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1EE801 - ECG&CSEB - 17 - 01 - Oscillator Circuits

The document covers the fundamentals of analog electronics, focusing on oscillators and multivibrators. It explains the types of sinusoidal oscillations, the structure and function of oscillatory circuits, and the characteristics of different types of multivibrators, including astable, monostable, and bistable configurations. The advantages of electronic oscillators over mechanical devices, as well as the essential components of a transistor oscillator, are also discussed.

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14 views11 pages

1EE801 - ECG&CSEB - 17 - 01 - Oscillator Circuits

The document covers the fundamentals of analog electronics, focusing on oscillators and multivibrators. It explains the types of sinusoidal oscillations, the structure and function of oscillatory circuits, and the characteristics of different types of multivibrators, including astable, monostable, and bistable configurations. The advantages of electronic oscillators over mechanical devices, as well as the essential components of a transistor oscillator, are also discussed.

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Elements of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering
1EE801
Unit 5 ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Oscillator And Multivibrators

Session, 17/01
Conducted by: Dr. Soumesh Chatterjee
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institute of Technology
Nirma University
Oscillators
Sinusoidal Oscillator
An electronic device that generates sinusoidal oscillations of desired frequency is known as a sinusoidal oscillator.

Advantages of oscillator circuits:

Although oscillations can be produced by mechanical devices (e.g. alternators), but


electronic oscillators have the following advantages.
(i) An oscillator is a non-rotating device. Consequently, there is little wear and tear and
hence longer life.
(ii) Due to the absence of moving parts, the operation of an oscillator is quite silent.
(iii)An oscillator can produce waves from small (20 Hz) to extremely high frequencies (>
100 MHz).
(iv)The frequency of oscillations can be easily changed when desired.
(v) It has good frequency stability i.e. frequency once set remains constant for a
considerable period of time.
(vi)It has very high efficiency.
Types of Sinusoidal Oscillations
(i) Damped oscillations: The electrical oscillations whose amplitude goes on decreasing with time are called damped
oscillations.

(ii) Undamped oscillations: The electrical oscillations whose amplitude remains constant with time are called undamped
oscillations.
Oscillatory circuits
A circuit which produces electrical oscillations of any desired frequency is known as an oscillatory circuit or tank circuit.
Undamped Oscillations from Tank Circuit
Positive Feedback Amplifier — Oscillator
A transistor amplifier with proper positive feedback can act as an oscillator i.e., it can generate oscillations without any
external signal source. Figure shows a transistor amplifier with positive feedback.
Essentials of Transistor Oscillator
(i) Tank circuit: It consists of inductance coil (L) connected in parallel with capacitor (C). The frequency of oscillations in
the circuit depends upon the values of inductance of the coil and capacitance of the capacitor.

(ii) Transistor amplifier: The transistor amplifier receives DC power from the battery and changes it into AC power for
supplying to the tank circuit. The oscillations occurring in the tank circuit are applied to the input of the transistor
amplifier. Because of the amplifying properties of the transistor, we get increased output of these oscillations

(iii) Feedback circuit: The feedback circuit supplies a part of collector energy to the tank circuit in correct phase to aid
the oscillations i.e. it provides positive feedback.
Multivibrators
An electronic circuit that generates square waves (or other non-sinusoidals such as rectangular, saw-tooth
waves) is known as a multivibrator.
Types of Multivibrators
A multivibrator is basically a two-stage amplifier with output of one fedback to the input of the other. At any particular
instant, one transistor is ON and the other is OFF. The two possible states of a multivibrator are :

Depending upon the manner in which the two stages interchange their states, the multivibrators are classified as,

(i) Astable or free running multivibrator


(ii) Monostable or one-shot multivibrator
(iii) Bi-stable or flip-flop multivibrator
(i) The astable or free running multivibrator alternates automatically between the two states and remains in each for a
time dependent upon the circuit constants. Thus it is just an oscillator since it requires no external pulse for its operation.
Of course, it does require a source of d.c. power. Because it continuously produces the square-wave output, it is often
referred to as a free running multivibrator.
(ii) The monostable or one-shot multivibrator has one state stable and one quasi-stable (i.e. half-stable) state. The
application of input pulse triggers the circuit into its quasi-stable state, in which it remains for a period determined by
circuit constants. After this period of time, the circuit returns to its initial stable state, the process is repeated upon the
application of each trigger pulse. Since the monostable multivibrator produces a single output pulse for each input
trigger pulse, it is generally called one-shot multivibrator.

(iii) The bistable multivibrator has both the two states stable. It requires the application of an external triggering pulse to
change the operation from either one state to the other. Thus one pulse is used to generate half-cycle of square wave
and another pulse to generate the next half-cycle of square wave. It is also known as a flip-flop multivibrator because of
the two possible states it can assume.
What we have learnt today !!!

Thank you….

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