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CSV file handling

The document provides an overview of CSV (Comma-Separated Values) file handling, including its definition, characteristics, and usage in Python. It details how to read from and write to CSV files using the csv module, along with examples of code. Additionally, it covers common operations, advantages of using the 'with' block, and methods for creating CSV files.

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safak7248
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11 views

CSV file handling

The document provides an overview of CSV (Comma-Separated Values) file handling, including its definition, characteristics, and usage in Python. It details how to read from and write to CSV files using the csv module, along with examples of code. Additionally, it covers common operations, advantages of using the 'with' block, and methods for creating CSV files.

Uploaded by

safak7248
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class XII Computer Science

Quick Notes on Chapter: CSV File Handling

1. What is a CSV File?

● CSV stands for Comma-Separated Values.


● Used to store tabular data (e.g., spreadsheets, databases).
● Each line represents a record, with fields separated by commas.
● Commonly used in programs like Excel and OpenOffice Calc.

2. Characteristics of a CSV File

● A plain text file format.


● Compatible with various software for import/export.
● Example structure:

Name, Age, City


John, 25, New York
Alice, 30, Los Angeles

3. CSV Module in Python

● Python provides the csv module to handle CSV files.


● Steps to work with CSV files:
○ Import the csv module.
○ Open the file using open().
○ Use appropriate reader or writer objects.

4. Reading from a CSV File

● Use csv.reader(file_object, delimiter=',').


● Steps:
1. Import csv.
2. Open the CSV file in read mode ('r') using with.
3. Create a reader object to parse data.
4. Iterate through rows to access values.
● Example code:

import csv
with open('data.csv', 'r') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row)

5. Writing to a CSV File

● Use csv.writer(file_object, delimiter=',').


● Two methods:
1. writerow(): Writes one row at a time.
2. writerows(): Writes multiple rows at once.
● Steps:
1. Import csv.
2. Open the CSV file in write ('w') or append ('a') mode.
3. Create a writer object.
4. Use writerow() or writerows() to add data.

Example code:

import csv
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(['Name', 'Age', 'City'])
writer.writerow(['John', 25, 'New York'])

6. Creating a CSV File

● Method 1: Using Excel


○ Enter data in rows and columns.
○ Save the file with .csv extension.
● Method 2: Using Notepad
○ Type data as comma-separated values.
○ Save with .csv extension (enclose name in quotes, e.g., "data.csv").

7. Common Operations

● Count Records:
○ Iterate through rows and count.
● Search Data:
○ Compare field values while reading rows.
● Perform Calculations:
○ Sum specific fields like salary.

8. Advantages of with Block

● Automatically closes the file after operations.


● Prevents errors due to unclosed files.

9. Key Points

● Use the appropriate delimiter if the CSV uses characters other than commas.
● Handle exceptions for missing files or incorrect formats.

10. Example Program

● Program to Create and Search Records:

import csv

# Writing data to CSV

with open('employees.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)

writer.writerow(['EmpNo', 'Name', 'Salary'])

while True:

empno = input("Enter Employee Number: ")

name = input("Enter Employee Name: ")

salary = input("Enter Employee Salary: ")

writer.writerow([empno, name, salary])

if input("Add More? (y/n): ").lower() != 'y':

break

# Searching data in CSV

with open('employees.csv', 'r') as file:

reader = csv.reader(file)

data = list(reader)

empno_to_search = input("Enter Employee Number to Search: ")

for row in data[1:]:


if row[0] == empno_to_search:

print(f"Name: {row[1]}, Salary: {row[2]}")

break

else:

print("Employee Not Found")

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