Real - lime
Sustemns Definitiom
(By Oxford Dictimay)
An Sys tem in which the time at whicA the output
is becaue
poduced is
siqnificant This is cs Ually
the
he ponds to Some move ment in
inptut Cores
hysical envivonment (o
hysical word, and the outpuut
has elale to that Same move ment, The
he lag
must
yom input tine to oukput time movemenk
acceptabe time liness.
be sukiciently Small or
E x a m p la -
Ie covess vey wide ange systems,o7
ounning wnder the
the
ekample, om twork stations
UNIK operabing lem wm which he cs
setonds
eceive a ponse within a fw
expects
which
aircra ft engihe Contol Syetem
thoough time and aiure
m cst respond wrth in a specilied
Contol and
do Could cause the loss d
posibty the less o) many tivee
CBy Lalter type dSitem and oling )
Real tine Systems are hoxe whicA must prodtuce torec
vesposes wrth in a defihite time iit. `hould computer
esponses exCeed hese tone bouh then pesformante
c'qpndation and/ or
malfuncenn esults.
ii) An alternative deinition.
Aveal-time system eads npuis rom he plont
and send Contwl siqnals to the plant at tmnu
delermined by plan operational onkiderations -not
at time limi ted by the Capabilities the ommuter
Sustem.
Real Time svqram
A poDaTam pr whicA he Corectneus d operalior
both on th legical re&ults he Computatio
depends reselts are poduced.
at which the
and fh hme
The Computer Syplema allh inlo a
caliqon knoon
"tmbwdiecl ComputeRA twhich Meani 7ha he
(onptut es (ust One uhceiontf elomnl Cai-
Lime Suslem nd . het ca alone ComelnG
l a chirc.
.Aic.af n hrul in tton:.
A Common feature deal time sutems enbecd ed st
tems Computers ithat fhe Cemputev is
Conneted to he
ivon'Cnt th in ohirh it i uoiby a wide ange
inter fau devics and OCCIVek ant sends a unie ty
simuli
for example, helaul inet, j lant ocett t , ond Cominuni.
Cation tuks hoi in i br ) ow , Comon eatuie
i
twhicl
DE VICES
VDU KE RD
LAN eINTER
CorIMUNICATION (N'TE KË nd
CONTRO LER TASKS
COMMUNICAT( 0N TASKS
INPUT tiGuxe 2 onwvTER
IMAGE oUTPUT
ImAGE CoNTROL SYSTEM SHowNG
DPUT CommUNICATION ThSKs.
TAS KS oUTPUT
TASKS
NPUT OUTPUT
PEVICES DEVICES
PKoCESS PROCLE Ss PKOCESS PRoCESs PLANT
in therv own time Scalci
iheie
hee external prvresse all gpeull
peral in eal time ifactions
s said to
and ho omputer
he
Cohpute7 Telate to
the time-scales the
Caied out in the
extarnal processe.
betwæn he extemal pvuses and the intesnal
Synch ronisation
delined m
acions Ctask) cavvied out by the Cornputer may be
tems the passage fime, Or the atual time day,
in which Case te System is said to be clod ued and
Caried
Caied ou atcording to a fime schedule
tme
opevations are
t ma
may be deined in temi
ocwnts, o example he
closure a switch, in which cac i said to be enent baxd.
closure a
"he n s a thud calrqony. tntesuctiVe, in uhtch the rlationehup
Is much mor
betuen the ackio4 ihe Comptles ani he syctem
he equie ment is thot a set d
lonichy dend. yfically, pre
Copleted with in
a
in the computer should be
operatona
determined time.
he mayosity o tommicalion tasts fall ino ths category.
1Clock-based Tauks (cycic, paivdia)
procC plant operalis in real time i.e, in texms
plant ime Con&tantk a -
time constant is a measure
h e time taken by a plant respond t a change in
input or load and icA-measune-retirne aker bry
rtant- 4pmd to-a chetnqe--ininpul or load-and ics
(tACC hrteri:tie he plant. he- Time Constaute
ome rhemical psDCuSe
may be meured in hous or
or
in milise condu or an aircaft system.
Clock-bowed
tasks are typically eferved a as Cayclic ov
the term an impy either that the
peiodi tasks_whese
ask Is tb Tln once por fime peiiod T(or cycle time T)
or Is Yun f exacty 7 ctnit intesvals,
for Fecd bath Certol the vequed SamplinqN ralt will be
plont n he lim Coadct The oocoss ts be Contoolled.
he shorter the time ongtant the proctss, the Jaster the
Peaúred Samplhq Yalk. The ompter uhich is ued to tortqpt
hew o e ! he rcni:el to veal time emust
e tljnoait, Contml actuatton
thc
Cnapltton thc ye.ationu with in the spocilied time 15
dapencdent on the ncmta» o) qperaliona t be performed the
spced he Comprte. Synchvnißatlon iscwually obtaincd
bu adding a clock to the comuter system.- normally relaad
clock
1ing sqnal frum ths
a
b internupt he operation homptutsr. al some prdeteni
ined incd fime inteoval.
he Computes hia cavy_ out theplant inpul, plant_autput
the clockinteupt or ihe
ard Contol_taska in 2ponse b
clock interupt tnBil it is- time to m ht taskt. hau been set
at a fasfer va than the Samplinq rate, it may count ach
intevrupt trtil it is tme to un the tash, but for larger
Subdi vided in Te qvus r
tasks Sylens, the taak ave
to run
the plant and these may need
uerentarts
a t di erent sampling rata
clock
intesnupt iseunty uded to kaep
a
The clock
d bolh
and_calendar so that he Compute system is awave
the time and the dale.
Event-bosed Tasks (apesiodic)
There ave many systens where act1ons hale to be perlomed
hot at jarticular imes or time inteTvals but_in_geponse
ae:
toninq offa
TSome event. lypical examples pxmp
a when the level e a lqud in a tank wache
or_closinqvalve
a predekermined value (conzider what happens whon fhe lovel
he tuel ina Ca tank eaches the pump nozzle); o
petrol
Suitching a motor dt n espense to he losre o ca micoosuitch
Some desived position has keen reachcd.
indicalihq that
Event based tems are also used extengively 6 inditat
as
olam onditionu and in1ttal+aladm actons, or example
an indication d) oo high a mperatue or to qeat a
breAsure. he specikication o event- based Syetemi UAuaLy
incluces Deguvemert iak the syglem_must respond
wrth in a Qveh maximum
timeo a partraula event.
Event- based Systems hormalky employ interrupts_5 infoom
The Comput er system that ation equied. Some Small,
simple Sustems y se potling that is, the Compeuter
peniodically asks (polfs) the vamou sensors to see i action
sregumed.
Event s occur at non- detezminis tic intervals and event
bawec tasks ae(guwnt ly efehTed to as apeiodic task.
uh tost a have deadlunes pses sed in tems o hauing
stort imea or inish times (or even koth). for exampla,
o task may be Tnuired Atast toithin 0.5 secords o
oh ewnt ocunn9. o7 alternatively it may have t5 produce
an output end time) wrth in 05 seconds h e event.
Tnieracve Sttems
hleractrve systems
psbbaby oepesent Tha arqest class
deal- hime systems ahd Covey such systems as automatic
bank tellers; eseovation
sye tems or hotels, arünts and
Car Tental
Companle; Computeised tit, ete.
The eal- ime
vequre ment is Uually expTessed in tems such as he
avevcqe
response time mst not exceed.. . ' toy example, an autdmatic
honk teler ysletn miqht Dequse (an
average espcnse time
fime
hot eXrecAina 20 seconds.
Superfieially this type sustem ecms invla
based sstem in that it_epasvnklq uponto to a timsl {r
peuon) but it is del«vend
he_plant Cin his cae usuall y a ,
because it repond toa kignat at a time deternined by
he internal stali the Computer and without any releience
t he environment.
in automatic
bank teller does hot kroknow that yu
An
ave about
about o miss a train, or that it is raining haxd and
ae qeting wet its esponse depends on how buy
the Communication unas and centval Compute an ( and A
Course the you actount),
stall
intexackive give he Ihcat they
ImpeaSlon lhat
any
Many Systems
are clock based in that they e Capable displuing the
do inded hae a val- ttme clock
dali ond time ho
they
which erables them to koep track o time.
