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Python Packages

Python packages organize code by grouping related modules into directories, with each package containing an __init__.py file. To create a package, one must create a directory, add modules, include an __init__.py file, and optionally create sub-packages. An example demonstrates a Math Operation Package with basic and advanced sub-packages for modular and maintainable code.

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4 views

Python Packages

Python packages organize code by grouping related modules into directories, with each package containing an __init__.py file. To create a package, one must create a directory, add modules, include an __init__.py file, and optionally create sub-packages. An example demonstrates a Math Operation Package with basic and advanced sub-packages for modular and maintainable code.

Uploaded by

kaviikaviya2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Packages

Python packages are a way to organize and structure code by


grouping related modules into directories. A package is
essentially a folder that contains an __init__.py file and one or
more Python files (modules).
Key Components of a Python Package
 Module: A single Python file containing reusable code (e.g.,

math.py).
 Package: A directory containing modules and a special

__init__.py file.
 Sub-Packages: Packages nested within other packages for

deeper organization.

How to create and access packages in python


1. Create a Directory: Make a directory for your package.
This will serve as the root folder.
2. Add Modules: Add Python files (modules) to the directory,
each representing specific functionality.
3. Include __init__.py: Add an __init__.py file (can be empty)
to the directory to mark it as a package.
4. Add Sub packages (Optional): Create subdirectories with
their own __init__.py files for sub packages.
5. Import Modules: Use dot notation to import, e.g., from
mypackage.module1 import greet.
Example :
In this example, we are creating a Math Operation Package to
organize Python code into a structured package with two sub-
packages: basic (for addition and subtraction) and advanced
(for multiplication and division). Each operation is
implemented in separate modules, allowing for modular,
reusable and maintainable code.
math_operations/__init__.py:
This __init__.py file initializes the main package by importing
and exposing the calculate function and operations (add,
subtract, multiply, divide) from the respective sub-packages for
easier access.

# Initialize the main package

from .calculate import calculate

from .basic import add, subtract

from .advanced import multiply, divide

math_operations/calculator.py:
This calculate file is a simple placeholder that prints
“Performing calculation…”, serving as a basic demonstration or
utility within the package.
def calculate():
print("Performing calculation...")

math_operations/basic/__init__.py:
This __init__.py file initializes the basic sub-package by
importing and exposing the add and subtract functions from
their respective modules (add.py and sub.py). This makes these
functions accessible when the basic sub-package is imported.

# Export functions from the basic sub-package

from .add import add

from .sub import subtract


math_operations/basic/add.py:

def add(a, b):

return a + b
math_operations/basic/sub.py:

def subtract(a, b):

return a - b
In the same way we can create the sub package advanced with
multiply and divide modules.
from math_operations import calculate, add, subtract

# Using the placeholder calculate function


calculate()

# Perform basic operations


print("Addition:", add(5, 3))
print("Subtraction:", subtract(10, 4))

Output:
6
8

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