U V W
 51
3.7 Auxiliary Function (KEY LOCK)

3.7 Auxiliary Function (KEY LOCK)

Use the KEY LOCK function to avoid inadvertent operations while
recording.

Locking and Unlockin

Press and hold the ESC/KEY The KEY LOCK indicator is displayed at the
LOCK key for three seconds top right (and disappears when unlocked).
(the same operation locks About the display indicator:
and unlocks.) "2.4 Common Screen Elements" (p. 32)

• When the KEY LOCK function is enabled, all other key operations are
disabled.
• The KEY LOCK state is retained when the instrument is turned off and
back on.
52
3.8 Auxiliary Function (Save screen image)

3.8 Auxiliary Function (Save screen image)

An image of the screen is stored as a bitmap (BMP format) file in internal
memory.
Saved screen images can be viewed by transferring to a computer
(p. 127) .
Save screen image

Sample Massage

Check!
BMP data saved.
Data number : 40
Remaining volume [kB] : 8

Press ESC to close window.

Approximately 30 to 40 screen images

can be stored in internal memory.

Press the Hard Copy key to

store the displayed screen.

To erase saved screen image files

All copy Blocks are full.

Clear all hard copy data?

Yes: ENTER No: ESC

When the screen image storage

space in internal memory be-
comes full, a message is dis-
played asking whether to erase
all image data.
Press the key.

When the screen image storage space in inter-

nal memory becomes full, we recommend trans-
ferring the image files to a computer using the
supplied USB cable.
To transfer the image files, use the application
programs supplied with the instrument (p. 127).
 53

Pre-Measurement and System

Settings Chapter 4
After connecting the instrument to the lines to be measured and before
starting recording, verify the instrument settings.
Settings can be made in the following three ways.

Basic Setup Advanced Settings

4
Make only the minimum required set- Make settings from the SYSTEM
tings in preparation for recording screens. Press the SYSTEM key to
measurements. select among the setting screens.

"4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings)" "4.2 Selecting the Measurement

(p. 54) Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEA-
SURE]" (p. 57)

"4.5 Changing Instrument System

Settings [SYSTEM]" (p. 72)

Begin measuring when finished making settings and connections.

"5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured" (p. 81)

"5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording" (p. 88)

Setting Screen Contents

(Pressing the SYSTEM key selects among setting screens)
Setting Contents Settings Screen Refer To
"4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYS-
Basic measurement settings [MEASURE]
TEM Screen) [MEASURE]" (p. 57)
"4.3 Setting the Recording Method
Recording method settings [REC&EVENT]
[REC&EVENT]" (p. 63)
"4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]"
Event detection settings [REC&EVENT]
(p. 67)
"4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings
Instrument system settings [SYSTEM] [SYSTEM]" (p. 72)

Refer to "Appendix 8 List of Settings (Default Settings)" (p. A13).

54
4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings)

4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings)

The Basic Setup Function

After turning the instrument on, preparations for recording can be easily performed by
making only the minimum required settings (wiring configuration and clamp sensor set-
tings) on the initial operating screen, confirming wiring configuration connections and
executing Basic Setup.
Complex settings are made automatically, or set to default recommended values.
Measurement recording can the be started just by pressing the START/STOP key.
Initial Operating Screen
Confirm the con-
Select the wiring con- nections between
figuration and clamp Execute
the instrument and Basic Setup
sensor type to be the lines to be mea-
used. Recording Recording
sured. Starts Stops

We recommend switching to the SYSTEM screen to confirm settings as occasion demands.

Basic Setup Settings (set automatically)

Setting Item Setting Contents
The input frequency is automatically detected as 50 or 60 Hz
Frequency AUTO
immediately upon starting measurement.
The nominal line voltage that serves as a reference value for volt-
Nominal Line Volt- age dips, swells and interruptions is detected immediately upon
AUTO
age starting measurement. Nominal line voltage is detected from 14
standard levels, including 100, 120 and 230 V.
Recording starts at one-second intervals, which are automatically
Interval AUTO lengthened as memory fills up (p. 64). This is to ensure that suit-
able measurement data is recorded.
The event detection threshold for voltage swells is set to 110% of
Voltage Swells 110%
the nominal line voltage.
The event detection threshold for voltage dips is set to 90% of
Voltage Dips 90%
the nominal line voltage.
The event detection threshold for voltage interruptions is set to
Interruptions 10%
10% of the nominal line voltage.
Transients ON Transient event detection is enabled.

Other settings are unaffected

 55
4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings)

1. Select the wiring configuration and clamp sensor model.

1 Select the SYSTEM [WIRING]

screen (Initial Operating Screen).
2
Move to the [Wiring] setting.

3
Select from the pull-down menu.

Setting details:
Accept See: "Setting the Wiring Method (Wiring)" (p. 58)

4 4
Move to the [Clamp] setting.

5 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept

Setting details:
See: "Selecting the Clamp Sensor Model and Current
Range" (p. 60)

2. Setting details

1 Connect to the lines to be measured

while viewing the wiring diagram.

Wiring procedure:
See: "5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Mea-
sured" (p. 81) Correct vector
diagram

2 Verify that the vector diagram and

measurement values are displayed
correctly.

Connection checking procedure:

See: "5.3 Verifying Correct Wiring (Connection
Check)" (p. 86)
56
4.1 Basic Setup (Typical Settings)

3. Execute Basic Setup.

1
Select [QuickSet].
A confirmation message appears.

2 Execute basic setup.

AUTO set: Freq., Uref., Interval
Event threshold: Defalt levels
Continue?
Pressing ESC key reverts to the
original screen without executing Yes: ENTER No: ESC
Basic Setup.

3 Start recording.
QuickSet
Setting completed!
Close window, then press START to begin
recording.

Press ESC to close window.

 57
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]

4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method

(SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]
Before connecting to the lines to be measured, change these settings as
occasion demands.
Make settings on the SYSTEM-[MEASURE] screen.
To open the screen:
Press the key to display the [MEASURE] screen. Set the following items.

Selects the nominal

frequency of the
measurement lines When using PTor CT,
4
(p. 58). select the ratio.
Selects the wiring
configuration

Selects the nominal

voltage of the measure- Select the calculation
ment lines (p. 59). formula for harmon-
ics or power factor
(p. 62).
Selects the clamp
sensor model to be used
(p. 60).

Selects the current

range (p. 60).
58
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]

Selecting the Line Frequency (Frequency)

1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
AUTO/ 50Hz/ 60Hz

The AUTO setting automatically selects 50 or 60 Hz internally when measurement starts.

Setting the Wiring Method (Wiring)

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
1P2W Measure single-phase, 2-wire lines
1P3W Measure single-phase, 3-wire lines
Measure three-phase, 3-wire lines (Delta configuration, using the two-
meter method)
3P3W2M
(Use to measure three-phase power by measuring current at just two
points.)
Measure three-phase, 3-wire lines (Delta configuration, using the three-
3P3W3M
meter method)
3P4W Measure three-phase, 4-wire (star configuration)
Measure three-phase, 4-wire, 2.5-element lines (star configuration)
3P4W2.5E (Use to measure three-phase power by measuring voltage at just two
points.)
 59
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]

Setting the Line Voltage (Nominal Line Voltage) of the Lines to be

Measured

1
Select the screen (initial operat-

2
ing screen).
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

4
The AUTO setting automatically selects the nominal voltage when measure-
ment starts, and the internally set value is displayed here.

Setting Contents
AUTO / VALIABLE (50 to 600)/ 100V/ 101V/ 110V/ 120V/ 127 V/ 200V/ 202V/ 208V/ 220V/ 230V/
240V/ 277V/ 347V/ 380V/ 400V/ 415V/ 480V/ 600V

To set Select a digit to change ( :move up, : move down)

"VALIABLE"
Change the digit's value ( : increase the value, :decrease the
value)
60
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]

Selecting the Clamp Sensor Model and Current Range

Select the model name of the clamp sensors to be used.
This setting is ignored if no clamp sensors are used.
For the detail about the clamp sensor, refer to the instruction manual pro-
vided with the device.
1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Accept Cancel

Clamp sensor Current range

9660 10A/ 100A 9660 Clamp-on Sensor
9661 50A/ 500A 9661 Clamp-on Sensor
9667_500 50A/ 500A 9667 Flexible Clamp-on Sensor (500A range)
9667_5k 500A/ 5000A 9667 Flexible Clamp-on Sensor (5000A range)
9669 100A/1000A 9669 Clamp-on Sensor
9694 5A/ 50A 9694 Clamp-on Sensor
9695-02 5A/ 50A 9695-02 Clamp-on Sensor
9695-03 10A/ 100A 9695-03 Clamp-on Sensor
9657-10 0.5A/ 5A 9657-10 Clamp-on Leak Sensor
9675 0.5A/ 5A 9675 Clamp-on Leak Sensor

The current ranges available for selection depend on the clamp sensor model.
The range setting applies to all channels (1 to 3). Different ranges cannot be set for indi-
vidual channels.

To use non-Hioki clamp sensors, bear in mind the following requirements:

• Only voltage-output type clamp sensors can be used.
• Output should not exceed 1.7 Vrms (2.4 Vpeak).
• The ratio of output voltage to input current should be the same as Hioki clamp sensors.
Refer to "Appendix 5 Power Range Structure" (p. A9).

When the clamp sensor model setting is changed, the highest current range is ini-
tially selected.
 61
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]

Setting the PT Ratio (when measuring using a transformer)

When measuring the secondary side of a High Voltage line, measured val-
ues can be converted to display the voltage value at the primary side.
1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
4
VARIABLE (1.00 to 999.99)/ 1/ 60/ 100/ 200/ 300/ 600/ 700
To set Select a digit to change ( :move up, : move down)
"VARIABLE"
Change the digit's value ( : increase the value, :decrease the
value)

Setting the CT Ratio (when measuring using a transformer)

When measuring the secondary side of a High Voltage line, measured val-
ues can be converted to display the current value at the primary side.
1
Select the screen (initial operat-

2
ing screen).
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
VARIABLE (0.01 to 999.99)/ 1/ 4/ 6/ 8/ 10/ 12/ 15/ 20/ 30/ 40/ 60/ 80/ 100/ 120/ 160
To set
Select a digit to change ( :move up, : move down)
"VARIABLE"
Change the digit's value ( : increase the value, :decrease the
value)
62
4.2 Selecting the Measurement Method (SYSTEM Screen) [MEASURE]

Selecting the Voltage Harmonic Calculation Method

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
Rms Value Displays rms harmonic voltage.
Percentage Displays the amplitude (harmonic voltage percentage) of an harmonic or-
Content der component relative to that of the fundamental waveform.

Selecting the Power Factor Calculation Method (PF Type)

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
PF Displays power factor.
DPF Displays displacement power factor.

What is the power factor?

• PF (Power Factor) is the ratio of apparent power to active power. Its calculation includes all fre-
quency components, so large harmonic components result in a small power factor.
• DPF (Displacement Power Factor) is the cosine of the phase difference between the fundamen-
tal voltage and current waveforms. Its calculation includes only fundamental waveform contents,
so harmonics have no effect.
 63
4.3 Setting the Recording Method [REC&EVENT]

4.3 Setting the Recording Method[REC&EVENT]

Make recording method settings before measuring, as occasion demands.
Make settings on the SYSTEM-[REC&EVENT] screen.
Opening the [REC&EVENT] screen

Press the key to display the [REC&EVENT] screen.

Specified demand
period (demand cal-
Specifies whether mem- culation period)
ory is to be partitioned (p. 65)
for recording (when par-
titioned, four sets of
measurement results
can be stored inter-
Specified start and 4
stop times for timed
nally) (p. 63). recording (p. 66).
Recording interval
setting (p. 64).

Event threshold set-

tings (for anomalous
phenomena)
Event Settings (p. 67)

Setting the Method for Recording to Internal Memory (Partition)

Selects whether to record multiple measurement (start and stop recording)
sessions to separate partitions of internal memory.
1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
Four measurement sessions can be recorded.
ON
(maximum recordable period is one-fourth that of unpartitioned memory)
OFF Only one measurement session can be recorded.
When data has been recorded in partitioned memory, memory partitioning cannot be can-
celed until the data has been erased.
64
4.3 Setting the Recording Method [REC&EVENT]

Setting the Recording Interval (Interval)

Measurement data during the specified intervals is recorded as a time
series graph.
1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
AUTO/ 1 min/ 5 min/ 15 min/ 30 min/ 60 min

Time Series Graph Recording

"RMS" records maximum, average and minimum values within each interval.
"Rms voltage" records maximum and minimum values within each interval.
The recordable length of a time series graph depends on the specified interval.
When memory partitioning is disabled ([No]), the measurements of about 3,000 times inter-
vals can be recorded. When memory partitioning is enabled ([ON]), measurements from
about 750 times intervals can be recorded during each measurement session.
See: "Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings" (p. A1)

The [AUTO] Interval Setting

The interval automatically increases sequentially from 1, 2, 10 and 30 seconds and 1, 5, 15,
30 and 60 minutes.
Recording beings at one-second intervals, and increases to the next longer interval as mem-
ory fills up, so that the most suitable measurement data is usually recorded.
The time axis of the TIME PLOT screen at each interval setting is shown in "Appendix 1 In-
terval and Recording Time Settings" (p. A1).
 65
4.3 Setting the Recording Method [REC&EVENT]

Setting Demand Period

Set the demand period for recordings.

1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel
4
Setting Contents
15 min/ 30 min/ 60 min

What is Demand?
"Demand" here is the average power [kW] consumed during the "demand period" (typically 30 min-
utes), used in power company transactions.
66
4.3 Setting the Recording Method [REC&EVENT]

Setting Recording Start and Stop Times

When timed recording is enabled, recording start and stop times can be set.
1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
Start and stop recording by pressing the START/STOP key.
OFF However, note that after pressing the START/STOP key, and depending on
the specified interval, recording starts only at appropriate times.
Operates as though you pressed the START/STOP key at the specified start
ON
and stop times.

When OFF (recording start time depends on interval setting)

Example: If the following intervals are selected and you press START/STOP at current time
10:41:22
Interval Setting
5 min 10:45:00
[WAITING]
30 min 11:00:00
10:41:22 Recording does not actually start until the begin-
When ON ning of the next scheduled interval.
When an interval is specified, recording does not actually start until the appropriate time.
Start and stop times can be set by two methods.
Manual Setting Selects year, month, day, hour and minute

Change a numerical value ([ ]: increase the value, [ ]:

decrease the value)
Automatic Setting Sets to the current time
[Start Time]
Sets to one hour from the start time.
[Stop Time]
Sets one day from the start time.

Sets one week from the start time.

If the start time has already passed when you press the START/STOP key,
"Operation Error!" is displayed. During the [WAITING] mode, pressing the
START/STOP key before the start time aborts the recording.
 67
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]

4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]

With this instrument, an "event" is the detection of an anomaly (abnor-
mal phenomena) that may occur on power lines.
The detection criteria (Event Settings) are specified before recording
measurements.
When the specified criteria are satisfied while recording, the data is
recorded as an event, and can be analyzed on the EVENT screen.
Event settings are made on the SYSTEM-[REC&EVENT] screen.

Parameter that can be analyzed on the EVENT screen:

• View event occurrences on the Event Monitor.

4
• View sequence, date, time and event parameter.
• View the voltage or current event waveform.
• On the detailed fluctuation graph, view rms fluctuations when an
event occurs.
See: "Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)" (p. 108)

This instrument supports eight types of events

Manual Inrush Current
Timer Transients
Voltage Swell Voltage Dip
Interruption Start, Stop
See: Refer to: Event Details, "Detection Methods and Recording Contents of Events" (p. 110)

Event Recording
• Event criteria can be ORed together (logical sum).
• Events are recorded when recording starts and stops, regardless of
criteria settings.
• The instrument can record data from up to 50 events (in the Event List
and Event Waveforms).
• Depending on the type of event, two recordings may occur: once when
a threshold is exceeded [IN] and again upon return [OUT].
68
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]

Opening the [REC&EVENT] Screen

Press the key to display the [REC&EVENT] screen.

Inrush Event
(Inrush, Starting or
Surge Current)
An event is recorded
when the specified value
Timed Event is exceeded.
Records events at specified
time intervals.
Transient Event
Voltage Swell, Dip and (Transient Overvolt-
Interruption age)
Any momentary deviation An event is recorded
of rms voltage from the nom- when high frequency im-
inal voltage is recorded as an pulse noise is imposed on
event. the mains voltage wave-
form.

Start Event/ Stop Event

By enabling Start/Stop Events, measurements are recorded as an event
each time recording is started and stopped.

Manual Events
Manual event recording records the measurement state at the current time
as an event.
Manual event recording is always enabled.
See: "Manual" (p. 113)

The time of a manual event is the moment at

which these keys are pressed simultaneously.
 69
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]

Setting Timed Events

Timed events are recordings made automatically at a predefined interval.

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 OFF ON

4 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Cancel
4
Accept

Setting Contents
OFF/1 min/5 min/15 min/30 min/1 hour/2 hour/ 12 hour/ 1 day

See: "Timer" (p. 113)

Setting Inrush Events

Inrush events indicate that inrush current (inrush, starting or surge current)
has exceeded the specified threshold.
1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 OFF ON

4 Change a numerical value ([

increase the value, [ ]: de-
]:

crease the value)

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
0A to 5000A

The inrush current threshold setting is an rms current value.

See: "Inrush Current" (p. 113)

When an event occurs, a graph of the inrush current is recorded in addition to the event
waveform.
70
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]

Setting Transient Events

An event is recorded when high frequency impulse noise is imposed on the
mains voltage waveform.

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 OFF ON

4 Select from the pull-down menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
OFF/ ON (disable/enable transient event recording)

An event is detected as the presence, during any single cycle of the mains voltage wave-
form, of a frequency component at 10 to 100 kHz with 50 Vrms (±70.7 Vpeak equivalent) or
greater amplitude in either the positive or negative direction on any of the three channels.
See: "Transient Overvoltage" (p. 112)

What is a transient?
On this instrument, a "transient overvoltage" is also called a "transient".
Transient overvoltage is sometimes also called an "excessive voltage spike" or "Impulsive voltage".

Only the existence or non-existence of transient overvoltage is detected.

Although voltage and current waveforms can be displayed when an event is
detected, the transient overvoltage waveform cannot be displayed.
 71
4.4 Setting Event Detection [REC&EVENT]

Setting Voltage Swell, Dip and Interruption Events

A voltage swell, voltage dip or interruption of the nominal voltage is recorded
as an event.

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Change a numerical value

([ ]: increase the value, [ ]:
decrease the value)

4
Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
Voltage Swell Set a percentage larger than the nominal line voltage (default 110%).
Voltage Dip Set a percentage smaller than the nominal line voltage (default 90%).
Interruption Set a percentage smaller than the nominal line voltage (default 10%).

In all cases, an event is recorded when the threshold is breached in either direction (once
upon onset, and once again upon recovery).
Upon event recovery ("event out "), the continuous period and worst-case voltage swell val-
ues are displayed.
Upon event onset ("event in "), an event voltage fluctuation graph is recorded.

What is Voltage Swell?

Voltage swell is a rise of rms voltage, where a threshold is set above the nominal voltage.
When the rms voltage rises above the threshold, it is detected as an "event in (onset)" voltage swell
event. Subsequently, when the voltage falls back below the threshold (minus appropriate hystere-
sis), it is detected as an "event out (recovery)" voltage swell event.

What is Voltage Dip?

Voltage dip is the opposite of voltage swell, that is a fall of rms voltage where a threshold is set
below the nominal voltage.
When the rms voltage falls below the threshold, it is detected as an "event in (onset)" voltage dip
event. Subsequently, when the voltage rises back above the threshold (plus appropriate hystere-
sis), it is detected as an "event out (recovery)" voltage dip event.

What is Interruption?
This is the power suspension state when voltage drops to a threshold below the nominal voltage
and further below the voltage dip threshold.
When the rms voltage falls below the threshold, it is detected as an "event in (onset)" voltage in-
terruption event. Subsequently, when the voltage rises back above the threshold (plus appropriate
hysteresis), it is detected as an "event out (recovery)" voltage interruption event.
See: "Voltage Swell" (p. 110), "Voltage Dip" (p. 111), "Interruption" (p. 111)
72
4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings [SYSTEM]

4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings

[SYSTEM]
The instrument's version information can be viewed, and the display lan-
guage, beep sounds and screen colors can be changed from the SYS-
TEM screen.
Confirm that the clock is set correctly before starting recording. If the
clock is not set correctly, recording results may not be analyzed cor-
rectly (p. 76).
Opening the [SYSTEM] Screen

Press the key to display the [SYSTEM] screen.

Displays the instru- Displays the serial

ment's version infor- No..
mation.
Changes the display Select the displayed
language (p. 73). terminal colors to
match the label colors.
Changes the wiring
Sets the clock (p. 49).
configuration dia-
gram (p. 48).
Sets the clock (p. 76).
Changes screen
colors (p. 73).
Enables or disables
the beep sound Resets the system
(p. 74). (p. 77).
Sets the LCD back-
light timeout (p. 74).
Adjusts LCD contrast
(p. 75).

Displaying the Instrument's Version Number (Version)

Shows the instrument's version number.

Select the screen.

 73
4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings [SYSTEM]

Changing the Display Language (Language)

The display language can be selected from Japanese, English or Chinese.
1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
4
English/ Chinese/ Korean/ Japanese

Changing Screen Colors (Color)

1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
COLOR1 Dark green For printing black and white re-
ports and such, select [MONO]
COLOR2 Dark blue and perform a saving screen imag-
Monochrome (white charac- es (press the Hard Copy key).
COLOR3
ters)
COLOR4 Light blue
Monochrome (black charac-
MONO
ters)
74
4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings [SYSTEM]

Enable or Disable Beep Sounds (Beep)

Keypress beep sounds can be enabled or disabled.
1
Select the screen.

2
Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
ON Keypress beeps are enabled
OFF Keypress beeps are disabled.

Setting the LCD Backlight Timeout (Backlight)

When operating from the battery pack only, operating time can be maxi-
mized by setting the LCD backlight to turn off automatically after a specified
period of key inactivity.

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Select from the pull-down

menu.

Accept Cancel

Setting Contents
AlwaysOn Keeps the backlight always on.
The backlight turns off automatically after the se-
1min/ 5min/ 10min/ 30min/ 1hour
lected period of inactivity.

To turn the backlight back on

Press any key to turn the backlight back on after it has turned off automatically. The backlight
comes back on even if Key Lock is active.

The LCD backlight automatically switches from high to low brightness when there
is no key press for ten seconds. No setting is available to retain high brightness at
all times.
 75
4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings [SYSTEM]

Adjusting Screen Contrast (Contrast)

Because screen contrast is temperature dependent, you may need to adjust
LCD contrast to retain visibility.

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3 Change a numerical value

([ ]: increase the value, [ ]:
decrease the value)

Accept
4
Setting Contents
+0
-30 to -2 Lower setting values make the screen lighter.
+2 to +20 Higher setting values make the screen darker.
76
4.5 Changing Instrument System Settings [SYSTEM]

Setting the Clock (Clock)

Set the instrument's real-time clock to the current date and time. Data
recording and management depends on the clock being set correctly.
1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

Move between the year, month,

day, hour and minute to set.

3
Change a numerical value ([ ]: increase the value, [ ]: decrease the value)

Accept Cancel

4 Verify the correct time display

Especially when recording with specified start and stop times, confirm that the
instrument's clock is set correctly before recording.
If not set to the correct time, time-dependent analyses will give incorrect results.
Before starting recording, we recommend setting the clock using a standard time
source such as a telephone or internet time service (NTP).

Viewing the Serial No.

The serial No. of the instrument is displayed. The displayed number should
match the number on the label pasted on the back of the instrument. The
serial No. is used to identify the instrument for purposes such as user regis-
tration.

Select the screen.

If the displayed serial No. is not the same as that on the label, please contact your
dealer or Hioki representative
 77
4.6 Initializing the Instrument (System Reset)

4.6 Initializing the Instrument (System Reset)

If the instrument begins to exhibit unusual behavior, refer to the "Before
returning for repair" (p. 164).
If the cause of the unusual behavior remains undetermined, perform a sys-
tem reset.

1
Select the screen.

2 Move to the setting item.

3
Resetting system 4
Are you sure?

Yes: ENTER No: ESC

Accept Cancel

System reset initializes all settings to their factory defaults except for the display
language, phase names and phase color settings.
System reset also erases all measurement data in internal memory, and all data
displayed on screen.
See: "Appendix 8 List of Settings (Default Settings)" (p. A13)
78
4.6 Initializing the Instrument (System Reset)
 79
5.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

Making Connections and

Starting & Stopping
Measurement Chapter 5
Before recording, be sure to read "Operating Precautions" (p. 7) and
"Chapter 3 Measurement Preparations" (p. 37)

5.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

Before using the instrument the first time, verify that it operates normally to ensure that
the no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact
your dealer or Hioki representative.

1 Inspection before conection 5

Inspect the Voltage Cords Metal Exposed
Is the insulation of the voltage cord to
be used damaged, or is bare metal ex-
Do not use if damage is present, as
posed?
you could receive an electric
No Metal Exposed shock. Replace the damaged items.
If damage is evident, request re-
Inspect the Clamp Sensors pairs.
Yes
Is a clamp cracked or damaged?

No
Inspect the Power Supply Yes
Is the AC adapter or battery pack
damaged?

No

Inspect the Instrument Yes

If damage is evident, request re-
Is there any evidence of damage to
pairs.
the instrument?

No
80
5.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

2 Confirmation during Connection

No
Is the battery pack installed in the in- If the battery pack is not used,
strument? measurement is not possible dur-
ing power outages.
Yes

No
Is the Model 9418-15 AC Adapter be- Using the AC adapter is recom-
ing used with the instrument? mended when measuring at one
site for a long time.
Yes

3 Power-On Confirmation
No
Does the POWER lamp flash green When using the AC Adapter
and does the screen display ap-
The AC adapter output plug
Yes might be damaged, or the instru-
ment might have internal dam-
aged.

When not using the AC Adapter

Startup Screen (p. 47) The battery pack may not be suf-
ficiently charged. Allow it to
HIOKI 3197 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER Ver 1.00 charge fully.
If the battery has been fully
charged and the power lamp
does not flash or the screen
stays blank, the battery pack
may have deteriorated or be
After the self-test on the Startup damaged. Obtain a new battery
screen has finished, does the SYS- pack, or request repair.
TEM-[WIRING] screen appear?
An error is
displayed
The instrument may be damaged
internally. Have the instrument re-
paired.

Yes
Inspection complete
 81
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured

5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured

Connect the voltage cords and clamp sensors to the lines to be mea-
sured. To ensure proper connections for correct measurements, look at
the wiring configuration diagram (p. 83) while making connections.

• When measuring three-phase lines, make connections to the lines to

be measured in the same sequence as the measurement channesl
(channels 1, 2 and 3).
• Although this one instrument can measure various wiring configura-
tions from single-phase 2-wire to three-phase 4-wire, it cannot mea-
sure single-phase power in three different systems.

Connecting voltage cords to lines to be measured

Secondary side of breaker

Example:
Securely clip the leads to metal parts such 5
as load-side screw terminals or bus bars.

L9438-55 Voltage Cord

82
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured

Connecting clamp sensors to lines to be measured

To measure load current

(Example: Model 9660)
Be sure to attach each clamp around
only one conductor.
Correct measurement cannot be
OK obtained if a clamp is attached around
more than one conductor.
(Example: Model 9660) (Example: Model 9661)
AD Load Side AD
LO LO Load Side
CE Line
SO
UR Line
CE
UR
SO

Source
Side Source
Side
Make certain that the
current flow direction
arrow points toward the
load.
Current Flow Direction Arrow

To measure leakage current

Single-phase, 2-wire line: clamp around both wires
Single-phase, 3-wire line: clamp around all three wires
(Example: Model 9675) Three-phase, 3-wire line: clamp around all three wires
Earth ground: clamp around just the one line

Make certain that the

current flow direction
arrow points toward the
load.

Load

Current Flow Direction Arrow

 83
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured

System Wiring Diagrams

Press the key to display the [WIRING] screen.

While looking at the diagram, pay attention to the colors of the input ter-
minals and leads.
These examples use the R S T phase names and TYPE 1 (HIOKI) phase
colors.

Single-Phase 2-Wire (1P2W)

R:Line/ N: Neutral/ G: Ground

Source Side Load Side
R

N
G

5
N U1 U2 U3

I1 I2 I3
The arrows point toward the
load.

Single-Phase 3-Wire (1P3W)

R,S: Line/ N:Neutral/ G:Ground
Source Side Load Side
R

S
G

N U1 U2 U3

I1 I2 I3
The arrows point toward the load.
84
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured

Three-Phase 3-Wire (3P3W2M)

R, S, T: Line
Source Side Load Side
R
U3 U1

S
U2 T

N U1 U2 U3

I1 I2 I3
The arrows point toward the load.

Three-Phase 3-Wire (3P3W3M)

R, S, T: Line

Source Side Load Side

R
U3 U1

S
U2 T

N U1 U2 U3

I1 I2 I3
The arrows point toward the load.
 85
5.2 Connecting to the Lines to be Measured

Three-Phase 4-Wire (3P4W)

R,S,T:Line/ N:Neutral/ G:Ground

Source Side Load Side
R
U3 U1 I4
N

S
U2
T

GND

N U1 U2 U3

I1 I2 I3
The arrows point toward the load.
5
Three-Phase 4-Wire (3P4W2.5E)

R,S,T:Line/ N:Neutral/ G:Ground

Source Side Load Side
R
U3 U1 I4
N

S
U2
T

GND

N U1 U2 U3

I1 I2 I3
The arrows point toward the load.
86
5.3 Verifying Correct Wiring (Connection Check)

5.3 Verifying Correct Wiring (Connection Check)

Press the key to display the [WIRING] screen. Verify that the con-
nections are correct from the measured values and vector display.

1 Verify settings Setting values

Nominal voltage value

3 Verify vector display

2 Verify measured Measurement Values

values
(Example: three-phase 4-wire (3P4W))

Confirming Measured Values

I1, I2, I3 currents
U1, U2, U3
voltages Psum ...total 3-phase active
power
Uunb ....voltage unbalance
I4 .........calculated neutral
line current

In this case Check

• Are the voltage cords securely clipped to the conductors to
If the voltage is above or be- be measured?
low the selected [Nominal • Are the voltage cords firmly inserted into the voltage input
Voltage] terminals?
• Is the nominal voltage setting correct?
• Are the clamp sensor cables securely connected to the cur-
rent input terminals?
If the current is not suitably • Are the clamp sensors properly clamped around the con-
ductors to be measured?
within the [Current Range]*
• Is the current range setting correct? Measurement is not
possible if the range is set too high for the input level, or if its
set so low that the input level reads overrange.
• Are the voltage cords misconnected to the input terminals
so that measurements display as negative numerical val-
If the displayed active pow- ues?
er value is negative • Is a clamp sensor indicating a negative value because the
current flow direction arrow incorrectly points toward the
source?
* Value set on the SYSTEM [MEASURE] screen.
 87
5.3 Verifying Correct Wiring (Connection Check)

Verify Settings

Current Range Frequency

Values displayed in red indicate over- Values are displayed in red when differ-
range. Select a higher range, or use a ent from the line frequency setting.
clamp sensor with a higher rating. Change the line frequency setting if nec-
essary.

Verify the Vector Display

Wiring Configuration Diagram

Correct Vector
Diagram Real-Time Wiring
5
Vector Diagrams

Voltage Vectors Current Vectors

In this case Check

• Voltage vector
If the length of the vectors is Verify that the voltage cords are securely connected to the
too short, or of differing voltage input terminals and lines to be measured.
lengths • Current vector
Verify that the clamp sensor leads are securely connected
to the current input terminals and lines to be measured.
• Voltage vector
Verify that the voltage cord connections correspond to the
If a vector's direction wiring diagram.
(phase) or color is wrong • Current vector
Verify that the clamp sensor leads are securely connected
to the current input terminals and lines to be measured
88
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording

5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording

Recording can be started and stopped either manually or at

preset times.
• Manual recording
Press the START/STOP key to start and stop recording.
To start and stop • Timed recording
recording After setting start and stop times, recording starts and
stops at the preset times.
With either method, always press the START/STOP key to
start recording. You can start and stop recording by press-
ing START/STOP with any screen displayed.
When recording starts, data is recorded to internal memory.

Press the DATA RESET key.

When recording with • After pressing the DATA RESET key, execute "Store
partitioned memory Recording Data".
• After pressing the DATA RESET key, execute "Erase the
Data Just Recorded".
To erase recorded data

These are selected by setting memory partitioning.

See: "Setting the Method for Recording to Internal Memory (Partition)" (p. 63)
Recording start and stop operations differ according to
whether memory partitioning is enabled.
When you want to mea- • When memory partitioning is disabled
sure once (such as for Only one-time measurement is available, but available
long-term recording) recording time is longer than when memory partitioning is
enabled.

• When memory partitioning is enabled

Four measurement sessions can be recorded, but only
When measuring multi-
one quarter of the amount of data can be recorded (com-
ple times (up to four
pared to when memory partitioning is disabled).
See: "2.5 Internal Operating Status and Memory Usage" (p. 34)
"Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings" (p. A1)

Up to 50 events can be recorded, whether or not memory is partitioned. Verify the

number of recordable events before starting recording.
 89
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording

Starting and Stopping Recording Without Memory Partitioning

(Partition: OFF)
Starting and Stopping Recording Without Memory Partitioning
Confirm that the [Partition] setting on the SYSTEM-[REC&EVENT] screen is
set to [OFF] (p. 63).

To manually start and stop recording

[SET] The POWER LED blinks (four and half-seconds on, half-second
off).
Starts recording.
(Press the START/STOP key during [SET])

[WAITING] The POWER LED blinks quickly (half-second on, half-second off).

Recording Starts Recording starts at an appropriate time for the selected interval

5
(see NOTE).

[RECORDING] The POWER LED blinks slowly (half-second on, one and half-sec-
ond off).
During [RECORDING], data is written to internal memory.
Time series data is written at each measurement interval.
Event data is written when an event occurs.
Measurement stops.
Stop recording. A confirmation message is displayed.
Are you sure?
Yes: ENTER No: ESC

[ANALYZE] The POWER LED blinks (two seconds on, two seconds off).

The Effect of the Interval Setting on the Start Time

The actual start time depends on the interval setting and current time, as follows.
If you press the START/STOP key when the current time is 10:41:22

Example 1. If the interval setting is 5 minutes

[WAITING] Recording starts at 10:45:00

Example 2. If the interval setting is 30 minutes

[WAITING] Recording starts at 11:00:00

[Partition]: with either setting to [ON] or [OFF], recording starts at the appropriate time.
90
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording

Starting and Stopping Recording at Preset Times (Time Start)

Before starting recording, confirm that the [Time Start] setting on the SYSTEM-
[REC&EVENT] is [ON], and that the start and stop times are set as required.

The POWER LED blinks quickly (four and half-seconds on, half-
[SET] second off).

Starts recording
(Press the START/STOP key during [SET])

[WAITING] The POWER LED blinks quickly (half-second on, half-second off).

At the specified Start Time: Recording starts at the specified start time.
Recording Starts

[RECORDING] The POWER LED blinks slowly (half-second on, one and half-sec-
ond off).
During [RECORDING], data is written to internal memory.
Time series data is written at each measurement interval.
Event data is written when an event occurs.

At the set Stop Time: Recording stops at the specified stop time.
Recording Stops You can abort recording by pressing the START/STOP key.

[ANALYZE] The POWER LED blinks (two seconds on, two seconds off).

If the specified start time has already passed when you press the START/STOP
key, "Operation Error!" is displayed.
In the [WAITING] states, if you press the START/STOP key before the specified
start time, recording is aborted.
 91
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording

Recording Again, or Erasing Recording Data (Reset)

When recording stops, the [ANALYZE] message indicates that data has been stored in in-
ternal memory.
To restart measurement, erase the data stored in the instrument (perform data reset).

[ANALYZE]

Press the DATA RESET key when [ANALYZE] appears)

DATA RESET has been

pressed. A confirmation message is displayed.
ALL DATA from internal
memory will be deleted.
Continue?
Yes: ENTER No: ESC
Executes data reset

[SET]
5

Recorded data is not erased even when the instrument is turned off. However, it
is erased by executing Data Reset.
To perserve measurement data, copy it to a computer via USB cable
92
5.4 Starting and Stopping Recording

Starting and Stopping Recording with Partitioned Memory

(Partition: ON)
When memory partitioning is enabled, the internal memory is partitioned into
four parts, and data is recorded into each partition. However, no more than 50
events can be recorded, regardless of whether partitioning is enabled.
Recording Multiple Times

[SET] The POWER LED blinks (four and half-seconds on, half-second off

Starts recording
(Press the START/STOP key during [SET])

[WAITING] The POWER LED blinks quickly (half-second on, half-second off

Recording Starts Recording starts at an appropriate time for the selected interval.
See: "The Effect of the Interval Setting on the Start Time" (p. 89)

The POWER LED blinks slowly (half-second on, one and half-sec-
[RECORDING] onds off).
During [RECORDING], measurement data is written to internal
memory.
The red underline indicates the memory partition that is being used
for recording.
Time series data is written at each measurement interval.
Event data is written when an event occurs.

Stop Recording. Done Recording

Are you sure? A confirmation message is displayed.
Yes: ENTER No: ESC

[ANALYZE] The POWER LED blinks (two seconds on, two seconds off).

Recording is stopped.
Analyze Data: press ESC A confirmation message
Store Data / Return to SETTING status: is displayed.
To record again press DATA RESET
Press ESC to close window.

Data is stored sequentially in

Store recorded data Erase recorded data memory partitions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
To store data from more than
four measurements, copy the
existing data to a computer via
When restarting recording while continuing to USB cable (p. 127).
store previous data, new data is stored in the
next memory partition.
 93
5.5 Erasing Data

5.5 Erasing Data

The method to use for erasing data depends on the internal operating
state.
Internal Operating Partition: OFF Partition: ON
State
[SET]

No data exists. DATA RESET has been pressed.

ALL DATA from internal memory
will be deleted. Continue?

Yes: ENTER No: ESC

Erases all data

5

[ANALYZE]

DATA RESET has been pressed.

ALL DATA from internal memory Save the recorded data: ENTER
will be deleted. Continue? Cansel / Analyze: ESC
Delete the recorded data: DATA RESET
Yes: ENTER No: ESC

Erase Erases the current data

94
5.6 Recovering From a Long-Term Power Outage

5.6 Recovering From a Long-Term Power

Outage
If the power supplied to the instrument is interrupted, operation contin-
ues on the (charged) battery pack. However, if the power is not restored
for a long time (four to six hours or more), the instrument shuts off.
However, if memory partitioning is set [ON], and power fails while
recording, recording resumes in the next partition when power is
restored (for example, if power fails while recording in Memory Partition
2, recording resumes in Partition 3).
The following message appears initially when power is restored, and
recording resumes immediately.

HIOKI 3197 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER V 1.00

Recording Re-started.

However, if recording in Memory Partition 4 or with memory partitioning

set [OFF] when power is interrupted, recording does not resume when
power is restored (even though "Recording Re-started" still appears)

Internal Operating Operation when power is

Partition Memory No.
State restored
Recording resumes in the
No. 1, 2, or 3
[ON] next memory partition.
[RECORDING]
No. 4
Recording does not resume.
[OFF] -

Nominal continuous operating time (battery only)

After full charge, with LCD backlight auto-off (after 5 min.) enabled: Approx. 6 hours
After full charge, with LCD backlight always on : Approx. 4 hours
(operating at 23°C)
 95

Viewing Data Chapter 6

The three data display screen types are called [VIEW], [TIME PLOT] and
[EVENT].

Viewing Instantaneous Data

(displays the measurement status about once per second)
Screen Display Setting Contents Ref.
Displays instantaneous measure-
[WAVEFORM]
ment values. "6.1 Viewing Instanta-
[VECTOR]
VIEW Measurement data can be viewed at neous Data (VIEW
[HARMONICS]
any time regardless of recording start Screen)" (p. 96)
[DMM]
or stop state.

View Recording Data

(displays the current recording conditions or recorded results)
[RMS] Displays data at each measurement
[DIP/SWELL] "6.2 Displaying a Time
interval as a time series graph.
6
TIME PLOT Series Plot (TIME PLOT
[DEMAND] Shows fluctuations that occur be- screen)" (p. 102)
[ENERGY] tween recording start and stop.
[WAVEFORM] Displays the results of event detec-
[DETAILS] "6.3 Viewing Anomalous
tion.
EVENT Phenomena (EVENT
[RMS WAVE] Shows the contents of events detect- screen)" (p. 108)
[INRUSH] ed between recording start and stop.
96
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

There are four types of VIEW screens: [WAVEFORM], [VECTOR], [HAR-
MONICS] and [DMM]. Press the VIEW key to switch between them.
The VIEW screens display instantaneous data by refreshing about once
per second, regardless of the internal operating state ([SET], [RECORDING]
or [ANALYZE].

[WAVEFORM] [VECTOR] [DMM] [HARMONICS]

Holding the Screen Display (Common to all VIEW screens)

The screen display can be held (screen refresh stopped). Although the
VIEW screen is refreshed in real-time, values and graphs can be easier to
read by holding the display.
Display hold is also useful prior to executing screen shot ( ).

Select the VIEW screen.

Press to activate the hold

state
When you press the F4 key, its display label changes to as the display is
held.
To cancel, press the F4 (Cancel Hold) key once.

While the F4 key label is , the display is not refreshed.

To refresh the display, press the F4 (Cancel Hold) key to cancel the hold state.
 97
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

Viewing Waveforms [WAVEFORM]

Voltage and current waveforms and rms values (voltage, current and active
power) are displayed together.
The number of displayed channel waveforms depends on the selected wir-
ing configuration.

Select the screen.

Magnifying and Compressing Wave-
forms on the Vertical Axis Instantaneous voltage
Changing magnification of the vertical
axis (voltage/current) Voltage waveform
1div

Vertical magnification can be selected from

factors of 1/2, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100.
Instantaneous current
To change voltage magnification

Scale per division: Current waveform

1 kV/div, or 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 or 5 V/div

To change current magnification 6

Scale per division:
Available settings are multiples of the current
range.
Available magnification factors are 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5,
10, 25, 50 or 100 times the current range.

Magnifying and Compressing Wave- (p. 96)

forms on the Horizontal Axis Magnification changes each time you press
Changing magnification of the horizon- a key.
tal (time) axis

Available magnification factors are 1, 2, 4

or 8 times horizontally.
To change time axis magnifica-
tion

Viewing Instantaneous Waveform Values

Move the cursor along a waveform and read the instantaneous values at the cur-
sor.
Press the right or left cursor key to move the cursor in the respective direction.
98
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

Vector Display [VECTOR]

Voltage and current vectors are displayed. The rms voltages and phase
angles, and the rms currents and phase angles of the fundamental wave-
form are also displayed. The number of channels for which vectors are dis-
played depends on the selected wiring configuration.

Select the screen.

Changing the phase angle display

method

To display ±180° lead

Displays -180° to -0° or 0° to 180° as positive
lead.

+120°

0°
Rms currents and Rms voltages and
phase angles phase angles
-120°

To display 360° lag

Displays 0° to 360° as positive lag.

(p. 96)
240° 0° The selected item is indicated by its "key-
pressed" appearance on the display. Press
120° another key to change the selection.

Thick lines indicate voltage vectors, and

thin lines indicate current vectors.
 99
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

Displaying Harmonics [HARMONICS]

Harmonics can be displayed in a bar graph or in a list. The display method
is selected by the F1 key.
Displaying the harmonics bar graph
The harmonics bar graph displays voltage, current and power from the fundamental
waveform to the 50th order.
In the bar graph, yellow indicates positive values and red indicates negative values.
Voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) is also displayed.

1
Select the screen.

2 Select the bar graph [GRAP/

LIST] display Voltage Total Harmonic
Distortion
Voltage
To change the displayed channel

Changes in the sequence: Channels that

can be switched are determined by the wir-
ing configuration.
CH1 CH2 CH3
Current 6

To view the values of each harmonic

order Active Power

Green indicates the cursor posi-

tion.
Move the cursor to read the value
of each harmonic order.
Press the right or left cursor key to
move the cursor in the respective (p. 96)
direction.
The channel changes each time
you press the key.
The bar graph and list selection changes
each time you press the key.

The voltage harmonic calculation method (RMS [V] ↔ Content Percentage [%])
can be changed on the SYSTEM-[MEASURE] screen (p. 62).
100
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

Displaying the Harmonic List

The harmonic list shows values of voltage, current and power.
The voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) is also displayed.

1
Select the screen.

2 Select the [GRAP/LIST] Voltage Active Power

display
Current
To change the displayed channel
Changes in the sequence: Channels that
can be switched are determined by the wir-
ing configuration.
CH1 CH2 CH3
Voltage Total Harmonic
Distortion
Changes the displayed order

Changes the displayed order

The list scrolls from the fundamental wave-
form up to the 50th order.

(p. 96)

The channel changes with each

key press.
The bar graph and list selection changes
with each key press.

The voltage harmonic calculation method (RMS [V] ↔ Content Percentage [%])
can be changed on the SYSTEM-[MEASURE] screen (p. 62).
 101
6.1 Viewing Instantaneous Data (VIEW Screen)

Displaying the DMM Screen (voltage, current and instantaeous power

values) [DMM]
The following measurement values are displayed numerically (DMM
screen).
U rms U peak+ U peak- U THD
Voltage Total
rms voltage Voltage Waveform Peak Value
Harmonic Distortion
I rms I peak+ I peak- KF/ I THD
K Factor/ Current Total
Rms Current Current Waveform Peak Value
Harmonic Distortion
P S Q PF
Active Power Apparent Power Reactive Power
Power Factor
Uave Iave Uunb (or DPF - Displace-
Rms Voltage Rms Current ment Power Factor)
Voltage Unbalance
Channel average Channel average

The number of channels for which paramters are displayed depends on the
selected wiring configuration.

Select the screen.

6

3 phase summa-
tion

Select KF or I THD (p. 96)

When 3P3W2M or 3P3W3M is selected, the active power(P1,P2,P3), reactive

power(Q1,Q2,Q3), apparent power(S1,S2,S3), and power factor(PF1,PF2,PF3) of
each channel are meaningless data. Use the total values of Psum,Qsum,Ssum,
and PFsum only. The data of each channel is used as reference data for checking
the wiring.
102
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen)

6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot

(TIME PLOT screen)
There are four TIME PLOT screens, called [RMS], [DIP/SWELL],
[DEMAND] and [ENERGY]. The displayed screen changes each time you
press the TIME PLOT key.
During the [RECORDING] internal operating state, the graphs on the TIME
PLOT screen are refreshed at each measurement interval.
[RMS] [DIP/SWELL] [DEMAND] [ENERGY]

Common Operations and Screen Items (Common to TIME PLOT screens)

Screen Refresh
All graph plots begin from the left side, and extend to the right each time the
display refreshes. When a plot reaches the right side, it is horizontally com-
pressed by about half as it is continued.

Drawing Starts Graph Fills Screen Graph is Compressed Plotting Continues

Internal memory compression
When internal memory becomes filled with recorded memory data for
graphs, the internal memory is compressed and recording continues at a
longer interval.

For additional details about screen refresh, internal memory compression and
maximum recording times, refer to "Recordable TIME PLOT data period" (p. 155),
"Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings" (p. A1).
 103
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen)

Displaying the Rms Fluctuation Graph [RMS]

View a fluctuation graph of parameters selected from voltage; current; volt-
age and current waveform peak values (±); frequency; active, reactive and
apparent power; power factor; displacement power factor; THD and voltage
unbalance factor.

Select the screen.

Selecting, Magnifying and

Reducing Display Parameters
on the Vertical Axis Cursor Date/Time
Graph Display Position
Moving to a setting item
Left: Display contents
(p. 104) Maximum Value: Yellow
Right: Time axis (display Average Value: Green
magnification) Minimum Value: Red
AUTO, ×1, ×2, ×5, ×10,
×25, ×50

Select from a pull-down

6
menu

Viewing Values with the Cursor

Selects cursor operation.

Changes displayed parameters.
Shows the global maximum (Total MAX), and
Scrolls the fluctuation graph verti- minimum (Total MIN) values over the whole
cally measurement period.
Scrolling is useful for analyzing
the display after magnifying the
vertical axis.
104
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen)

Selectable Display Parameters

Display Display
Display Contents Display Contents
Parameter Parameter
Freq Frequency U3peak+ CH3 (+) voltage waveform peaks
U1 CH1 voltage U3peak- CH3 (-) voltage waveform peaks
I1 CH1 current I3peak+ CH3 (+) current waveform peaks
U2 CH2 voltage I3peak- CH3 (-) current waveform peaks
I2 CH2 current Uave CH average voltage
U3 CH3 voltage Iave CH average current
I3 CH3 current Psum 3-phase total active power
I4 Neutral current (calculated) Qsum 3-phase total reactive power
U1peak+ CH1 (+) voltage waveform peaks Ssum 3-phase total apparent power
U1peak- CH1 (-) voltage waveform peaks 3-phase total power factor /
PFsum
Displacement power factor
I1peak+ CH1 (+) current waveform peaks
CH1 voltage total harmonic dis-
I1peak- CH1 (-) current waveform peaks THD1
tortion
U2peak+ CH2 (+) voltage waveform peaks
CH2 voltage total harmonic dis-
THD2
U2peak- CH2 (-) voltage waveform peaks tortion
I2peak+ CH2 (+) current waveform peaks CH3 voltage total harmonic dis-
THD3
tortion
I2peak- CH2 (-) current waveform peaks
Uunb Voltage unbalance factor

Some parameters are not selectable depending on the selected wiring configuration.

For each displayed parameter, the maximum, average and minimum values
within the interval are calculated and recorded.
TIME PLOT - [RMS]
SYSTEM - [REC & EVENT] Interval (Selected Period)
200 ms (50 Hz: 10 waveforms, 60 Hz: 12 waveforms)

Rms value 1 Rms value 2 Rms value 3 Rms value N

Example
MAX rms value Recording AVE rms Recording MIN rms Interval: when 1 min,
Recording Recording Recording N = 300
 105
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen)

Displaying a Voltage Fluctuation Graph [DIP/SWELL]

An rms voltage fluctuation graph is displayed.
You can view this graph to confirm rms voltage fluctuations when evaluating
voltage dip (DIP), voltage swell (SWEL) and interruptions.

Select the screen.

Magnifying and Compressing

on Vertical Axis
Moving to a setting item Cursor Date/Time
Vertical axis (display
magnification)
AUTO, ×1, ×2, ×5, ×10,
×25, ×50
Left: Display contents
(see table below)
U1, U2, U3: each
Right:Time axis Graph Display
indicated by the
Position
selected colors
Select from a pull-down
menu

Viewing Values with the Cursor 6

Maximum value Minimum value
U1 102.7 V > 102.1V
U2 102.8 V > 102.2V
U3 102.7 V > 102.1V

Scrolls the fluctuation graph verti- Selects cursor operation.

cally
Changes displayed parameters.
Scrolling is useful for analyzing Shows the global maximum (Total MAX), and
the display after magnifying the minimum (Total MIN) values over the whole mea-
vertical axis. surement period for each channel.

TIME PLOT -[DIP/SWELL]

SYSTEM-[REC & EVENT] Interval (Selected Period)
200 ms (50 Hz: 10 waveforms, 60 Hz: 12 waveforms)

Rms voltage is calculated for each Recording Recording

waveform shifted by one-half cycle. Example.
Example. When measuring 12 cycles at 60 Hz, Interval: 1 min,
24 values of U are calculated within 200 ms. N = 7200
106
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen)

Displaying a Demand Graph [DEMAND]

The demand value is the average power [kW] consumed during the demand
period (typically 30 minutes), and is used in power company transactions.
The demand graph is refreshed after each demand period. A bar graph is
displayed at the start of recording, but for long-term recording, the display
changes to a fluctuation graph.

Select the screen.

Selecting, Magnifying and

Reducing Display Parameters
Cursor Date/Time
Moving to a setting item
Left:Display contents (see
table below)
Right: Vertical axis
AUTO, ×1, ×2, ×5, ×10,
×25, ×50

Select from a pull-down

menu
Graph Display Position

Viewing Values with the Cursor

3-Phase Total Demand

Value

Selects cursor operation.

Scrolls the fluctuation graph verti- Changes displayed parameters.
cally
Scrolling is useful for analyzing Shows the global maximum demand value (To-
the display after magnifying the tal MAX) and average demand value (Total
vertical axis. AVE) for the whole measurement period.

Display Parameter Display Contents

Pdem+ Active Power Demand (consumption only)
Pdem- Active Power Demand (regenerated only)
QdemLAG Reactive Power Demand (lagging only)
QdemLEAD Reactive Power Demand (leading only)

The interval and demand period for a time series graph can be set independently.
So there are some cases where the recordable period for the time series graph
and the demand period are different (p. 155).
 107
6.2 Displaying a Time Series Plot (TIME PLOT screen)

Displaying an Energy Consumption Graph [ENERGY]

Energy values are calculated as power times time.
Active power value [Wh] = Active power [W] x Time [h]
Reactive power value [Varh] = Reactive power [Var] x Time [h]
Example. When a 100 W light bulb is lit continuously for two hours, 200 Wh
of active power is consumed.
Power values used for power company transactions are usually active
power values [kWh]. This instrument displays the cumulative power value
from the beginning to the end of a recording as a graph.

Select the screen.

Selecting, Magnifying and
Reducing Display Parameters

Cursor Date/Time
Moving to a setting item
Left: Display contents
(see table below)
Right: Vertical axis
AUTO, ×1, ×2, ×5, ×10,
×25, ×50 6
Select from a pull-down
menu
Graph Display Position

Viewing Values with the Cursor

The energy value is the 3-

phase total
Elapsed time is also dis-
played (HH:MM:SS)

Selects cursor operation.

Scrolls the fluctuation graph verti-
Changes displayed parameters.
cally
Scrolling is useful for analyzing Shows the global maximum energy value over
the display after magnifying the the whole measurement period.
vertical axis.

Display Parameter Display Contents

WP+ Active Power (consumption only)
WP- Active Power (regenerated only)
WQLAG Reactive Power (lagging only)
WQLEAD Reactive Power (leading only)
108
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT

screen)
There are four EVENT screens, called [LIST], [WAVEFORM], [VOLTAGE]
and [INRUSH]. The displayed screen changes each time you press the
EVENT key.
The Event List appears on all screens.
During the [RECORDING] internal operating state, the EVENT screens are
refreshed every time an event occurs. During the [ANALYZE] internal oper-
ating state, event occurrence results are preserved.
Each screen is related to the others by the event occurrence. For exam-
ple, if you select the No. 24 voltage dip event on the event [DETAILS]
screen and then switch to the [WAVEFORM] screen, the voltage wave-
form of the No. 24 voltage dip is displayed, and switching to the [RMS
WAVE] screen displays the event voltage fluctuation graph of the No. 3
voltage dip.

Viewing the [RMS WAVE] Screen

[DETAILS]

[WAVEFORM]
[RMS WAVE]
 109
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Viewing the [INRUSH] Screen

[DETAILS]

[WAVEFORM]
[INRUSH]
6
110
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Detection Methods and Recording Contents of Events

Rms voltage (Urms1/2)

(use to detect voltage swells, voltage dips and interruptions)
• Calculation Method
Rms voltage (Urms 1/2) is calculated separately
for three channels at every half cycle.

Voltage Swell
• Detection Method
Detect Using Urms 1/2.
Set the threshold as a percentage of nominal volt-
age.
When the rms voltage rises above the positive
threshold, it is detected as an “EVENT IN (on
set)" event. Subsequently, when the voltage falls
back below the threshold (minus appropriate hys-
teresis), it is detected as an “EVENT OUT (recov-
ery)" event.
• Recording Contents
Event list data, voltage/corrent waveforms, event
voltage fluctuation graph
• Event Data Format
EVENT IN (On set): Event no., occurrence date,
occurrence time, event type, channel and IN
EVENT OUT (Recovery): Event no., occurrence
date, occurrence time, event type, channel, OUT,
maximum voltage and continuation period
• Event Voltage Fluctuation Graph
Fluctuation graph of Urms from about 0.5 sec-
onds before detection to about 2.5 seconds after
detection
 111
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Voltage Dip
• Detection Method
Detect Using Urms 1/2.
Set the threshold as a percentage of nominal volt-
age. When the rms voltage falls below the nega-
tive threshold, it is detected as an “EVENT IN
(onset)" event. Subsequently, when the voltage
rises back above the threshold (plus appropriate
hysteresis), it is detected as an “EVENT OUT
(recovery)” event.
• Recording Contents
Event list data, voltage/corrent waveforms, event
voltage fluctuation graph
• Event Data Format
EVENT IN (Onset): Event no., occurrence date,
occurrence time, event type, channel, IN
EVENT OUT (Recovery): Event no., occurrence
date, occurrence time, event type, channel, OUT,
residual voltage, continuation period
• Event Voltage Fluctuation Graph
Fluctuation graph of Urms from about 0.5 sec-
onds before detection to about 2.5 seconds after

6
detection

Interruption
• Detection Method
Detect using Urms 1/2. Set the threshold as a
percentage of nominal voltage.
When the rms voltage falls below the threshold, it
is detected as an “EVENT IN (onset)" event. Sub-
sequently, when the voltage rises back above the
threshold (plus appropriate hysteresis), it is
detected as an “EVENT OUT (recovery)” event.
• Recording Contents
Event list data, voltage/corrent waveforms, event
voltage fluctuation graph
• Event Data Format
EVENT IN (Onset): Event no., occurrence date,
occurrence time, event type, channel, IN
Event EVENT OUT (Recovery): Event no., occur-
rence date, occurrence time, event type, channel,
OUT, residual voltage, continuation period
• Event Voltage Fluctuation Graph
Fluctuation graph of Urms from about 0.5 sec-
onds before detection to about 2.5 seconds after
detection
112
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Transient Overvoltage
• Detection Method
During each cycle, signals between 10 and 100
kHz are detected by comparator on any of three
voltage channels if their amplitude exceeds ±70.7
Vpeak.
Presence Detection
• Recording Contents
Event List data, voltage/current waveforms
• Event Data Format
• EVENT IN (On set):Event number, occurrence
date, occurrence time, Event type, IN
• EVENT OUT (Recovery):Event number, occur-
rence date, occurrence time, Event type, OUT,
duration

Note 1:
Only the presence or non-presence of transient ov-
ervoltage is detected.
Voltage and current waveforms at the time of event
detection can be displayed. However, the transient
overvoltage waveform itself (circled in the diagram)
cannot be displayed.
Note 2:
Transient overvoltage that occurs repeatedly will be
detected as IN/OUT events. A transient overvoltage
occurring even once during a 200 ms period will be
identified as an IN event. Subsequent occurrence
will be monitored every 200 ms and when it is no
longer detected, an OUT event will be identified.

Rms Current (used to detect inrush current)

• Calculation Method
Rms current is calculated separately at each half-
cycle on three current channels (Irms 1/2).
 113
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Inrush Current
• Detection Method
Detects using Irms 1/2.
Set the current threshold value.
An event is detected when the current exceeds
the threshold in the positive direction.
• Recording Contents
Event list data, voltage/current waveforms, inrush
current fluctuation graph
• Event Data Format
Event number, occurrence date, occurrence time,
event type, channel and maximum current
• Inrush Current Fluctuation Graph
Fluctuation graph of Irms from about 0.5 seconds
before detection to about 29.5 seconds after
detection

Timer
6
• Detection Method
A detected event occurs after every set timer
interval.
• Recording Contents
Event list data, voltage/current waveforms
• Event Data Format
Event number, occurrence date, occurrence time,
event type

Manual
• Detection Method
A detected event occurs whenever the ESC and
EVENT keys are pressed simultaneously.
• Recording Contents
Event list data, voltage/current waveforms
• Event Data Format
Event number, occurrence date, occurrence time,
event type
114
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Operations Common to the EVENT Screens

All EVENT screens display the same info in the top half, and the Event List.
The first event to occur is displayed as No. 1, with subsequent events dis-
played as No. 2, No. 3, up to No. 50. Each time an event occurs, the display
is refreshed to the latest event list.
Because the [DETAILS] screen can display only eight events, scroll the
Event List up and down to display other events as needed. Similarly, on the
[WAVEFORM], [RMS WAVE] and [INRUSH] screens, you can scroll the
Event List when more than eight events have occurred.
For Users of the Model 3196 Power Quality Analyzer
Note that the event number assignment method of the Model 3197 Power Quality
Analyzer is the opposite of Model 3196.

Multiple events occurring within the same 200-ms period are displayed
together as a single event.

Verify the event type and occurrence number

(Event Monitor)
Number of
events recorded

Event Type Event Occurrence No.

"Event Monitor" (p. 115)

Verify the event type and occurrence number

(Event List)

Display appearance depends Event IN/OUT

Time Event Type
on the selected screen. Number
Date Channels
Graph data
indicator
"The Event List" (p. 116)
 115
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Recordable Number of Events

The number of events that can be recorded is as follows regardless of whether internal memory is
partitioned.
Recordable
Event Description
Qty.
Overall Event List, details, voltage/current wave-
Event data Total 50
forms
Event voltage fluctuation graph
Total 20 Event voltage fluctuation graph for 3 seconds (*U)
data
Inrush current fluctuation graph
1 Inrush current fluctuation graph for 30 seconds (*I)
data

The number of recorded events is indicated on the upper

part of the screen.
Events recorded in internal memory are represented by
colored blocks.
A total of 50 blocks can be colored, beginning at the bot-
tom left and ending at the top right.

Indicates that six events have been recorded

6
Indicates that 46 events have been recorded

Although up to 50 inrush events can be detected, inrush current fluctua-

tion data can be recorded (and a graph displayed) for only one INRUSH
event (indicated by *I in the Event List).

Event Monitor
The number of occurrences of each event type is displayed. Event types that have not occurred are
indicated by "0". When an event occurs, the number of occurrences is displayed in red.
Item Description
Tran. Transient Overvoltage
Swell Voltage Swell*
Event Type Dip Voltage Dip*
Inter. Interruption*
Ext. External (Start, Stop, Timer, Manual or Inrush current)
* Voltage swell, voltage dip and interruption events have EVENT IN (onset) and EVENT OUT (re-
covery) occurrences. Therefore, most such events occur in pairs (onset and recovery), and the
monitored values are usually multiples of two.
116
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

The Event List

Item Example Description Details
Event Number 3 Event Number Displays from 1 to 50.
Date 10/03 Month/Day
Time 13:49:11.320 Hour:Min:Sec 1 ms resolution
START Start
STOP Stop
MANUAL Manual
TIMER Timer
Event Type SWELL Voltage Swell
DIP Voltage Dip
INTER. Interruption
TRANSIENT Transient Overvoltage
INRUSH Inrush Current
CH1 Channel 1
Displayed for voltage swell, dip
Channels CH2 Channel 2
and interruption
CH3 Channel 3
IN EVENT IN (Onset) Displayed for voltage swell, volt-
IN/OUT EVENT OUT age dip, interruption and transient
OUT overvoltage
(recovery)
Voltage Fluctuation Indicates analysis is available on
*U
Graph the voltage fluctuation screen
Graph indicators
Indicates analysis is available on
*I Inrush Current Graph
the inrush current screen
Refer to the “Event Detail List” for details about contents for multiple events (p. 118).
 117
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Viewing Event Detection Details [DETAILS]

Details of an event selected in the Event List can be viewed in the Event
Detail List. When multiple events have occurred, the details of the events
can be viewed in the Event Detail List. Multiple events occurring within the
same 200-ms period are displayed together as a single event.

Select the screen.

Select an event

The Event Detail List can be scrolled when it

contains more than six items.

Time Channels Voltage Continuation

Value Period
Event Type Numerical fields are displayed for IN (Onset) events
(Fields are blank for OUT (Recovery) events.)

"Event Detail List" (p. 118)

118
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Event Detail List

Item Example Description Description
Time 11.320 Seconds 1 ms resolution
START Start
STOP Stop
MANUAL Manual
TIMER Timer

Event Type SWELL Voltage Swell

DIP Voltage Dip
INTER. Interruption
TRANSIENT Transient Overvoltage
INRUSH Inrush Current
CH1 Channel 1
Channels CH2 Channel 2 Displayed for voltage
CH3 Channel 3 swell, dip and inter-
IN EVENT IN (Onset) ruption
IN/OUT
(blank) EVENT OUT (Recovery)
Max. voltage before voltage swell
detection
Min. voltage before voltage dip Displayed for "Event
Voltage Value 0.7V Out (Recovery)” oc-
detection
currences of voltage
Min. voltage before interruption swell, dip and inter-
detection ruption
Continuation Pe- Hour:Min:Sec
0:00:00.564
riod (1 ms resolution)
 119
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Waveform Anomaly Recording Methods (Data Displayed on EVENT

Screen)
Event Types other than Voltage Swell, Voltage Dip and Interruption

SYSTEM-[REC & EVENT] Interval (Selected Period)

200 ms (10 cycles at 50 Hz, 12 cycles at 60 Hz)

Rms Calculation EVENT Occurrence Rms Calculation Rms Calculation

Event Waveform Re- At 200 ms, the result of add-

cording Period ing the waveform for the pre-
14 cycles at 50 Hz vious 20 ms and the
16 cycles at 60 Hz waveform for the next 30 ms
is displayed as the event
waveform.

Voltage Swell, Voltage Dip and Interruption Event Types

SYSTEM-[REC & EVENT] Interval (Selected Period)

200 ms (10 cycles at 50 Hz, 12 cycles at 60 Hz)
6

Event Waveform Record- At 200 ms, the result of add-

ing Period ing the waveform for the pre-
14 cycles at 50 Hz vious 20 ms and the
16 cycles at 60 Hz waveform for the next 30 ms
is displayed as the event
waveform.
120
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Displaying Detected Event Waveforms [WAVEFORM]

The event waveform is displayed for the event selected in the Event List.
Pressing the up and down cursor keys sequentially changes the selected
event waveform.

Select the screen.

Select voltage or current waveforms.

Display voltage waveforms.

Display current waveforms.

Select an event.

Changing magnification of the

vertical axis

Vertical magnification can be selected from

factors of 1/2, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100.

To change voltage magnification

Selects voltage Changes time axis
Scale per division: waveforms and magnification
1 kV/div, or 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10 or 5 V/div changes vertical Selects current waveforms
axis magnifica- and changes vertical axis
tion magnification
To change current magnification
Scale per division: The Event Detail List can be scrolled up and
Available settings are multiples of the current down when it contains more than four items.
range. The number of channels of displayed wave-
forms depends on the selected wiring configu-
Available settings are multiples of ration.
the current range.

Available multiples are 1, 2, 4 or 8 times hor-

izontally.
To change time axis magnification
 121
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Displaying Detected Voltage Fluctuation Events [RMS WAVE]

Select a voltage dip, voltage swell or interruption EVENT IN (Onset) event
having an *U indicator in the Event List to display its voltage fluctuation
graph.
Pressing the up/down cursor keys switches the display sequentially
between events. The rms voltage fluctuation graph is calculated from each
half-cycle-shifted waveform (Urms 1/2).
The event voltage fluctuation graph begins about 0.5 seconds before detec-
tion and continues to about 2.5 seconds after detection. The graph is drawn
according to the selected channel colors.

Select the screen.

The horizontal axis is fixed at 0.5 sec/div.

To perform cursor measurement

Scrolls the graph horizontally
6

Cursor value Cursor period

(Rms voltage on (Elapsed time from
each channel) event detection to
cursor position)
0.000 sec Cursor period

Cursor period calculation is valid only for 50 or 60 Hz line frequency.

122
6.3 Viewing Anomalous Phenomena (EVENT screen)

Displaying Detected Inrush Current Events [INRUSH]

Select the event with the *I indicator in the Event List to display its inrush
current graph.
Pressing the up/down cursor keys switches the display sequentially
between events. The rms current fluctuation graph is calculated from each
half-cycle measurement (Irms 1/2). The event inrush current fluctuation
graph begins about 0.5 seconds before detection and continues to about
29.5 seconds after detection. The graph is drawn according to the selected
channel colors.

Select the screen.

Magnifying and Compressing Wave-

forms
The horizontal axis can be set to 0.5, 1, 2 or
5 sec/div.

To change time axis magnification

To perform cursor measurement

Scrolls the graph horizontally

Cursor value Cursor period

(Rms current on each (Elapsed time from
channel) event detection to
cursor position)

0.000 sec Cursor period

• Cursor period calculation is valid only for 50 or 60 Hz line frequency.

• The inrush current fluctuation graph displays rms current fluctuations.
 123
6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State)

6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State)

Data stored in internal memory when memory is partitioned [ON] can be
viewed and re-analyzed.
After recording data in the [SET] state, switch to the [REVIEW] state to re-
analyze data. To select the [REVIEW] state, press the F4 (Re-Analyze) key
from the [TIME PLOT] or [EVENT] screen.

Viewing Only Data Recorded in Memory Partition No. 1

In the [REVIEW] state, [SYSTEM], [TIME PLOT] and [EVENT] data
recorded in Memory No. 1 can be analyzed. ([VIEW] data cannot be ana-
lyzed.)

From the TIME PLOT or EVENT screen,

select the [SET] state.
Memory indicator: Blue

Reviewing 6
Select the [REVIEW] state

The following message appears.

The [REVIEW] state is enabled.

Press the DATA RESET key to return to the
[SET] state.
Memory indicator: Blue frame

Recorded data can be analyzed by selecting

the [SYSTEM], [TIME PLOT] and [EVENT]
screens.

To exit from Reviewing

Select the [SET] state

The following message appears.

Exiting the [REVIEW] state and returning to

the [SET] state.

Memory indicator: Blue

124
6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State)

Viewing Data Recorded in Multiple Memory Partitions

In the [REVIEW] state, [SYSTEM], [TIME PLOT] and [EVENT] data
recorded in multiple memory partitions (Nos. 1 to 4) can be analyzed.

From the TIME PLOT or EVENT screen,

select the [SET] state.
Memory indicator: Blue

Reviewing

Select the [REVIEW] state

The following message appears.

The [REVIEW] state is enabled.

Press the DATA RESET key to
return to the [SET] state.

Memory indicator: Blue frame

Recorded data can be analyzed by select-

ing the [SYSTEM], [TIME PLOT] and
[EVENT] screens.

To finish Reviewing

Select the [SET] state

The following message appears.

Exiting the [REVIEW] state and

returning to the [SET] state.

Memory indicator: Blue

 125
6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State)

Analyzing TIME PLOT data

TIME PLOT data recorded in multiple memory partitions can be analyzed by
switching the browsed memory partition using the F4 (Previous Data) key.
The selected memory partion is indicated by a blue frame. At that time, the
[SYSTEM] data (that was set when the selected memory was recorded) is
displayed.
Partition No. 1 Partition No. 2 Partition No. 3 Partition No. 4

To Previous Data To Previous Data To Previous Data

To Previous Data

Analyzing EVENT data

You do not need to select a memory partition to analyze recorded EVENT
data. Up to four events can be analyzed together.
All events recorded in memory partitions 1 to 4 are displayed in the Event 6
List.
The up/down cursor keys select events in the list.
Either the "Internal Memory Usage indiicator" or "Event Monitor" appears
according to the selected event.

Event List Internal Memory

Usage Indicator Event Monitor
No. Date TIME EVENTS Tran. Swell Dip Inter. Ext.
Partition No. 1
1 12/19 07:30:00.000 START 0 0 0 0 2

2 12/19 14:30:00.000 STOP

Partition No. 2 Tran. Swell Dip Inter. Ext.
3 12/20 07:30:00.000 START
0 0 0 0 2
4 12/20 14:30:00.000 STOP
Partition No. 3 Tran. Swell Dip Inter. Ext.
5 12/21 07:30:00.000 START
6 12/22 14:30:00.000 STOP 0 0 0 0 2
7 12/21 07:30:00.000 START Partition No. 4
Tran. Swell Dip Inter. Ext.
8 12/22 14:30:00.000 STOP
0 0 0 0 2
126
6.4 Viewing Recorded Data ([REVIEW] State)
 127
7.1 Overview

Viewing Data on a
Computer Chapter 7
This chapter describes the preparations to make before using the PC
application programs designed for this instrument. Refer to the instruc-
tions on the CD for details about program operation.

7.1 Overview
Communication between the instrument and a computer is available by
connecting the supplied USB cable between them.
The supplied CD contains communication programs. The two applica-
tion programs for this instrument are called "3197 Communicator" and
"3197 Data Viewer".

PC application program for Model 3197

3197 Computer

7
“3197 Communicator”
Operate the instrument re-
motely (observation, control
and saving screen image).

“3197 Communicator”
Transfer screen images and
measurement data from the
instrument's internal memory.

USB Cable
“3197 Data Viewer”
Analyze data recorded by the
instrument.
128
7.1 Overview

Availability Software Description

The application for this instrument utilizes JavaTM
developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., which
Download JRE requires that the JRE be installed on the PC.
Check for the presence of the Java applet in the
Windows Control Panel to confirm that Java is
installed.
Operates the instrument remotely (observation,
3197 Communi- control and saving screen image).
Application for cator Transfers screen images and measurement data
Supplied from the instrument's internal memory.
this instrument
3197 Data
Analyzes data recorded by the instrument.
Viewer
Applications
for this instru- Analyzes (binary) measurement data recorded on
9624-50 PQA-
Optional ment and this instrument as well as on the Model PW3198
HiView PRO
Model Power Quality Analyzer.
PW3198
Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java and all logos with Sun or Java are trademarks or registered trademarks
of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the USA and other countries.

PC System Requirements

Computer PC/AT-compatible (at least 1-GHz CPU)

OS Windows 2000/XP Japanese or English edition
Display 1024 x 768 dots, at least 16-bit color
Memory At least 128 MB (256 MB or more recommended)
Hard Disk Space At least 128 MB free space
Communications Port USB 1.1 or 2.0 (Full-Speed)

Files on the CD
English setup.exe English installer for application programs
3197appli_manual_e_00.pdf English manual for the application programs
Japanese setup.exe Japanese installer for application programs
3197appli_manual_j_00.pdf Japanese manual for the application programs
Chinese setup.exe Chinese installer for application programs
3197appli_manual_c_00.pdf Chinese manual for the application programs

Adobe Reader must be installed on the PC in order to read the manu-

als. If Adobe Reader is not already installed on the PC, download it from
Adobe's website and install it.
 129
7.1 Overview

Preparing to Run the Application Programs

1 Turn on the computer.

2 Download and install JRE.

If the computer does not have Java Runtime Environment, please down-
load and install it from the Java homepage (http://www.java.com/). (p. 130).
3 Install the application programs (p. 132).
(The necessary USB driver is also installed.)

Running the Application Programs

1 Turn on the computer.

2 Turn on the instrument.

3 Connect the instrument to the computer with the supplied USB cable
(p. 134).
(Connect if using "3197 Communicator".)
4 Start the application programs.

To avoid malfunctions and data loss, do not plug or unplug the USB

7
cable while in use.
130
7.2 Installing JRE

7.2 Installing JRE

Installation procedure

1 Download the Java Runtime Environment from the Java homepage

(http://www.java.com/).
2 Follow the instructions on the screen, run and install the Java (TM) SE
Runtime Environment.
3 Select [I accept the terms in the license agreement] and click [Next] if
you agree to the terms of the License Agreement.

1 Select

2 Click

4 Select [Typical], and click [Next].

1 Select

2 Click
 131
7.2 Installing JRE

5 When the installation process has completed successfully, click [Finish].

7
Click
132
7.3 Installing the Application Programs

7.3 Installing the Application Programs

In addition to the USB driver, two instrument application programs can
be installed on the computer: "3197 Communicator" and "3197 Data
Viewer". The procedure for installing the instrument applications on a
Windows XP computer is described here.

Installation procedure

1 If the computer's operating system is Windows 2000 or XP Professional,

log on as an "administrator" user.
2 Before starting the installer, close all currently running applications.

3 Run the program E:\3197Application\English\setup.exe (assuming your

CD-ROM is drive E:)

After running setup.exe, installation continues with the following on-

screen instructions.
1 Click [Next].

Click
 133
7.3 Installing the Application Programs

2 To change the installation destination, click [Change] and select the des-
tination. Then click [Next].

1 Click

2 Click

3 Click [Install].

Click

4 Click [Finish] to complete the installation.

Click
134
7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the Supplied USB Cable

Uninstall Procedure
To uninstall, open Add or Remove Programs in the Windows Control
Panel, and select [3197 Applications].

When updating the applications, first uninstall the old versions.

7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer

with the Supplied USB Cable
Use only the supplied USB cable to connect the instrument to the com-
puter, by the following procedure.

• To avoid malfunctions and data loss, do not plug or unplug the USB
cable while in use.
• Connect the earth grounds of this instrument and the computer to a
common grounding point.
Grounding to different points may result in a potential difference
between the grounds of the instrument and the computer, which could
cause malfunctions or damage when connecting the USB cable.

USB connection procedure

Dust Cap

1 Remove the dust cap 2 With attention to con-

from the USB port. nector orientation,
insert the USB cable
plug into the port.
The "Found New Hardware Wizard" launches when you connect the instru-
ment to the computer with the USB cable.
To avoid malfunctions and data loss, do not plug or unplug the USB
cable while in use.

The "Found New Hardware Wizard" launches whenever an instrument

with a different serial No. is connected to the computer. It does not
launch again when the same instrument is reconnected later.
 135
7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the Supplied USB Cable

This example presumes the computer is running Windows XP.

1 Select "No, not this time", and click [Next].

1 Select

2 Click

2 Select "Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)", and click [Next]

Making the wrong selection

can prevent the correct driver
from installing.
If the Wizard does not continue
normally, see: "Appendix 7
How to Resolve USB Data
7
Transfer Problems" (p. A11) 1 Select

2 Click

3 Select “Include this location in hte search”, and cick [Browse] to specify
the destination installed the USB driver.

Selecting the wrong source lo-

cation can prevent the correct 1 Click
driver from installing.
If the Wizard does not contin-
ue normally, see: "Appendix 7 2 Select
How to Resolve USB Data
Transfer Problems" (p. A11)
3 Click

Installation starts automatically when you click [Next].

136
7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the Supplied USB Cable

4 Click [Finish] to close the wizard.

Click

Confirming connections

Instrument Connection
When connected, the [USB] indicator appears on the instrument's
screen.

Computer Connection
On-screen confirmation is accessible at [Control Panel] - [System] - [Hard-
ware] - [Device Manager]. The instrument's model name and serial No. are
displayed in [HIOKI USB488-Device].
Multiple instruments are recognized when connected.
 137
7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the Supplied USB Cable

Disconnecting the USB cable

When disconnecting a USB cable between the instrument and a running
computer, perform the following steps:
• Turn the instrument off.
• Open the "Safely Remove Hardware" icon in the computer's Notifica-
tion area, and select the instrument to disconnect.

To avoid malfunctions and data loss, do not plug or unplug the USB
cable while in use.

7
138
7.5 Starting the Instrument Application Programs

7.5 Starting the Instrument Application Pro-

grams

"3197 Communicator" application

From the Windows [start] menu, select [All Programs] - [HIOKI] - [3197
Applications] - [3197 Communicator].

To start the "3197 Data Viewer" application

From the Windows [start] menu, select [All Programs] - [HIOKI] - [3197
Applications] - [3197 Data Viewer].

For operating instructions, refer to the pdf manual on the CD.

 139
8.1 General Specifications

Specifications Chapter 8
8.1 General Specifications

Environmental and Safety-Related Specifications

Operating environment Indoors, up to 2000 m (6562-ft.) ASL
Storage temperature -10 to 50°C (14 to 122°F), 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
and humidity
Operating temperature 0 to 40°C (32 to 104°F), 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
and humidity
Withstand voltage @50/60 Hz, for 15 s
5.312 kVrms AC (1 mA sense current) from voltage measurement termi-
nals to chassis
3.32 kVrms AC (1 mA sense current) from voltage measurement
terminals to current measurement terminals and USB port
Applicable standards Safety EN61010 Pollution degree 2,
Measurement Categories III (600 V) and IV (300 V) (anticipated
transient overvoltage 6000 V)
EMC EN61326 Class A
EN61000-3-2
EN61000-3-3
Power source Model 9418-15 AC Adapter
Rated supply voltage 100 to 240V AC (with up to ±10% voltage varia-

8
tion)
Rated supply frequency 50/60 Hz
Model 9459 Battery Pack
NiMH Battery (7.2 V, 2700 mAh)
Maximum rated power 23 VA (with AC adapter, at maximum load)
Continuous operating When using Model 9459 Battery Pack (@23°C, 73°F)
time Approx. 6 hours (after full charge, with 5 min. auto-off LCD backlight)
Approx. 4 hours (after full charge, with LCD backlight always on)
Charging function Available for the Model 9459 Battery Pack, with the Model 9418-15 AC
Adapter connected
Quick-Charging time Approx. 3 hours (@23°C, 73°F)
After quick charging, trickle charging continues (to prevent self discharge)
Dimensions Approx. 128 W × 246 H × 63 D mm (5.04”W × 9.69”H × 2.48”D) (including
stand)
Mass Approx. 1.2 kg (42.3 oz.) (With battery pack installed, without AC adapter)
140
8.1 General Specifications

Measurement Input Specifications

Wiring configurations Single-phase 2-wire (1P2W), single-phase 3-wire (1P3W), three-
phase 3-wire (3P3W2M and 3P3W3M ), three-phase four-wire
(3P4W and 3P4W2.5E), Neutral current calculation and display
Measurement line Autoselecting (50/60 Hz)
frequency
Measurement input Voltage: isolated inputs and differential inputs (not isolated between
method U1, U2, U3 and N)
Current: isolated inputs by clamp-on sensors
Input impedance Voltage: 3.2 MΩ ±10% (differential inputs)
(50/60 Hz) Current: 200 kΩ ±10%
Max. allowable input Voltage input section: 780 V AC (1103 Vpeak)
voltage Current input section: 1.7 V AC (2.4 Vpeak)
Maximum rated voltage Voltage input section:
to ground 600 V AC (50/60 Hz) (Measurement Category III)
300 V AC (50/60 Hz) (Measurement Category IV)
Current input section: per clamp-on sensors used

Basic Measurement Specifications

Measurement method Simultaneous digital sampling of voltage and current
A/D converter resolution 16 bits
Sampling frequency 10.24 kHz per channel (204.8 points per cycle at 50 Hz, 170.67 points
per cycle at 60 Hz)
Calculation processing • Voltage (1/2)
Alternately calculated for every full cycle at half-cycle intervals,
continuous measurement without gaps (interpolation available)
• Current (1/2)
Calculated every half-cycle, continuous measurement without
gaps (interpolation available)
• Rms (measurement values other than voltage (½), current (½) and
harmonic-related)
200 ms calculation of continuous measurements with no gaps (with
interpolation)
• Harmonics
2048-point calculation of continuous measurements without gaps
(10 cycles @50 Hz, 12 cycles @60 Hz)
 141
8.1 General Specifications

Measured and Detected Parameter Specifications

Measured parameters Voltage (½), Current (½)
Voltage, peak voltage, current, peak current, frequency, active power,
reactive power, apparent power, power factor, displacement power
factor, active power, reactive power, active power demand, reactive
power demand, voltage harmonics, current harmonics, power
harmonics, fundamental waveform phase angle, voltage total harmonic
distortion, K factor, voltage unbalance factor
Event types Voltage swell, voltage dip, interruption, inrush current, transient over-
voltage, timer, manual, upon start/stop

Display Specifications
Display refresh rate Approx. once per second
Measurement display Voltage and current: 1 to 130% of range (zero-suppressed below
range 1%), power (active, reactive, apparent, power factor, displacement
power factor), total power, energy consumption and demand are
zero-suppressed when voltage or current is zero.
Usable measurement 5 to 110% of range
range
Display 4.7-inch color STN LCD (portrait orientation)
Resolution 240 × 320 dots (RGB)
Dot pitch 0.10 × 0.30 mm
Display languages English, Chinese (Simplified), Korean or Japanese
LCD backlight Always On or Auto-Off (after 1, 5, 10 or 30 s, or after 1 h)
LCD brightness If no key is pressed for ten seconds, the backlight switches from high
adjustment to low brightness.
LCD contrast adjustment Provided 8
Interface Specifications
Interface USB 2.0 (Full Speed)
Connection destination Computer
Functions Data transfer, remote control and data analysis
Change settings, transfer measurement values
142
8.1 General Specifications

Guaranteed Accuracy Specifications

Conditions of guaranteed After 30 minutes warm-up, sine wave input, power factor 1,
accuracy frequency 50/60 Hz ±2 Hz
Temperature and humidity @23 ±5°C (73±9°F), 80% RH or less
range for guaranteed This temperature and humidity specification applies unless specified
accuracy otherwise

Display range of Usable measurement range

guaranteed accuracy
Period of guaranteed 1 year
accuracy

Other Accuracy-Related Specifications

Real-Time Clock accuracy ±5 ppm (within 13 s/mo., @25°C, 77°F)
Temperature coefficient ±0.03% f.s./°C or better (in the ranges 0 to 18°C, 32 to 64°F and 28
to 40°C, 82 to 104°F)
Effect of same-phase ±0.2% f.s. or better (600 Vrms AC, 50/60 Hz, between shorted
voltages voltage input terminals and instrument case)
Effect of external ±1.5% f.s. or better (in a magnetic field of 400 Arms/m AC, 50/60 Hz)
magnetic field
Effect of radiated RF Using Model 9667 Flexible Clamp-on Sensor, current ±5% f.s. or bet-
electromagnetic field ter at 10 V/m (f.s. is rated primary current of sensor), no effect with
other clamp-on sensors
Effect of conducted RF Using Model 9667 Flexible Clamp-On Sensor, current ±5% f.s. or
electromagnetic field better at 3 V (f.s. is rated primary current of sensor), no effect with
other clamp-on sensors

Other Basic Specifications

Backup battery life To retain clock data, settings data and measurement data (lithium
battery)
Approx. 10 years (@23°C, 73°F)
Clock functions Auto calendar, auto leap year, 24-hour format
Data capacity of internal 4 MB (backed up by lithium battery)
memory
 143
8.1 General Specifications

Accessory and Option Specifications

Accessories • Model L9438-55 Voltage Cord (Four black measurement leads,
EN61010-22031 :2001, for international)
• Model 9418-15 AC Adapter
• Power cord (region-specific)
• Model 9459 Battery Pack
• Input terminal label sheet (5 wiring types)
• Measurement lead label set (for voltage measurement and clamp
sensor leads)
• Strap
• Instruction Manual
• Measurement Guide
• USB cable (USB 2.0, with ferrite core, approx. 0.9 m)
• CD (application programs for this instrument
• Carrying Case
Options • Model 9418-15 AC Adapter
• Model 9459 Battery Pack
• Model 9660 Clamp-on Sensor (100 Arms rating)
• Model 9661 Clamp-on Sensor (500 Arms rating)
• Model 9667 Flexible Clamp-on Sensor (500 Arms rating, 5000 Arms
rating)
• Model 9669 Clamp-on Sensor (1000 Arms rating)
• Model 9694 Clamp-on Sensor (5 Arms rating)
• Model 9695-02 Clamp-on Sensor (50 Arms rating)
• Model 9695-03 Clamp-on Sensor (100 Arms)
• Model 9219 Connection Cable (for Models 9695-02, 03)
• Model 9657-10 Clamp on Leak Sensor (10 Arms rating)
• Model 9675 Clamp-on Leak Sensor (10 Arms rating)
• Model 9624-50 PQA HiView PRO (PC application program)

8
144
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters

8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement

Parameters

Measurement Parameter
[Voltage] Measurement method 200 ms calculation
Urms Measurement range 600.0 Vrms
Measurement accuracy ±0.3% rdg. ±0.2% f.s.
Crest factor 2 or less (w/full-scale input)
[Voltage(1/2)] Measurement method
rms method, one cycle calculation refreshed every half
Urms1/2 cycle
Measurement range same as Urms voltage
Measurement accuracy ±0.3% rdg. ±0.2% f.s.
[Peak Voltage] Measurement method 200 ms calculation
Upeak Positive and negative waveform peaks (max. and min.
Displayed parameters
values)
Measurement range Voltage range × Crest factor
[Current] Measurement method rms method, 200 ms calculation
Irms When using Models 9657-10, 9675 500.0 mA/5.000 A
When using Models 9694, 9695-02 5.000 A/50.000 A
When using Models 9660, 9695-03 10.00 A/100.0 A
Measurement range
When using Models 9661, 9667_500A 50.00 A/500.0 A
When using Model 9669 100.0 A/1.000 kA
When using Model 9667_5k 500.0 A/5.000 kA
Range selection Manual ranging
±0.3% rdg. ±0.2% f.s. + specified clamp-on sensor
Measurement accuracy
accuracy
Crest factor 3 or less (with full-scale input)
[Current](1/2)] Measurement method
rms method, half-cycle calculation (half-cycle voltage
Irms1/2 synchronized)
Measurement range same as Irms current
±0.3% rdg. ±0.2% f.s. + specified clamp-on sensor
Measurement accuracy
accuracy
[Peak Current] Measurement method 200 ms calculation
Ipeak Positive and negative waveform peaks (max. and min.
Displayed parameters
values)
Measurement range Current range × Crest factor
 145
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters

Measurement Parameter
[Frequency] Measurement source U1 Voltage
f Measurement method 200 ms calculation
Measurement display
40.00 to 70.00 Hz
range
Usable measurement
45.00 to 66.00 Hz
range
Measurement range 99.99 Hz
±0.01 Hz ±1 dgt. or less (with a sine wave between 10
Measurement accuracy
and 110% of the range applied to U1)
Display when measure-
0.00 Hz ±1 dgt.
ment is impractical
[Active Power] Measurement range Depends on conbined voltage × current range
P Measurement method 200 ms calculation
±0.3% rdg. ±0.2% f.s. + clamp-on sensor specification
Measurement accuracy
(Power Factor = 1)
Effect of Power Factor ±1.0% rdg. (50 /60Hz, Power Factor = 0.5)
Polarity indication None for consumption, “–” for regeneration
[Reactive Measurement range Depends on conbined voltage × current range
Power] Calculates from active and apparent power, 200 ms cal-
Q Measurement method
culation
Measurement accuracy ±1 dgt. of calculation from each measurement value
No sign for lagging phase (current lags voltage)
Polarity indication
Minus sign (–) for leading phase (current leads voltage)
[Apparent Measurement range Depends on conbined voltage × current range
Power]
S
Measurement method 200 ms calculation 8
Measurement accuracy ±1 dgt. of calculation from each measurement value
Polarity indication No polarity
[Power Factor] Measurement method 200 ms calculation
PF Measurement range -0.000 to -1.000 (leading), +0.000 to +1.000 (lagging)
Measurement accuracy ±1 dgt. of calculation from each measurement value
No sign for lagging phase (current lagging voltage)
Polarity indication Minus sign (–) for leading phase (current leading
voltage)
Non-Input display “1.000” (when voltage or current is zero)
146
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters

Measurement Parameter
[Displacement Measurement method
Calculated from phase difference between fundamental
Power Factor] voltage and current waveforms, 200 ms calculation
DPF -0.000 to -1.000 (leading), +0.000 to +1.000 (lagging)
Measurement range 0.0000 to 1.0000 (leading), + 0.0000 to + 1.0000
(lagging)
Measurement accuracy ±1 dgt. of calculation from each measurement value
No sign for lagging phase (current lags voltage)
Polarity indication
Minus sign (–) for leading phase (current leads voltage)
Non-Input display “1.000”(when voltage or current is zero)
[Energy Active power value: WP+ (consumption), WP- (regener-
Consumption] ation)
Measurement
Reactive power value: WQLAG (lagging), WQLEAD
parameter
(leading)
Active or reactive power value (selectable)
Cumulative consumption and regeneration are
calculated separately using active power
Measurement method
Cumulative lagging and leading values are calculated
separately using reactive power
±1 dgt. applied to active and reactive power measure-
Measurement accuracy
ment accuracy
Time accuracy ±10 ppm ±1s (@23ºC, 73ºF)
[DEMAND] Active or reactive power demand (selectable)
Active power demand (3-phase total value)
Measurement
Pdem+ (consumption only), Pdem (regeneration only)
parameter
Reactive power demand (3-phase total value)
QdemLAG (Lagging only), QdemLEAD (Lagging only)
Calculated using active or reactive power within the de-
Measurement method
mand calculation period
±1 dgt. applied to active and reactive power
Measurement accuracy
measurement accuracy
 147
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters

Measurement Parameter
[HARMONICS] Measurement method 2048-point DFT
(frequency is calculated as correct 50/60 Hz)
Harmonic analysis
200 ms (10 cycles @50 Hz, 12 cycles @60 Hz)
window width
Points per window 2048
Harmonic analysis
Rectangular
window
Harmonic analysis
Up to 50th order
orders
Harmonic voltage: rms voltage or percentage content of
each harmonic order (Fundamental = 100%)
Harmonic current: rms current of each harmonic order
Harmonic power: rms active power of each harmonic
Measurement order
Parameter Total voltage harmonic distortion : Voltage THD-F
Total current harmonic distortion : Current THD-F
Fundamental phase difference: phase difference rela-
tive to the fundamental voltage on channel 1
(LAG360°,LEAD180° display)
Harmonic voltage and current
1st to 15th order ±0.5% rdg. ±0.2% f.s.
16th to 25th order ±1.0% rdg. ±0.3% f.s.
Measurement accuracy 26th to 35th order ±2.0% rdg. ±0.3% f.s.
36th to 45th order ±3.0% rdg. ±0.3% f.s.
46th to 50th order ±4.0% rdg. ±0.3% f.s.
Accuracy is not specified for harmonic power
Fundamental waveform voltage is specified for 50/60
Guaranteed accuracy Hz
range Add clamp-on sensor accuracy to harmonic rms current
specifications 8
[K Factor] Measurement method
Calculated from rms harmonic waveform of the funda-
KF mental to 50th order (magnification ratio)
Display range 0.00 to 500.00
Measurement accuracy unspecified
[Voltage Unbal- For three-phase 3 wire (3P3W3M) and three-phase 4-
ance Factor] Measurement method wire, the value for each phase is calculated from the
Uunb fundamental waveform voltage (inter-line)
Display range 0.0 to 100.0
Measurement accuracy unspecified
148
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters

Wiring Configuration Measurement Parameters

Measurement Parameter 1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M,3P3W3M 3P4W,3P4W2.5E
Voltage (1/2) Urms1/2 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
Voltage Urms 1 1, 2, ave 1, 2, 3, ave 1, 2, 3, ave
Peak voltage (±) Upeak 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
Current(1/2) Irms1/2 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
Current Irms 1 1, 2, ave 1, 2, 3, ave 1, 2, 3, 4, ave
Peak current (±) Ipeak 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 4
Frequency f 1 1 1 1
Active power P 1 sum,(*1,2) sum,(*1,2,3) sum,(*1,2,3)
Reactive power Q 1 sum,(*1,2) sum,(*1,2,3) sum,(*1,2,3)
Apparent power S 1 sum,(*1,2) sum,(*1,2,3) sum,(*1,2,3)
Power factor/Displace-
PF/DPF 1 sum sum sum
ment power factor
Active power value WP+/WP- sum sum sum sum
WQLAG/
Reactive power value sum sum sum sum
WQLEAD
Pdem+/
Active power demand sum sum sum sum
Pdem-
QdemLAG/
Reactive power demand sum sum sum sum
QdemLEAD
Harmonic voltage U1 to U50* 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
Harmonic current I1 to I50* 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
Harmonic power P1 to P50* 1 1, 2, sum 1, 2, 3, sum 1, 2, 3, sum
Fundamental waveform
φU* 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
voltage phase difference
Fundamental waveform
φI* 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
current phase difference
Voltage (Current) total THD-F
1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
harmonic distortion I THD-F*
K factor KF* 1 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3
Voltage unbalance factor Uunb − − sum** sum
Note 1. “ave” indicates the average value between channels.
Note 2. “sum” indicates the sum of the values between channels.

* : Only displayed on VIEW screen

** : Not measurable in 3P3W2M systems
 149
8.2 Detailed Specifications of Measurement Parameters

Time Series Calculations

Time series calculation MAX, MIN and AVE values
values More negative peak voltage (-) and peak current (-) values are
handled as minima, and less negative values are handled as maxima
Time series calculation MAX, MIN and AVE values are calculated within the specified interval
method (but no AVE voltage (½) value is calculated)

Time Series Recording Measurement Parameters and Averaging

Time AVE Value Calculation Method
Measurement Parameter Series
Recording CHs 1, 2, 3 sum/ave
Voltage(1/2) Urms1/2 O − −
Calculated average of the average
Voltage Urms O Calculated average
result for each channel
Signed calculated
Peak voltage(±) Upeak O average
−
Calculated average of the average
Current Irms O Calculated average
result for each channel
Signed calculated
Peak current (±) Ipeak O average
−
Frequency f O Calculated average −
Active power P O − Calculated average of sum values
Reactive power Q O − Calculated average of sum values
Apparent power S O − Calculated average of sum values
Power factor/displace- Calculated average of sum values
PF/DPF O −
ment power factor (per Note)
Voltage total harmonic
THD-F O Calculated average −
8
distortion
Voltage unbalance
Uunb O − Calculated average
factor
Note. For power factor, the AVE value is the average centered around ±1, MAX value is the worst-
case value when +0 is the maximum, and MIN value is the worst-case value centered around -0.

Time
Measurement Parameter Series
Recording
Active power value WP+/WP- O
Reactive power value WQLAG/WQLEAD O
Active power demand Pdem+/Pdem- O
Reactive power demand QdemLAG/QdemLEAD O
150
8.3 Event Specifications

8.3 Event Specifications

Event Type
Voltage Swell, Volt- Measurement Detection using voltage (½) measured every half cycle
age Dip, Interruption method
Detected event Voltage Swell: Maximum voltage (worst value),
types occurrence time, recovery time, period
Voltage Dip: Residual voltage (worst value), occurrence
time, recovery time, period)
Interruption: Residual voltage voltage, detection date/
time, recovery date/time, period
Threshold Swell: 100 to 150% of nominal voltage
Dip, Interruption: 0 to 100% of nominal voltage
Hysteresis 2% of nominal voltage
Recording Event data, event waveform, event voltage fluctuation
contents graph
Event data format Event number, date, time, event type, channel, status
(EVENT IN (Onset) / EVENT OUT (Recovery), period,
worst value
Inrush Current Measurement Detection using current (1/2) every half cycle
method
Detected event Maximum current (worst value), detection time
types
Threshold 0 A to 5000 A (independent of current range and CT
ratio)
Recording Event data, event waveform, inrush current graph
contents
Event data format Event number, date, time, event type
Transient Measurement Comparator
Overvoltage method
Detection criteria Displays whether a positive or negative transient exists
during every voltage cycle on any of three channels
Transient detec- 50 Vrms (±70.7 Vpeak equiv.) or more, 10 to 100 kHz
tion range
Recording Event Data, Event waveform
contents
Event data format Event number, date, time, event type, status (EVENT IN
(Onset) / EVENT OUT (Recovery), continuation period
 151
8.3 Event Specifications

Event Type
Timer Measurement Detect events at preset intervals
method
Timer event OFF, 1, 5, 15 or 30 minutes; 1, 2 or 12 hours; or 1 day
interval
Detection criteria Occurrence time
Recording Event data, event waveform
contents
Event data format Event number, date, time, event type
Manual Measurement Detect events when keys are pressed (pressing the
method [ESC] and [EVENT] keys at the same time)
Recording Event data, event waveform
contents
Event data format Event number, date, time, event type
Start, Stop Measurement Recording start and stop operations are detected as
method events
Recording Event data, event waveform,
contents
Event data format Event number, date, time, event type

Event Detection
Event detection method Detection by ORing each event type
Event setting Events other than manual events, and start/stop can be enabled/
disabled (set on/off)
Event waveform recording Waveform from 20 ms before detection + 200 ms upon detection + 30

8
length ms after detection
Event voltage fluctuation 0.5 s before + 2.5 s after detection
graph length
Inrush current graph 0.5 s before + 29.5 s after detection
length
Maximum event count 1000
Maximum recording event 50 event waveforms
number 20 event voltage fluctuation graphs
1 inrush current graph
152
8.4 Function Specifications

8.4 Function Specifications

Display
SYSTEM Settings
VIEW Waveforms, DMM, vectors, harmonics (bar graph/list)
TIME PLOT Voltage (½), voltage, current, frequency, active power, power factor,
voltage total harmonic distortion, voltage unbalance factor, energy
consumption, demand
EVENT Event list, event monitor, event waveform, event voltage fluctuation
graph, inrush current graph

Setting Contents (factory defaults in bold)

Measurement frequency AUTO, 50 Hz, 60 Hz
Phase colors (input TYPE1, TYPE2, TYPE3, TYPE4, TYPE5
terminal colors)
Phase names R S T, A B C, L1 L2 L3, U V W
Wiring Configuration 1P2W, 1P3W, 3P3W2M, 3P3W3M, 3P4W, 3P4W2.5E
Nominal Line Voltage AUTO, 100, 101, 110, 120, 127, 200, 202, 208, 220, 230, 240, 277,
347, 380, 400, 415, 480, 600 or VALIABLE (VALIABLE = any integer
from 50 to 600 V)
Clamp sensors Models 9660, 9661, 9667_500, 9667_5k, 9669, 9694, 9695-02, 9695-
03, 9657-10 or 9675
Current range
Clamp Model Measurement range
9657-10, 9675 500.0 mA, 5.000 A
9694, 9695-02 5.000 A, 50.00 A
9660, 9695-03 10.00 A, 100.0 A
9661, 9667 (using 500 A range) 50.00 A, 500.0 A
9669 100.0 A, 1.000 kA
9667 (using 5 kA range) 500.0 A, 5.000 kA

PT ratio 1, 60, 100, 200, 300, 600, 700 or VALIABLE (1.00 to 999.99)
CT ratio 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 or VALIABLE
(0.01 to 999.99)
Harmonic voltage Rms value, percentage content
calculation
Power factor calculation Power factor/displacement power factor (PF/DPF)
Memory partitioning ON / OFF
Interval AUTO, 1, 5, 15 and 30 min., and 1 hour (AUTO sequentially selects
1, 2, 10, 30 seconds, 1, 5, 15 and 30 min., and 1 hour automatically)
 153
8.4 Function Specifications

Setting Contents (factory defaults in bold)

Demand period 15 min., 30 min. and 1 hour
Real-time control ON / OFF (both starting from zero seconds)
Settable start time Year, month, day, hour and minute (24-hour system, valid for the
specified time)
Settable stop time Year, month, day, hour and minute (24-hour system, valid for the
specified time)
Version information Firmware version display
Display language English, Chinese, Korean, Japanese
Beep sound ON, OFF
Screen colors COLOR1, COLOR2, COLOR3, COLOR4, MONO
LCD backlight Always ON/Auto, OFF (1, 5, 15 and 30 min., and 1 hour)
LCD contrast -30 to +0 to +20
Clock setting Year, month, day, hour and minute (24-hour system)
System reset System reset returns the instrument to factory default setting condi-
tion (time and display language are not reset)
Serial No. information Serial No. information
Version information Version information
Event settings
Event ON/OFF and Setting Value
Voltage Swell OFF ON (100 to 150%)
Voltage Dip OFF ON (0 to 100%)
Interruption OFF ON (0 to 100%)
Inrush current OFF 0.0 A to 5.000 kA (set in 1 A steps)
Transient Overvoltage OFF ON 8
Timer OFF 1, 5, 15 and 30 min., 1, 2 and 12
hours, and 1 day
Manual events and Start and Stop events cannot be changed (always
on)
Basic setup Basic Setup Contents

Setting Item Setting

Frequency AUTO
Nominal Line Voltage AUTO
Interval AUTO
Voltage Swell 110%
Voltage Dip 90%
Interruption 10%
Transient Overvoltage ON
154
8.4 Function Specifications

Other Functions
Wiring configuration Wiring configuration diagram display
diagram display
Phase (input terminal) Displays wiring configurations, numerical values, waveforms and
color selection vectors with selected phase colors
Battery check Remaining battery charge
Display hold Display Hold on/off (VIEW screen only)
Warning indicators Crest factor out-of-range, frequency selection error, internal memory
overwrite error
Numerical over-range “- - - - -” (Numerical display when 130% of voltage or current range is
display exceeded)
Key-lock Enable/disable by holding [ESC] key for 3 seconds
Disables all key operations except the power switch
Help messages Displays a description of the selected item on the SYSTEM screen

Memory Backup Operation

Savable data Measurement data and image data
Data management Amount of recorded data, remaining recording capacity displays
function Data deletion
Recording format Settings data: Binary format
Image data: BMP format
Measurement data: Binary format
 155
8.4 Function Specifications

Memory Backup Operation

Maximum recordable data Image data: 10 images
Measurement data
Event Data: 50 events
Event voltage fluctuation graph data: 20 graphs
Inrush current data: 1 measurement
TIME PLOT data: see following table

Recordable TIME PLOT data period

Interval
No Memory Partitioning 4 Memory Partitions
50 hours 12.5 hours
1 min.
(approx. 2 days) (approx. 0.5 days)
250 hours 62.5 hours
5 min.
(approx. 10 days) (approx. 2 days)
750 hours 187.5 hours
15 min.
(approx. 31 day) (approx. 7 days)
1500 hours 375 hours
30 min.
(approx. 62 days) (approx. 15 days)
3000 hours 750 hours
1 hour
(approx. 125 days) (approx. 31 day)
(The recordable period for demand data is the demand period ap-
plied to the interval period.)

8
156
8.5 Calculation Formulas

8.5 Calculation Formulas

Basic Calculation Formulas

Single-
Wiring Phase Single-Phase
Three-phase, 3-wire Three-Phase 4-Wire
Configuration 2-Wire *1 3-Wire
Parameter
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W 3P4W2.5E
Voltage (1/2) U1 U1 Inter-line voltage Inter-line voltage Phase voltage
U(1/2) [Vrms] U2 U1 U1 (U1s=u1s-u2s) U1
U2 U2 (U2s=u2s-u3s) U2
U3 (U3s=-U1s+U2s) U3 (U3s=u3s-u1s) U3
(U1s+(-U2s)+U3s = 0
are assumed)

M–1
1
 ( Ucs )
2
Uc = -----
M
S=0

Voltage U1 U1 Inter-line voltage Inter-line voltage Phase voltage

U [Vrms] U2 U1 U1 (U1s=u1s-u2s) U1
U2 U2 (U2s=u2s-u3s) U2(U2s=-U1s-
U2
U3(U3s=-U1s+U2s) U3 (U3s=u3s-u1s) U3s)
(U1s+(-U2s)+U3s = 0 (U1s+U2s+U3s =
are assumed) 0 are
assumed)
U3

U1 + U2 U 1 + U 2 + U3
Uave = ------------------ Uave = ------------------------------
-
2 3

M–1
1-
 ( Ucs )
2
Uc = ----
M
S=0

• Subscript definitions
c: Measurement channel (1 to 3); 1, 2, 3: Measurement channel; M: Sample count; s: Sample point
number; ave: average of multiple channels; sum: sum of multiple channels
• Variable definitions
U: Inter-line voltage (three-phase 4-wire phase voltage), u: phase voltage from virtual neutral
*1.Formulas that apply to inputs 1 to 3 for single-phase wiring also apply to c in other wiring configurations.
 157
8.5 Calculation Formulas

Single- Single-Phase
Wiring Configu- Phase Three-phase, 3-wire Three-Phase 4-Wire
ration 2-Wire *1 3-Wire
Parameter
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W 3P4W2.5E
Current (1/2) I1 I1 I1 I1
I(1/2) [Arms] I2 I2 I2
I3(I3s=-I1s-I2s) I3
(I1s+I2s+I3s = 0
are assumed)

M–1
1
 ( I cs )
2
Ic = -----
M
S=0

Current I1 I1 I1 I1 I1
I [Arms] I2 I2 I2 I2
I3(I3s=-I1s-I2s) I3 I3
(Assuming I4(I4s=I1s+I2s+I3s)
I1s+I2s+I3s = 0)

I1 + I 2 I 1 + I2 + I 3
Iave = -------------- Iave = -------------------------
2 3

M–1
1-
 ( I cs )
2
Ic = ----
M
S=0

• Subscript definitions
c: Measurement Channel (1 to 3 ), 1, 2, 3: Measurement Channel, M: Sample count, s: Sample point
number, ave: average of multiple channels; sum: sum of multiple channels
• Variable definitions
I: line current, u: phase voltage from virtual neutral
*1.Formulas that apply to inputs 1 to 3 for single-phase wiring also apply to c in other wiring
configurations.

8
158
8.5 Calculation Formulas

Wiring Single- Single-Phase

Configuration Phase Three-phase, 3-wire Three-Phase 4-Wire
2-Wire *1 3-Wire

Parameter 1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W 3P4W2.5E

Active Power P1 Psum = P1+P2 Psum = P1+P2+P3

*2 (Using Ucs as phase voltage)
P [W]
M–1
1
Pc = -----
M  ( Ucs × Ics )
S=0

Apparent S1 Ssum = S1+S2 3

Ssum = S1+S2+S3
Ssum = ------ ( S 1 + S 2 + S 3 ) (Using Uc as phase
Power 3
S [VA] (Using Uc as inter-line voltage ) voltage)
Sc = Uc x Ic
Reactive Q1 2 2
Qsum = si Ssum – P sum
Power
Q [var] 2
Qc = si S c – P c
2

Power Factor PF1

PFsum = si P sum
-----------
-
PF S sum

P
PFc = si -----c
Sc

Displacement DPF1
P sum ( 1 )
DPFsum = si -----------------------------------------------------
-
Power Factor 2 2
P su m ( 1 ) + Q su m ( 1 )
DPF
• Subscript definitions
c: Measurement Channel (1 to 3 ), 1, 2, 3: Measurement Channel, M: Sample count, s: Sample point
number, ave: average of multiple channels; sum: sum of multiple channels
• Variable definitions
U: Inter-line voltage (three-phase 4-wire phase voltage), I: line current, u: phase voltage from virtual
neutral
si : Polarity sign of lead and lag (using sign of fundamental waveform reactive power)
The polarity sign of the leading phase (LEAD) is “–” when the polarity of fundamental waveform
reactive power is positive.
The polarity of the lagging phase (LAG) is unsigned when the polarity of fundamental waveform
reactive power is negative.
*1. Formulas that apply to inputs 1 to 3 for single-phase wiring also apply to c in other wiring
configurations.
*2. The polarity of Active Power P is (+) for consumption and (–) for regeneration, indicating the pow-
er flow direction.
*3. When S<|P| due to a measurement error or unbalance effect, processing is performed with S=|P|,
Q=0 and PF=1
*4. When S=0, processing is performed with PF=1.000
 159
8.5 Calculation Formulas

Energy Consumption and Demand Formulas

Single-
Wiring Single-Phase Three-Phase
Phase Three-phase, 3-wire
Configuration 3-Wire 4-Wire
2-Wire

Parameter 3P4W,
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M
3P4W2.5E
Active Power value WP1+ WPsum+ =WP1++WP2+ WPsum+=WP1++WP2++WP3+
(amount of con-
h
sumption) WPc+ = k  (|PC(+)|)
WP+ [kWh] 1

Active Power value WP1- WPsum-=WP1-+WP2- WPsum-=WP1-+WP2-+WP3-

(amount of regener-
h
ation) WPc- = k  (|PC(-)|)
WP- [kWh] 1

Reactive Power h
WQ1LAG WQsumLAG = k  (|Qsum(+)|)
value (amount of
1
lag)
h
WQLAG [kVarh] WQcLAG = k  (|Qc(+)|)
1

Reactive Power h
WQ1LEAD WQsumLEAD = k  (|Qsum(-)|)
value (amount of
1
lead)
h
Active Power demand WQcLEAD = k  (|Qc(-)|)
WQLEAD [kVarh] 1

Active Power Pdem1+ Pdemsum=Pdem1++Pdem2+ Pdemsum=Pdem1++Pdem2++Pdem3+

demand
Pdem+ [kW] h
Pdemc+ = 1---  (|PC(+)|)
h
1

8
Active Power Pdem1- Pdemsum=Pdem1-+Pdem2- Pdemsum=Pdem1-+Pdem2-+Pdem3-
demand
Pdem- [kW] h
Pdemc- = 1
---  (|PC(-)|)
h
1

Reactive Power h
Qdem 1LAG Qdem sumLAG = 1---  (|Qsum(+)|)
demand h
1
QdemLAG [kVar]
h
Qdem cLAG = 1---  (|Qc(+)|)
h
1

Reactive Power h
Qdem 1LEAD Qdem sumLEAD = 1---  (|Qsum(-)|)
demand h
1
QdemLEAD [kVar]
h
Qdem cLEAD = 1
---  (|Qc(-)|)
h
1

Note. h: Measurement period, k: 1-hour conversion coefficient

(+): Use this value (amount of consumption for Active Power or amount of lag for Reactive Power) only
when the numerical value is positive.
(–): Use this value (amount of regeneration for Active Power or amount of lead for Reactive Power) only
when the numerical value is negative.
160
8.5 Calculation Formulas

Harmonic Formulas
Single-
Wiring Single-Phase Three-Phase
Phase Three-phase, 3-wire
Configuration 3-Wire 4-Wire
2-Wire
Parameter 3P4W,
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M
3P4W2.5E
Harmonic Inter-Line Phase Voltage Phase
Voltage Voltage U1k Voltage
Uk U1k U2k U1k
U1k
[Vrms] U1k U2k U3k U2k
U2k
*1 U3k U3k
(U1s+(-U2s)+U3s=0
are assumed)
2 2
Uck = U k r + U ki

Harmonic I1k
Current I2k I1k
I1k
Ik I1k I3k I2k
I2k
[Arms] (Assuming I3k
I1s+I2s+I3s=0 )
2 2
Ick = I kr + I k i

Harmonic Psumk=P1k + P2k + P3k

P1k Psumk=P1k + P2k
Power *2 (U is phase voltage for FFT)
Pk
Pck = U kr × I kr + U ki × I ki
[W]
c: Measurement channel, k: Analysis order, r: Amount of resistance after FFT, i: Amount of reactance after
FFT
*1. Harmonic content percentage (harmonic voltage) divide each value by the fundamental
waveform amplitude to make 100%.
*2. The phase value from the virtual neutral point is used to calculate Pk and Qk for 3P3W3M.

Single-
Wiring Single-Phase Three-Phase
Phase Three-phase, 3-wire
Configuration 3-Wire 4-Wire
2-Wire
Parameter 3P4W,
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M
3P4W2.5E
For internal Qsumk=Q1k + Q2k + Q3k
Q1k Qsumk=Q1k + Q2k
calculations*1 (U is phase voltage for FFT)
Harmonics
Reactive Power Qck = U kr × I ki – U ki × I kr
Qk
[var]
*1. The phase value from the virtual neutral point is used to calculate Pk and Qk for 3P3W3M.
*2. Phase angles of the fundamental voltage and current waveforms are calculated using only the
first-order calculated harmonic, and are displayed by normalizing fundamental waveform U1 to
0°.
 161
8.5 Calculation Formulas

Single-
Wiring Single-Phase Three-Phase
Phase Three-phase, 3-wire
Configuration 3-Wire 4-Wire
2-Wire
Parameter 3P4W,
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M
3P4W2.5E
Fundamental φU1(1)
φU1(1)
waveform φU1(1) φU2(1)
φU2(1)
Voltage phase φU3(1)
angle *2
U
φU φ U c ( 1 ) = tan – 1 --------r-
–Ui
[deg]
Fundamental φI1(1) φI1(1) φI1(1)
waveform φI2(1) φI2(1)
Current phase φI3(1)
angle *2
φI I
φ I c ( 1 ) = tan – 1 ------
r
– I i
[deg]
*1. The phase value from the virtual neutral point is used to calculate Pk and Qk for 3P3W3M.
*2. Phase angles of the fundamental voltage and current waveforms are calculated using only the
first-order calculated harmonic, and are displayed by normalizing fundamental waveform U1 to
0°.

8
162
8.5 Calculation Formulas

Single-
Wiring Single-Phase Three-Phase
Phase Three-phase, 3-wire
Configuration 3-Wire 4-Wire
2-Wire

Parameter 3P4W,
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M
3P4W2.5E
Voltage Total THDUF1
THDUF1
Harmonic THDUF1 THDUF2
Distortion THDUF2
THDUF3
THD
[%] 50
 ( U ck ) 2
k=2
THDU Fc = -------------------------------- × 100
U c1

Current Total THDIF1

THDIF1
Harmonic THDIF1 THDIF2
Distortion THDIF2
THDIF3
I THD
[%] 50
 ( I c k)2
k=2
THD IFc = ----------------------------- × 100
Ic 1

K factor KF1
KF1
KF KF1 KF2
KF2
KF3
50

  k × I 
2 2
ck
k=1
KFc = ----------------------------------
-
50

 I ck2
k=1

c: Measurement channel, k: Analysis order, r: Amount of resistance after FFT, i: Amount of reactance after
FFT

Single-
Wiring Single-Phase Three-Phase
Phase Three-phase, 3-wire
Configuration 3-Wire 4-Wire
2-Wire
Parameter 3P4W,
1P2W 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M
3P4W2.5E
Voltage
1 – 3 – 6β
Unbalance Uunb = ----------------------------- × 100
Factor 1 + 3 – 6β
Uunb U
4
+U
4
+U
4

[%] β = ------------------------------------------------
12 23 31
-
2 2 2 2
(U +U +U )
12 23 31
 163
9.1 Troubleshooting

Maintenace and
Service Chapter 9
9.1 Troubleshooting
Inspection and Repair

Never modify the instrument. Only Hioki service engineers should dis-
assemble or repair the instrument. Failure to observe these precautions
may result in fire, electric shock, or injury.

If damage is suspected, check the "Before returning for repair" (p. 164)"
section before contacting your dealer or Hioki representative.

Transporting
• Use the original packing materials when transporting the instrument, if
possible.
• Pack the instrument so that it will not sustain damage during shipping,
and include a description of existing damage. We cannot accept
responsibility for damage incurred during shipping.
Replaceable Parts
Certain parts require replacement periodically and at the end of their
useful life: (Useful life depends on the operating environment and fre-
quency of use. Operation cannot be guaranteed beyond the following
periods)
Part Life
Lithium Battery Approx. 10 years
Backlight
(to half brightness)
Approx. 36,000 hours 9
Battery pack Approx. 1 year
Electrolytic Capacitors Deterioration occurs after about 10 years when used in se-
vere environments (temperatures around 40°C).

• The instrument contains a built-in backup lithium battery, which offers a ser-
vice life of about ten years. If the date and time deviate substantially when the
instrument is switched on, it is the time to replace that battery. Contact your
dealer or Hioki representative.
• The fuse is housed in the power unit of the instrument. If the power does not
turn on, the fuse may be blown. If this occurs, a replacement or repair cannot
be performed by customers. Please contact your dealer or Hioki representa-
tive.
• The instrument contains many electrolytic capacitors. The useful life of electro-
lytic capacitors varies greatly according to the operating environment, so they
may need to be replaced periodically.
164
9.1 Troubleshooting

Before returning for repair

If abnormal operation occurs, check the following items.

Symptom Check Items

The POWER LED • Is the power switch turned on?
flashes, but nothing • Are the AC adapter and power cable securely connected?
appears on the • Is the battery pack installed correctly?
screen. • Is the LCD backlight auto-off function enabled (ON)?
The keys do not • Are any of the keys stuck down?
operate. • Is the KEY LOCK function enabled (ON)?
Measurement values • Is the frequency of the lines to be measured 50/60 Hz?
are unstable. This instrument does not support 400-Hz lines.
The expected • Are the voltage measurement and clamp sensor leads properly
measurement data connected for the system wiring configuration?
cannot be obtained. • Does the wiring configuration setting match the actual system
wiring configuration?
Operation is • Is the instrument power turned on?
abnormal when • Is the interface cable securely connected?
connected to a • Is the PC application software installed?
computer.
Power does not turn • A power protection component may be damaged. As these are
on. not intended to be replaced or repaired by customers, please
contact your supplier or nearest Hioki representative.

If the cause is unknown

Try performing a system reset. All settings are returned to their factory
defaults.
See: "4.6 Initializing the Instrument (System Reset)" (p. 77)
 165
9.2 Cleaning

9.2 Cleaning

Cleaning the Instrument

• To clean the instrument and input modules, wipe it gently with a soft
cloth moistened with water or mild detergent. Never use solvents such
as benzene, alcohol, acetone, ether, ketones, thinners or gasoline, as
they can deform and discolor the case.
• Wipe the LCD gently with a soft, dry cloth.

Cleaning Clamp Sensors

• Measurements are degraded by dirt on the mating surfaces of the
clamp-on sensor, so keep the surfaces clean by gently wiping with a
soft cloth.

9
166
9.3 Battery Pack Replacement and Disposal

9.3 Battery Pack Replacement and Disposal

• To avoid electric shock when replacing the battery, turn the
power switch off and disconnect all leads and cables from the
instrument.
• To avoid the possibility of explosion, do not short circuit, disas-
semble or incinerate battery pack. Handle and dispose of batter-
ies in accordance with local regulations.

• Expected battery pack life is about one year (or about 500 recharges).
Replace only with another Hioki Model 9459 Battery Pack.
• The battery pack is subject to self-discharge. Be sure to charge the
battery pack before initial use. If the battery capacity remains very low
after correct recharging, the useful battery life is at an end.

Replacement Procedure

Important! Disconnect the AC adapter when installing the battery pack.

Required tool: One Philips screwdriver

Connect the battery cable with
Battery Pack Compartment Cover the white wire to the right.

Screw

The label is on
the other side.

1 Turn the instrument over 2 Remove the battery pack 3 Connect a new battery
to remove the retaining and pull the plug out of pack to the connector,
screw from the battery the connector. and insert it together
pack compartment cover, It should be easy to re- with its wires.
and remove the cover. move when the instru-
ment is laid upside down.

Be careful to avoid
pinching the battery
pack wires.
Screw

4 Replace the compartment

cover and its retaining screw.
 167
9.4 Disposing of the Instrument

9.4 Disposing of the Instrument

Before Disposing of the Instrument
The instrument contains a lithium battery for memory backup. Remove
this battery before disposing of the instrument.

• To avoid electrocution, turn off the power switch and disconnect

the power cord and cables before removing the lithium battery.
• Handle and dispose of batteries in accordance with local regula-
tions.

Removing the Lithium Battery

Required tools:
• One Philips screwdriver (to remove screws)
• One tweezers (to remove the lithium battery)

1 Turn the instrument over to re- 3 To remove the battery, insert the twee-
9
move the retaining screw from zers between the lithium battery holder
the battery pack compartment and the battery to grasp the battery.
cover, and remove the cover.

2 Remove the six screws affixing

the two halves of the case.

CALIFORNIA, USA ONLY

This product contains a CR Coin Lithium Battery which contains
Perchlorate Material - special handling may apply.
See www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate
168
9.4 Disposing of the Instrument
 A 1
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings

Appendix
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time
Settings
Notes regarding the following table:
*1. The recording interval automatically changes to the next longer interval when the longest record-
ng time for the currently selected interval is exceeded. The data at the start of measurement de-
pends on the last interval selected when the previous measurement finished. Data from earlier
measurements that does not match the last interval is deleted.
*2. The “Longest Recording Time” is the longest time that can be measured with the current record-
ing interval.
*3. “Time Plot div” is the length of time represented by one graph division. This value is displayed at
the lower right of the graph on the TIME PLOT screen.
*4. The “Number of divisions” is the number of divisions in a graph.
*5. The “Display period” is the longest time that can be displayed with the selected “Time Plot div”.
After this period, the next Time Plot div is displayed.

Interval setting: [Auto]

When memory partitioning is set [OFF] When memory partitioning is set [ON]
divisions *4 (div)

divisions *4 (div)
Time Plot div

Time Plot div

Number of

Number of
Recording

Recording

Recording
Interval *1

period *5

period *5
Longest

Longest
Time *2

Time *2
*3 (/div)

*3 (/div)
Display

Display

30sec 7 3min 40sec 30sec 7 3min 40sec

1min 7 7min 20sec 12min 1min 7 7min 20sec
30sec
1sec 50min 2min 7 14min 40sec 2min 7
5min 7 36min 40sec
10min 7
1hour 10min 7 1hour 13min 20sec 2min 7 14min 40sec
2sec 40min 25min
15min 7 5min 7
15min 7 1hour 50min 5min 7 36min 40sec
30min 7 3hours 40min 10min 7 1hour 13min 20sec
10sec 8hours
2hours
20min 1hour 7 7hours 20min 5min 15min 7 1hour 50min
2hour 7 30min 7
2hour 7 14hours 40min 6hours 30min 7 3hours 40min
1day 15min
30sec 1hour 3hour 7 22hours 1hour 7
6hour 7
2days 6hour 7 1day 20hours 12hours 1hour 7 7hours 20min
1min 2hours
A
12hour 7 30min 2hour 7
6hour 9 2days 7hours 2hour 9 18hours 20min
12hour 9 4days 14hours 2days 4hour 9 1day 12hours 40min
5min 10days 14hours
10hours 1day 9 9days 4hours 30min 6hour 9 2days 7hours
2day 9 12hour 9
A 2
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings

Interval setting: [Auto]

When memory partitioning is set [OFF] When memory partitioning is set [ON]

divisions *4 (div)

divisions *4 (div)
Time Plot div

Time Plot div

Number of

Number of
Recording

Recording

Recording
Interval *1

period *5

period *5
Longest

Longest
*3 (/div)

*3 (/div)
Time *2

Time *2
Display

Display
2day 9 18days 8hours 7days 12hour 9 4days 14hours
31days 19hours
15min 3day 9 27days 12hours 30min 1day 9
6hours
4day 9
4day 9 36days 16hours 15days 1day 9 9days 4hours
62days 5day 9 45days 20hours 15hours 2day 9
30min
12hours 6day 9 55days
7day 9
7day 9 64days 4hours 2day 9 18days 8hours
31days
8day 9 73days 8hours 3day 9 27days 12hours
6hours
9day 9 82days 12hours 4day 9
10day 9 91days 16hours
60min 125days
11day 9 100days 20hours
12day 9 110days
13day 9 119days 4hours
14day 9

Recording
Starts Recording Start Time: August 26, 2005, 13:09:11 (Recording Interval: 1 sec)

After 50 minutes, (Recording Interval changes from 1 sec → 2 sec)

Recording Start Time: 13:09:12 (Measurement data is deleted 1 sec from the start time)
(Measurement Data Compaction)
After 1 hour 40 min, (Recording Interval changes from 2 sec → 10 sec)
Recording Start Time: 13:09:20 (Measurement data is deleted 9 sec from the start time)
(Measurement Data Compaction)

After 62 days 12 hours (Recording Interval changes from 30 min → 60 min)

Recording Start Time: 14:00:00 (Measurement data is deleted 50 min 48 sec from the start time)

(Measurement Data Compaction)

 A 3
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings

Notes regarding the following table:

*1. Measurement is finished when the Longest Recording Time for the current Recording Interval
has elapsed.
*2. The “Longest Recording Time” is the longest time that can be measured with the current record-
ing interval.
*3. “Time Plot div” is the length of time represented by one graph division. This value is displayed at
the lower right of the graph on the TIME PLOT screen.
*4. The “Number of divisions” is the number of divisions in a graph.
*5. The “Display period” is the longest time that can be displayed with the selected “Time Plot div”.
After this period, the next Time Plot div is displayed.

Interval: 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min case

When memory partitioning is set [OFF] When memory partitioning is set [ON]
divisions *4 (div)

divisions *4 (div)
Time Plot div

Time Plot div

Number of

Number of
Recording

Recording

Recording
Interval *1

period *5

period *5
Longest

Longest
Time *2

Time *2
*3 (/div)

*3 (/div)
Display

Display
30min 7 3hours 40min 30min 7 3hours 40min
12hours
1hour 7 7hours 20min 1hour 7 7hours 20min
30min
2days 2hour 7 14hours 40min 2hour 7
1min
2hours 3hour 7 22hours
6hour 7 1day 20hours
12hour 7
2hour 9 18hours 20min 2hour 9 18hours 20min
2days
4hour 9 1day 12hours 40min 4hour 9 1day12hours 40min
14hours
10days 6hour 9 2days 7hours 30min 6hour 9 2days 7hours
5min
10hours 12hour 9 4days 14hours 12hour 9
1day 9 9days 4hours
2day 9
6hour 9 2days 7hours 7days 6hour 9 2days 7hours
12hour 9 4days 14hours 19hours 12hour 9 4days 14hours
31days 1day 9 9days 4hours 30min 1day 9
15min
6hours 2day 9 18days 8hours
3day 9 27days 12hours
4day 9
12hour 9 4days 14hours 12hour 9 4days 14hours
15days
1day 9 9days 4hours 1day 9 9days 4hours
15hours
2day 9 18days 8hours 2day 9
62days 3day 9 27days 12hours
30min
12hours 4day 9 36days 16hours
5day 9 45days 20hours
6day 9 55days
7day 9
A
A 4
Appendix 1 Interval and Recording Time Settings

Interval: 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min case

When memory partitioning is set [OFF] When memory partitioning is set [ON]

divisions *4 (div)

divisions *4 (div)
Time Plot div

Time Plot div

Number of

Number of
Recording

Recording

Recording
Interval *1

period *5

period *5
Longest

Longest
Time *2

Time *2
*3 (/div)

*3 (/div)
Display

Display
1day 9 9days 4hours 1day 9 9days 4hours
2day 9 18days 8hours 31days 2day 9 18days 8hours
3day 9 27days 12hours 6hours 3day 9 27days 12hours
4day 9 36days 16hours 4day 9
5day 9 45days 20hours
6day 9 55days
7day 9 64days 4hours
60min 125days
8day 9 73days 8hours
9day 9 82days 12hours
10day 9 91days 16hours
11day 9 100days 20hours
12day 9 110days
13day 9 119days 4hours
14day 9
 A 5
Appendix 2 Relation Between Graph Divisions and Time

Appendix 2 Relation Between Graph Divisions

and Time
Example of the case of seven graph divisions

7+1/3div
0div 1div 2div 3div 4div 5div 6div 7div

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
TimePlot
0div 1div 2div 3div 4div 5div 6div 7div
Div (/div)
30sec 0min 0.5min 1min 1.5min 2min 2.5min 3min 3.5min
1min 0min 1min 2min 3min 4min 5min 6min 7min
2min 0min 2min 4min 6min 8min 10min 12min 14min
5min 0min 5min 10min 15min 20min 25min 30min 35min
1hour
10min 0min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 1hours
10min
1hours 1hour
15min 0min 10min 15min 30min 45min 1hour
15min 30min
1hour 2hours 3hours
30min 0min 30min 1hour 2hours 3hours
30min 30min 30min
1hour 0hours 1hour 2hours 3hours 4hours 5hours 6hours 7hours
2hour 0hours 2hours 4hours 6hours 8hours 10hours 12hours 14hours
3hour 0hours 3hours 6hours 9hours 12hours 15hours 18hours 21hours
1day 1day 1day
6hour 0hours 6hours 12hours 18hours 1day
6hours 12hours 18hours
1day 2days 3days
12hour 0hours 12hours 1day 2days 3days
12hours 12hours 12hours

A
A 6
Appendix 2 Relation Between Graph Divisions and Time

Example of the case of nine graph divisions

9+1/6div
0div 1div 2div 3div 4div 5div 6div 7div 8div 9div

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Time-
Plot Div 0div 1div 2div 3div 4div 5div 6div 7div 8div 9div
(/div)
2hour 0hours 2hours 4hours 6hours 8hours 10hours 12hours 14hours 16hours 18hours
1day
3hour 0hours 3hours 6hours 9hours 12hours 15hours 18hours 21hours 1day
3hours
1day 1day 1day
4hour 0hours 4hours 8hours 12hours 16hours 20hours 1day
4hours 8hours 12hours
1day 1day 1day 2days
6hour 0hours 6hours 12hours 18hours 1day 2days
6hours 12hours 18hours 6hours
1day 2days 3days 4days
12hour 0hours 12hours 1day 2days 3days 4days
12hours 12hours 12hours 12hours
1day 0days 1day 2days 3days 4days 5days 6days 7days 8days 9days
2day 0days 2days 4days 6days 8days 10days 12days 14days 16days 18days
3day 0days 3days 6days 9days 12days 15days 18days 21days 24days 27days
4day 0days 4days 8days 12days 16days 20days 24days 28days 32days 36days
5day 0days 5days 10days 15days 20days 25days 30days 35days 40days 45days
6day 0days 6days 12days 18days 24days 30days 36days 42days 48days 54days
7day 0days 7days 14days 21days 28days 35days 42days 49days 56days 63days
8day 0days 8days 16days 24days 32days 40days 48days 56days 64days 72days
9day 0days 9days 18days 27days 36days 45days 54days 63days 72days 81days
10day 0days 10days 20days 30days 40days 50days 60days 70days 80days 90days
11day 0days 11days 22days 33days 44days 55days 66days 77days 88days 99days
12day 0days 12days 24days 36days 48days 60days 72days 84days 96days 108days
13day 0days 13days 26days 39days 52days 65days 78days 91days 104days 117days
14day 0days 14days 28days 42days 56days 70days 84days 98days 112days 126days
 A 7
Appendix 3 3197 Data-header Composition

Appendix 3 3197 Data-header Composition

Classifica-
Header Explanation
tion
Date Date Date
Time Time Time
Status Status Status
TIME PLOT Umax1, Umax2, Umax3 Voltage (1/2) Maximum value
DIP/SWELL Umin1, Umin2, Umin3 Voltage (1/2) Minimum value
MaxFreq Frequency
MaxUrms1, MaxUrms2, MaxUrms3 Voltage
MaxU+peak1, MaxU+peak2, MaxU+peak3 Voltage Waveform Peak+
MaxU-peak1, MaxU-peak2, MaxU-peak3 Voltage Waveform Peak-
MaxIrms1, MaxIrms2, MaxIrms3, MaxIrms4 Current
TIME PLOT
MaxI+peak1, MaxI+peak2, MaxI+peak3, MaxI+peak4 Current Waveform Peak+
RMS
Maximum MaxI-peak1, MaxI-peak2, MaxI-peak3, MaxI-peak4 Current Waveform Peak-
Values MaxUave Voltage for 3phase
MaxIave Current for 3phase
Active Power, Apparent Power, Reac-
MaxPsum, MaxSsum, MaxQsum
tive Power
MaxPFsum, MaxUunb Power Factor
MaxUthd1, MaxUthd2, MaxUthd3 Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion Ratio
MinFreq Frequency
MinUrms1, MinUrms2, MinUrms3 Voltage
MinU+peak1, MinU+peak2, MinU+peak3 Voltage Waveform Peak+
MinU-peak1, MinU-peak2, MinU-peak3 Voltage Waveform Peak-
MinIrms1, MinIrms2, MinIrms3, MinIrms4 Current
TIME PLOT
MinI+peak1, MinI+peak2, MinI+peak3, MinI+peak4 Current Waveform Peak+
RMS
Minimum MinI-peak1, MinI-peak2, MinI-peak3, MinI-peak4 Current Waveform Peak-
Values MinUave Voltage for 3phase
MinIave Current for 3phase
Active Power, Apparent Power,
MinPsum, MinSsum, MinQsum
Reactive Power
MinPFsum, MinUunb Power Factor
MinUthd1, MinUthd2, MinUthd3 Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion Ratio
AveFreq Frequency
AveUrms1, AveUrms2, AveUrms3 Voltage
AveU+peak1, AveU+peak2, AveU+peak3 Voltage Waveform Peak+
AveU-peak1, AveU-peak2, AveU-peak3 Voltage Waveform Peak-
AveIrms1, AveIrms2, AveIrms3, AveIrms4 Current
TIME PLOT
AveI+peak1, AveI+peak2, AveI+peak3, AveI+peak4 Current Waveform Peak+
RMS
Average AveI-peak1, AveI-peak2, AveI-peak3, AveI-peak4 Current Waveform Peak-
Values AveUave Voltage for 3phase
AveIave Current for 3phase
Active Power, Apparent Power,
AvePsum, AveSsum, AveQsum
Reactive Power

A
AvePFsum, AveUunb Power Factor
AveUthd1, AveUthd2, AveUthd3 Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion Ratio
TIME PLOT WP+, WP- Energy (Delivered, Received)
Energy
Quadergy WQ_LAG, WQ_LEAD Quadergy (Lagging, Leading)
A 8
Appendix 4 Displayed and Measurement Ranges

Appendix 4 Displayed and Measurement

Ranges
The displayed ranges and ranges of usable measurements (guaranteed accu-
racy) are as follows:
Voltage Range

660V

Range of Valid Measurements

600 V Range
6V 30V 780V
Display Range

1.0V 10V 100V 1000V

Input Voltage

Current Range
Display Range
5,500A

5000 A Range Range ofRange

Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements

50A 250A 6,500A

1,100
A
1000 A Range Range of Range
Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements

10A 50A 1,300A

10A 100A 1,000A 10,000A

550A

500 A Range Range ofRange

Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements

5A 25A 650A
110A

100 A Range Range of Range

Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements
1A 5A 130A
1A 10A 100A 1,000A

55A

50 A Range Range ofRange

Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements

500mA 2.5A 65A

11A

10 A Range Range of Range

Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements

100mA 500mA 13A

100mA 1A 10A 100A

5.5A

5A Range Range ofRange

Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements

50mA 250mA 6.5A

550m
A
0.5A Range ofRange
Valid Measurements
of Valid Measurements
Range
5mA 25mA 650mA
10mA 100mA 1A 10A
Input Current
 A 9
Appendix 5 Power Range Structure

Appendix 5 Power Range Structure

Power Range Structure Table 1

Using Model 9657-10 or Using Model 9694 or Using Model 9660 or
Current Range
9675 (100 mV/A) 9695-02 (10 mV/A) 9695-03 (5 mV/A)
Voltage Wiring
500.0mA 5.000A 5.000A 50.00A 10.00A 100.0A
Range Configuration
1P2W 300.0W 3.000kW 3.000kW 30.00kW 6.000kW 60.00kW
1P3W
600.0W 6.000kW 6.000kW 60.00kW 12.00kW 120.0kW
600.0V 3P3W2M
3P3W3M,
3P4W, 900.0W 9.000kW 9.000kW 90.00kW 18.00kW 180.0kW
3P4W2.5E

Power Range Structure Table 2

Using Model 9661 or 9667 Using Model 9669 Using Model 9667 in 5 kA
Current Range
in 500A range (1 mV/A) (0.5 mV/A) range (0.1 mV/A)
Voltage Wiring
50.00A 500.0A 100.0A 1.000kA 500.0A 5.000kA
Range Configuration
1P2W 30.00kW 300.0kW 60.00kW 600.0kW 300.0kW 3.000MW
1P3W
60.00kW 600.0kW 120.0kW 1.200MW 600.0kW 6.000MW
600.0V 3P3W2M
3P3W3M,
3P4W, 90.00kW 900.0kW 180.0kW 1.800MW 900.0kW 9.000MW
3P4W2.5E

The range structure tables indicate the full-scale display value of each measurement range.
The power range indicates summed values, with the 1P2W power range applicable to each
channel regardless of the actual wiring configuration.
The range structure of Apparent Power (S) and Reactive Power (Q) are the same, but in
units of VA and var, respectively.

A
A 10
Appendix 6 Clamp Sensor Combined Accuracy

Appendix 6 Clamp Sensor Combined Accuracy

Current and Power Accuracy of Clamp Sensor Combinations

Clamp Sensor 3197 Range Combined Accuracy
0.5A ±1.3%rdg.±1.2%f.s.
9657-10
5A ±1.3%rdg.±0.3%f.s.
0.5A ±1.3%rdg.±0.3%f.s.
9675
5A ±1.3%rdg.±0.21%f.s.
5A ±0.6%rdg.±0.22%f.s.
9694
50A No specified accuracy
5A ±0.6%rdg.±0.4%f.s.
9695-02
50A ±0.6%rdg.±0.22%f.s.
10A ±0.6%rdg.±0.4%f.s.
9660
100A ±0.6%rdg.±0.22%f.s.
10A ±0.6%rdg.±0.4%f.s.
9695-03
100A ±0.6%rdg.±0.22%f.s.
50A ±0.6%rdg.±0.3%f.s.
9661
500A ±0.6%rdg.±0.21%f.s.
50A ±2.3%rdg.±3.2%f.s.
9667 500A
500A ±2.3%rdg.±0.5%f.s.
100A ±1.3%rdg.±0.3%f.s.
9669
1kA ±1.3%rdg.±0.21%f.s.
500A ±2.3%rdg.±3.2%f.s.
9667 5kA
5kA ±2.3%rdg.±0.5%f.s.
 A 11
Appendix 7 How to Resolve USB Data Transfer Problems

Appendix 7 How to Resolve USB Data Transfer

Problems
Problems connecting to the 3197Communicator USB Application software for Model 3197
may be due to incorrect settings of the dedicated device driver. Please follow the proce-
dures below to resolve the problem.

Checking the Hardware

1 Is the power to the 3197 turned on?

USBcable
2 Is the USB cable properly connected to
your PC and the 3197?

3 After starting the 3197Communicator

application, does the “Refresh Commu-
nication” fail to respond?

No List Displayed No Display

Checking for Proper Setting of the Device Driver

Open your computer’s Device Manager from the START – CONTROL PANEL – SYSTEM –
Hardware Tab.
If not set properly, a question mark icon will appear in front of “Other Devices” and “3197”
below it.

When the Device Driver is Operating When the Device Driver is NOT Operating
Normally Normally

Cause of Incorrect Settings made for Device Driver

Upon your initial connection of Model 3197 to your PC, the Windows Wizard should have A
appeared to help you set up the new device. If the instructions in Chapter 7 were not fol-
lowed, and the default settings of the Wizard were selected, the device driver for Model
3197 may not have been properly installed.
A 12
Appendix 7 How to Resolve USB Data Transfer Problems

How to Resolve the Problem

1 Remove the incorrectly set device driver.
Right-click on the file name “? 3197” under “Other devices” and select “Uninstall”
from the menu.

2 Click
1 Right Click

2 Reset the dedicated device driver.

Follow the procedures in "7.4 Connecting the Instrument and Computer with the
Supplied USB Cable"(p. 134) in the instruction manual.

Using the Windows Wizard, make sure that the options below are selected.

1 Select “Install from a list or spe-

cific location”

2 Click “Next”

3 Click “Search for the best driver in these loca-

tions”

“Include this location in the search:”

C:\Program Files\HIOKI\3197\drivers
(The driver is located in the same folder as
the application.)
4 Select

5 Click
 A 13
Appendix 8 List of Settings (Default Settings)

Appendix 8 List of Settings (Default Settings)

The settings of this instrument are as follows.
O : Initialized
x: Not Initialized
Item Initial State (Factory Default Setting)
Power System
Resume Reset
Measurement frequency AUTO x O
Wiring Configuration 3P4W x O
Nominal Line Voltage AUTO x O
Clamp Sensors 9661 x O
Current Range 500A x O
PT Ratio 1 VARIABLE is also 1.00 x O
CT Ratio 1 VARIABLE is also 1.00 x O
Harmonic Calculation rms value x O
Power Factor Type PF x O
Memory Partitioning ON x O
Interval AUTO x O
Demand Period 30min x O
Timed Control OFF x O
Setting
Timer Event OFF x O
Voltage Transients ON x O
Inrush Current OFF (Threshold 0.0 A) x O
Voltage Swell 110% x O
Voltage Dip 90% x O
Interruption 10% x O
Display Language Japanese English Chinese x x
Phase Colors TYPE1 TYPE5 TYPE3 x x
Phase Names RST ABC L1, L2, L3 x x
Beep Sounds ON x O
Screen Colors COLOR 1 x O
LCD Backlight Always ON x O
LCD Contrast +0 x O
HOLD State HOLD OFF O O
Internal Operating Status Setting (Start key backup function) O O
State Memory Recording Data Erase x O
Browse Mode Browse Mode OFF O O
Key Lock Key Lock Disabled x O
A
A 14
Appendix 9 Definitions

Appendix 9 Definitions
Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in Power Quality
Power
Quality Waveform Display Phenomenon Related Malfunctions
Parameter
Occurs typically as a result of
Near the source of the phe-
lightning, circuit breaker trip-
nomena, power devices may
Transient ping, fouled relay contacts or
sustain damage or opera-
Overvoltage load shutdown.
tions reset abruptly because
(Impulse) Many cases exhibit abrupt
of the especially high volt-
voltage changes and high peak
age.
voltage.

As a result of large inrush

Equipment may unexpected-
Voltage Dip current to a load such as a
ly stop or reset due to low
(Sag) motor starting up, a brief voltage
supply voltage.
dip occurs.

Instantaneous voltage
Damage to the power or re-
Voltage increases that may occur as a
set operations of equipment
Swell result of lightning strikes,
may result from rising supply
(Surge) switching of heavily loaded
voltage.
power lines and other loads.

The power source may shut off

The recent popularity of UPS
momentarily or for a short or
(uninterruptible power sup-
long term such as from tripping
plies) has increased protec-
of a circuit breaker, often as a
Interruption tion for computers and other
result of power company acci-
equipment, although inter-
dent (electric supply interrupted
ruptions can still cause de-
by a lightning strike, etc.) or
vices to shut down or reset.
from power system short circuit.
When harmonic contents be-
Cases commonly occur when a come large, major accidents
semiconductor control system is such as resulting from abnor-
employed to power equipment, mal heating of motors and
Harmonics
where harmonics occur as a re- transformers or burn out of
uslt of distortion of voltage and reactances connected to
current waveforms. leading-phase capacitors
may occur.
 A 15
Appendix 9 Definitions

Power
Quality Waveform Display Phenomenon Related Malfunctions
Parameter
Occurs typically as a result of
Near the source of the phe-
lightning, circuit breaker trip-
nomena, power devices may
Transient ping, fouled relay contacts or
sustain damage or opera-
Overvoltage load shutdown.
tions reset abruptly because
(Impulse) Many cases exhibit abrupt
of the especially high volt-
voltage changes and high peak
age.
voltage.
Because of the fluctuation of
loads on each phase, such as
Voltage unbalance, reverse-
when used for motive power or
phase voltage and harmon-
operation of machinery that load
ics can cause accidents re-
the phases unevenly, some
Unbalance sulting from occurrence such
phases may be more heavily
Factor as unstable motor rotation,
loaded, causing more voltage or
tripping of 3E breakers and
current waveform distortion on
transformer thermal over-
some phases than on others as
load.
a result of voltage drop or
reactive voltage.

A
A 16
Appendix 9 Definitions

Power Measurement by the Two-Meter Method, and U3, I3 Measure-

ment Theory
(3P3W2M Wiring Configuration Mode)


→I1
Three-Phase, Three-Phase,
3-Wire 1 3-Wire Load Side
Source Side
 

u1 U1   
U3  U1, U2, U3: Inter-line voltage vectors
u3   

I1, I2, I3: Line (phase) current vectors

Central    

Point u2 u1, u2, u3: Phase voltage vectors

3  2
U2 

I2→


→I3
Circuit Concept of Three-Phase, 3-Wire Lines

Three-phase power P is usually calculated as the sum of the power of

each phase.
     

P = u1I1 + u2I2 + u3I3 ......................................................................... (1)

However, because there is no central point in three-phase, 3-wire lines,

there is no way to measure the power of each phase independently, and
even if there was, three wattmeters would be required to measure simul-
taneously. The two-wattmeter method is therefore commonly used
(measuring two voltages and two currents).
Power can then be theoretically calculated by the following formulas:
   

When measuring U1, U2, I1 and I2 using wattmeters,

         
P = U1I1 + U2I3 (where U1 = u1 u2 and U2 = u3 u2) ............................. (1)
     

= (u1− u2)I1 + (u3 − u2)I3

         

= u1I1 + u2(−I3− I1) + u3I3 (where the closed-circuit condition is I1+I2+I3=0)

     

= u1I1 + u2I2 + u3I3 ......................................................................... (2)

Here, formulas (1) and (2) match, proving the 2-wattmeter method of
measuring three-phase, 3-wire power.
Also, there are no special requirements other than the closed circuit and
no leakage circuit, so 3-phase power can be measured regardless of
whether the phases are balanced.
The 3P3W2M wiring configuration mode of this instrument employs this
method.
 A 17
Appendix 9 Definitions

Also, under these conditions, the sums of the voltage and current vec-
tors is always zero, so,
  

|U3| = |U1 − U2|

  

|I2| = |−I1− I3|

are calculated internally to obtain measurements of the voltage and cur-
rent of the third phase.
 

For U3 and I2, measurement is performed regardless of distortion. These

values affect the values of 3-phase apparent power and power factor.

With the 3P3W2M wiring configuration mode of this instrument, the T

phase current of the three-phase lines is applied to I2 in each circuit, so
the T phase current of the three-phase lines is displayed as current I2,
and the S phase calculated value of the three-phase lines is displayed
as I3.

A
A 18
Appendix 9 Definitions

Terminology
K Factor Also called the multiplication factor, the K factor expresses the power loss
caused by harmonic currents in a transformer.
The formula for calculating K factor (KF) is:
50
  k 2 × Ik 
2
k=1
KF = ----------------------------------
50
 I
k
2
k=1
k: Order of harmonic
Ik: Percentage of harmonic current relative to the fundamental current [%]
Higher-order harmonic currents have a greater influence on the K factor than
do lower-order harmonic currents.
The K factor is measured while the transformer is subjected to the maximum
circuit load.
If the measured K factor is larger than the multiplication ratio of the transformer
being used, the transformer should be replaced with one having a higher K
factor, or the load on the transformer must be reduced.
When replacing a transformer, the replacement should have a K factor one
rank higher than the K factor measured with the transformer being replaced.
Harmonic Phase The harmonic voltage phase angle and harmonic current phase angle are
Angle and Har- based upon the phase of the fundamental component of the PLL source
monic Phase Dif- (referenced to the PLL input, which is selected from U1 in this instrument).
ference The phase difference between each harmonic component and the
fundamental component is expressed as an angle (º), with a positive sign
signifying lagging phase (LAG) and a negative sign signifying leading phase
(LEAD).
The harmonic voltage-current phase difference expresses the difference
between the phase of each harmonic order voltage component and the phase
of each harmonic order current component for each channel, as an angle (º).
The sum is the total power factor of each harmonic order (calculated from the
total harmonic power and total harmonic reactive power) expressed as an
angle (°). When the harmonic voltage-current phase difference is between -90°
and +90°, the power of that harmonic order is flowing toward the load (inflow).
When it is between +90° and +180° or between -90° and -180°, the power of
that harmonic order is flowing away from the load (outflow).
90°

Voltage-Current Phase Difference

Outflow Inflow
LEAD (Lead)
Voltage-Current 0°
±180° Phase Angle
LAG (Lag)

-90°
Harmonic Phase Angle
 A 19
Appendix 9 Definitions

Unbalance • Balanced (Symmetrical) Three-Phase Voltage (Current)

Factor This term denotes three-phase alternating voltage or current when each
phase has the same voltage (or current) and a phase difference of 120
degrees between phases.
• Unbalanced (Asymmetrical) Three-Phase Voltage (Current)
Denotes three-phase alternating voltage or current when the voltages (or
currents) of the phases are not the same, or when the phase difference
between the phases is not 120 degrees.

Although the following descriptions refer to voltage, they apply to current as well.
Degree of Unbalance in Three-Phase Alternating Voltage
Usually called the voltage unbalance factor, this is the ratio of negative-phase volt-
age to positive-phase voltage
Negative-Phase Voltage
Voltage Unbalance Factor = x 100 [%]
Positive-Phase Voltage

Zero-Phase, Positive-Phase and Negative-Phase Voltage

The concept of zero-, positive- and negative-phase components in a three-
phase alternating circuit applies the method of symmetrical coordinates (in
which a circuit is thought of as divided into symmetrical components of zero
phase, positive phase, and negative phase).
• Zero-phase component: Voltage [V0] that is equal in each phase (the “0”
subscript denotes a zero-phase-sequence component).
• Positive-phase component: Symmetrical three-phase voltage [V1] in which
the value for each phase is equal, and each of the phases is delayed (lags)
by 120 degrees in the phase sequence a→b→c (the “1” subscript denotes a
positive-phase-sequence component).
• Negative-phase component: Symmetrical three-phase voltage [V2] in which
the value for each phase is equal, and each of the phases is delayed (lags)
by 120 degrees in the phase sequence a→c→b (the “2” subscript denotes a
negative-phase-sequence component).

If Va, Vb, and Vc are the three-phase alternating voltages, the zero-, positive- and
negative-phase voltages are formulated as follows:
Va+Vb+Vc
Zero-phase voltage V0 =
3

Va+aVb+a2Vc
Positive-phase voltage V1 =
3
Va+a2Vb+aVc
Negative-phase voltage V2 =
3
Here, “a” denotes the “vector operator”, which is a vector with magnitude 1 and
phase angle of 120 degrees. Any given phase angle is advanced by 120 de-
grees when multiplied by a, and by 240 degrees when multiplied by a2.
When the three-phase alternating voltage is balanced, the zero- and negative-
phase voltages are 0, so only the positive-phase voltage (which in this case is
equal to the rms value of the three-phase alternating voltage) is displayed re-
mains. A
A 20
Appendix 9 Definitions

Power Factor Power factor is the ratio of effective power to apparent power. The larger the ab-
(PF/DPF) solute value of the power factor, the greater the proportion of effective power,
which provides the power that is consumed, and the greater the efficiency. The
maximum absolute value is 1. Conversely, the smaller the absolute value of the
power factor, the greater the proportion of reactive power, which is not consumed,
and the lower the efficiency. The minimum absolute value is 0.

For this device, the sign of the power factor indicates whether the current phase is
lagging or leading the voltage. A positive value (no sign) indicates that the current
phase is lagging the voltage. Inductive loads (such as motors) are characterized
by lagging phase. A negative value indicates that the current phase is leading the
voltage. Capacitive loads (such as capacitors) are characterized by leading phase.

The power factor (PF) is calculated using rms values that include harmonic com-
ponents. Larger harmonic current components cause the power factor to deterio-
rate. By contrast, since the displacement power factor (DPF) calculates the ratio
of effective power to apparent power from the fundamental voltage and fundamen-
tal current, no voltage or current harmonic component is included. This is the same
measurement method used by reactive power meters installed at commercial-
scale utility customers' facilities.

Displacement power factor, or DPF, is typically used by the electric power system,
although power factor, or PF, is sometimes used to measure equipment in order to
evaluate efficiency.

When a lagging phase caused by a large inductive load such as a motor results in
a low displacement power factor, there are corrective measures that can be taken
to improve the power factor, for example by adding a phase advance capacitor to
the power system. Displacement power factor (DPF) measurements can be taken
under such circumstances to verify the improvement made by the phase advance
capacitor.
Demand Denotes the average power [kW] consumed during the demand period (typically
30 minutes), and is used for power company transactions.
 Index 1
Index

Index
Numerics E
1P2W .................................................................83 Event list ................................................. 114, 116
1P3W .................................................................83 Event monitor ......................................... 114, 115
3197 Communicator ......................................127 EVENT Screen .............................................. 108
3197DataViewer .............................................127 DETAILS ..................................................... 117
3P3W2M ............................................................84 INRUSH ...................................................... 122
3P3W3M ............................................................84 RMS WAVE ................................................ 121
3P4W .................................................................85 WAVEFORM .............................................. 120
3P4W2.5E .........................................................85
F
A
Frequency ........................................................ 58
AC adapter ........................................................41
G
B
Ground ................................................................ 9
Backlight ............................................................74 Grounded outlet ............................................... 42
Basic setup ..................................................54, 56
Battery pack ......................................................40 H
Beep ...................................................................74
Harmonic calculation ...................................... 62
C Harmonics ...................................................... A14
Help comment .................................................. 27
Charge ...............................................................40
CHARGE LED ..................................................24 I
Clamp sensor ............................... 38, 45, 60, A10
Clock ............................................................32, 76 Input terminal ................................................... 37
Color ...................................................................73 Input terminal labels ........................................ 37
Computer .........................................................127 Inrush current ........................................... 69, 113
Connection check .............................................86 Inspection ......................................................... 79
Contrast .............................................................75 Install ....................................................... 130, 132
Crest factor is out of range .............................33 Instrument Installation ...................................... 7
CT ratio ..............................................................61 Internal memory ............................................... 32
Current flow direction arrow ............................82 Interruption ....................................... 71, 111, A14
Current input terminals ....................................45 Interval .............................................................. 64
Current range ....................................................60
J
D
JRE .......................................................... 128, 130
Damage ...........................................................163
Default ............................................................ A13 K
Demand period .................................................65
Display language ........................................47, 73 KEY LOCK ................................................. 32, 51
Disposal Keys do not operate ...................................... 164
Battery pack ................................................166
M
Manual ...................................................... 68, 113
Index
Index 2
Index

N RMS ............................................................. 103

Time start .......................................................... 66
Nominal Line Voltage ...................................... 59 Timer ......................................................... 69, 113
Transient ........................................................... 70
P Transient overvoltage ...........................112, A14
Two-wattmeter method .................................A16
Partition ........................................... 34, 63, 89, 92 Typical settings ................................................ 54
OFF ............................................................... 89
ON ................................................................. 92 U
Period of guaranteed accuracy ................... 142
PF type .............................................................. 62 Unbalance factor ...........................................A15
Placement ........................................................... 7 USB cable ....................................................... 127
Power cord ....................................................... 19 USB driver ...................................................... 134
POWER LED ............................................. 23, 46 USB port ........................................................... 24
Power range ..................................................... A9
Power supply indicators ................................. 32 V
Power switch .............................................. 23, 24
PT ratio ............................................................. 61 Version .............................................................. 72
VIEW Screen .................................................... 96
R Display hold .................................................. 96
DMM ............................................................ 101
Range ................................................................ A8 HARMONICS ............................................... 99
Ranges of guaranteed accuracy ................... A8 VECTOR ....................................................... 98
Ranges of usable measurements ................. A8 Voltage cords ................................................... 42
Repair .............................................................. 163 Voltage dip ........................................71, 111, A14
REVIEW .......................................................... 123 Voltage input terminals ................................... 24
Voltage inputs terminal ................................... 43
S Voltage swell ....................................71, 110, A14
Save screen image ......................................... 52
SC ...................................................................... 33
W
Self-Test ........................................................... 47 WAVEFORM .................................................... 97
Serial No. .................................................... 26, 76 Wiring ................................................................ 58
Single-Phase 2-Wire ....................................... 83
Single-Phase 3-Wire ....................................... 83
Stand ................................................................. 26
Start ................................................................... 68
Startup screen ........................................... 47, 80
Stop ................................................................... 68
Strap .................................................................. 38
Strap hole ......................................................... 24
System reset .................................................... 77
SYSTEM screen .............................................. 57
MEASURE .................................................... 57
REC&EVENT ......................................... 63, 67
SYSTEM ....................................................... 72

T
Three-Phase 3-Wire ........................................ 84
Three-Phase 4-Wire ........................................ 85
TIME PLOT Screen
DEMAND .................................................... 106
DIP/SWELL ................................................ 105
ENERGY .................................................... 107
 Instruction Manual

3197
POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER

May 2012 Revised edition 7 3197A981-07 12-05H