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Introduction To Computer Networks and Data Communication - Slides

The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing various types such as PAN, LAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN, along with their functions and components. It discusses data communications, network management, and cloud computing, as well as the TCP/IP protocol suite and OSI model for network architecture. Additionally, it highlights examples of communication networks, including desktop, laptop, cellular, and industrial sensor-based systems.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
42 views42 pages

Introduction To Computer Networks and Data Communication - Slides

The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing various types such as PAN, LAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN, along with their functions and components. It discusses data communications, network management, and cloud computing, as well as the TCP/IP protocol suite and OSI model for network architecture. Additionally, it highlights examples of communication networks, including desktop, laptop, cellular, and industrial sensor-based systems.

Uploaded by

chrisokoth127
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 42

Chapter 1

Introduction to Computer Networks


and Data Communications

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Language of Computer Networks (1 of 3)
• Computer network – an interconnection of computers and computing
equipment using either wires or radio waves over small or large
geographic areas
• Wireless computer networks – networks that rely on different kinds of
low energy radiation
• PAN: Personal Area Network – a network of a few meters, between
wireless devices such as PDAs, laptops, and similar devices
• LAN: Local Area Network – networks that are small in geographic size
spanning a room, floor, building, or campus

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Language of Computer Networks (2 of 3)
• CAN: Campus Area Network – a network that spans multiple buildings
on a business or school campus
• MAN: Metropolitan Area Network – networks that serve an area of 1
to 30 miles, approximately the size of a typical city
• WAN: Wide Area Network – a large network that encompasses parts
of states, multiple states, countries, and the world

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Language of Computer Networks (3 of 3)
• Data communications and protocols – the transfer of digital or analog
data using digital or analog signals following predefined standards
• Network management – the design, installation, and support of a
network, including its hardware and software
• Cloud computing – service provided over the Internet instead of
provided by an underlying hardware

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Big Picture of Networks (1 of 2)
• Networks are composed of many devices, including:
– Workstations (computers, tablets, smartphones, etc.)
– Servers
– PANs
– Network switches
– Routers (LAN to WAN and WAN to WAN)
– Network nodes and subnetworks

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Big Picture of Networks (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Common Examples of Communications
Networks (1 of 2)
• The desktop computer and the Internet
• A laptop computer and a wireless connection
• Cellular networks
• Sensor networks
• Business mainframe networks
• Satellite networks
• Cloud networks

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Common Examples of Communications
Networks (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Desktop Computer and the Internet (1 of 4)
• Common throughout business, academic environments, and homes
• Typically, a medium- to high-speed connection
• Computer (device) requires a NIC (network interface card)
• NIC connects to a hub-like device (switch)
• Often considered a client/server system

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Desktop Computer and the Internet (2 of 4)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Desktop Computer and the Internet (3 of 4)
• At work or at school – connection is typically some form of Ethernet
• At home, for some, a dial-up modem is used to connect user’s
microcomputer to an Internet service provider
• Technologies such as DSL and cable modems are replacing dial-up
modems

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Desktop Computer and the Internet (4 of 4)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
A Laptop Computer and a Wireless Connection
(1 of 2)
• At work or at school – connection is typically some form of wireless
Ethernet
• Laptop wirelessly communicates with a wireless router or wireless
access point
• Wireless router is typically connected to a wired-network

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
A Laptop Computer and a Wireless Connection
(2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cellular Networks (1 of 2)
• Constantly expanding market across the U.S. and world
• 5G services available in many areas and under many types of plans
with an ever-evolving set of services continuing to appear
• Latest generation includes higher speed data transfers (20 Gigabits
per second for 5G)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cell Phone Networks (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Industrial Sensor-based Systems (1 of 2)
• Not all local area networks deal with microcomputer workstations
• Often found in industrial and laboratory environments
• Assembly lines and robotic controls depend heavily on sensor-based
local area networks

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Industrial Sensor-based Systems (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mainframe Systems (1 of 2)
• Predominant form in the 1960s and 1970s
• Still used in many types of businesses for data entry and data
retrieval
• Few dumb terminals left today – most are microcomputers with
terminal emulation card, a web browser and web interface, Telnet
software, or a thin client

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Mainframe Systems (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Satellite and Microwave Networks (1 of 2)
• Typically long distance wireless connections
• Many types of applications including long distance telephone,
television, radio, long-haul data transfers, and wireless data services
• Typically expensive services but many companies offer competitive
services and rates
• Newer shorter-distance services such as Wi-Max

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Satellite and Microwave Networks (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Networks (1 of 2)
• Networks that connect resources that reside “in the cloud”
• Based on the concept of virtualization of services (virtualization
software - hypervisor)
• Typically creating virtual machines
– Public clouds
– Private clouds
– Hybrid clouds

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Networks (2 of 2)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Network Architectures
• A reference model that describes the layers of hardware and
software necessary to transmit data between two points or for
multiple devices/applications to interoperate
• Reference models are necessary to increase likelihood that different
components from different manufacturers will converse
• Two models to learn: TCP/IP protocol suite and OSI model

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite (1 of 4)

Note: Some authors show only four layers, combining the two bottom layers.

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite (2 of 4)
• Application layer
– Where the application using the network resides
– Common network applications include web browsing, email, file
transfers, and remote logins
• Transport layer
– Performs a series of miscellaneous functions (at the end-points of the
connection) necessary for presenting the data package properly to the
sender or receiver

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite (3 of 4)
• Network (Internet or internetwork or IP) layer
– Responsible for creating, maintaining, and ending network connections
– Transfers data packet from node to node (e.g., router to router) within
network
• Network access (data link) layer
– Responsible for taking the data and transforming it into a frame with
header, control and address information, and error detection code, then
transmitting it between the workstation and the network
• Physical layer
– Handles the transmission of bits over a communications channel
– Includes voltage levels, connectors, media choice, modulation
techniques
Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite (4 of 4)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
(1 of 4)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
(2 of 4)
• Application layer
– Equivalent to TCP/IP’s application layer
• Presentation layer
– Responsible for “final presentation” of data (code conversions,
compression, encryption)
• Session layer
– Responsible for establishing “sessions” between users

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
(3 of 4)
• Transport layer
– Equivalent to TCP/IP’s transport layer
• Network layer
– Equivalent to TCP/IP’s network layer
• Data link layer
– Responsible for taking the data and transforming it into a frame with
header, control and address information, and error detection code

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
(4 of 4)
• Physical layer
– Handles the transmission of bits over a communications channel
– Includes voltage levels, connectors, media choice, modulation
techniques

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Logical and Physical Connections (1 of 3)
• A logical connection is one that exists only in the software, while a
physical connection is one that exists in the hardware
• Note that in a network architecture, only the lowest layer contains the
physical connection, while all higher layers contain logical
connections

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Logical and Physical Connections (2 of 3)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Logical and Physical Connections (3 of 3)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing (1 of 6)
• Cloud computing relies on the abstraction of compute, network,
security, and storage functions, instead of underlying over physical
hardware
• It gives network admins and other IT professionals almost unlimited
resources at affordable prices

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing (2 of 6)
Characteristics:

• Scalability: demands can be adjusted over time


• Elasticity: quick increase and decrease in resources
• Pay-as-you-go: charged based on the allocated/requested resources
• Self-service: change of resources can be controlled by the user
automatically
• Broad network access: resources can be accessed from any device
connected to the Internet
• Availability: resources can withstand losses or outages minimizing
disruption of service

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing (3 of 6)
Models of Service:

• SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) to provide applications over cloud


resources
• PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service) to provide basic configuration options
• IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) to provide deep configuration
options to replicate as close as possible the availability of a real data
center

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing (4 of 6)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing (5 of 6)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing (6 of 6)

Jill West | Curt M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User’s Approach, 9th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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