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Geog204 Fall22 Lecture3-1

The document discusses the concept of topology in geographic information systems, focusing on spatial relationships such as adjacency, containment, and connectivity. It highlights the applications of topological relationships in data input, spatial search, construction of complex spatial relationships, and integrity checks. Additionally, it compares vector and raster data models, noting their suitability for different types of spatial phenomena.

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jakex59160
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11 views5 pages

Geog204 Fall22 Lecture3-1

The document discusses the concept of topology in geographic information systems, focusing on spatial relationships such as adjacency, containment, and connectivity. It highlights the applications of topological relationships in data input, spatial search, construction of complex spatial relationships, and integrity checks. Additionally, it compares vector and raster data models, noting their suitability for different types of spatial phenomena.

Uploaded by

jakex59160
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9/14/2022

GEOG 204
LECTURE 3

Topology

• Topology: The spatial relationships between adjacent or


neighboring features.
• Based on 3 basic elements, Adjacency, Containment and
Connectivity
• Allows analyses like as contiguity, containment, connectivity,
overlap…
• For example, it is used in routing through linear networks. Routes cannot be
established through the network if the line features do not share
nodes/vertices.

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9/14/2022

Topology

Source: ESRI

Topological Relationships:
Areas of Usage
• Data input and representation
• Identify and store adjacency, connectivity &
containment information
• field data collection, digitizing
• E.g. Left/Right of polygon or line

Lo and Yeung (2006) Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information Systems, Prentice Hall 4

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Topological Relationships:
Areas of Usage
• Spatial Search by Topological Relationships
• Find features by adjacency, containment and
connectivity

Lo and Yeung (2006) Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information Systems, Prentice Hall 5

Topological Relationships:
Areas of Usage
• Construction of Complex Spatial Relationships
• E.g. Holes on polygons
• Multipart polygons

Lo and Yeung (2006) Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information Systems, Prentice Hall 6

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Topological Relationships:
Areas of Usage
• Integrity checks and balances
• Essentially the removal topological errors
• E.g. No dangling arcs or overlapping
polygons

7
Lo and Yeung (2006) Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information Systems, Prentice Hall

Data Representation and Analysis

• Vector and Raster data models are ideally suited for solving
different problems
• Raster Model: phenomena that exhibit spatial variability
• Temperature, topography
• Environmental aspects at a regional or national scale
• Habitat, biodiversity analysis

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Data Representation and Analysis

• Vector and Raster data models are ideally suited for solving
different problems
• Vector Model: phenomena necessitates the need for location and
individuality of spatial objects
• Land title management, transportation management and planning, facilities
management
• Environmental aspects at a local scale (as opposed to a regional or national
scale)

• What are some relative merits of the vector and raster data
models?

• Examples of real-world topology rules?

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