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The document provides hints for a tutorial sheet on Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis for MA11004 at IIT Kharagpur. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear independence, and properties of matrices. The exercises cover topics such as scalar multiplication, closure properties, and examples of linear dependence and independence.

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Ritam Banerjee 11-A Roll-21
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2 views2 pages

Hint 1

The document provides hints for a tutorial sheet on Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis for MA11004 at IIT Kharagpur. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear independence, and properties of matrices. The exercises cover topics such as scalar multiplication, closure properties, and examples of linear dependence and independence.

Uploaded by

Ritam Banerjee 11-A Roll-21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA11004 - Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis

Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Hints of Tutorial sheet 1, Spring 2025

1. (i) Check the distributive property of scalar-vector multiplication over scalar addition.
(ii) Check associative property.
(iii) Check the properties of vector space from the definition.
(iv) Check the closure property of vector addition.
(v) Check the usual properties of vector space for the two functions f1 , f2 with period
p1 , p2 and check the linearity property for f1 + f2 taking period p′ = lcm(p1 , p2 ).

2. (i) {(a, a + c, c) : a, c ∈ R} forms subspace in R3 .


(ii) (A + B)T = AT + B T and (αA)T = αAT .
  
a b
(iii) S = : a, b, c ∈ R forms a subspace of M2×2 (R).
c −a
(iv) Give a counterexample where det(A1 + A2 ) ̸= 0, but det(A1 ) = det(A2 ) = 0.
(v) (a1 , 0, c1 ), (0, b2 , c2 ) ∈ S, but their sum need not be there in S.
(vi) W is a subspace of R3 , but W is not a subspace of C3 .
(vii) U is a subspace of Mn×n (R).

3. (a) Every subspace contains the null vector (the additive identity) and for the converse
use the linearity of integration.
(b) Take g(x) = αf1 (x) + βf2 (x) and show that g ′ (−1) = 3g(2).

4. Verify the subspace criteria. What about W1 as x-axis and W2 as y-axis in R2 ?

5. (a) For E = αA + βB + γC, find α, β and γ.


(b) Take p = αp1 + βp2 + γp3 and find α, β and γ.
(c) Take each vector as αu + βv and solve for α and β.

6. Solve the expression u3 = αu1 + βu2 for some α, β ∈ R.

7. (a) Find the scalars α, β, γ, δ such that α(v1 − v2 ) + β(v2 − v3 ) + γ(v3 − v4 ) + δv4 =
av1 + bv2 + cv3 + dv4 holds.
(b) Find the scalars α, β, γ such that αu1 + β(u1 + u2 ) + γ(u1 + u2 + u3 ) = au1 + bu2 + cu3
holds.

8. (a) Linearly independent. Take c1 (4, −4, 8, 0)+c2 (2, 2, 4, 0)+c3 (6, 0, 0, 2)+c4 (6, 3, −3, 0) =
(0, 0, 0, 0) and c1 = c2 = c3 = c4 = 0 is the only solution.
(b) Linearly dependent. Consider c1 ·2+c2 ·4 sin2 x+c3 ·cos2 x = 0, and then differentiate
it with respect to x two times and find the values of ci from these three equations.
(c) Linearly dependent. Follow the same steps as (b).

9. In each of the intervals [−1, 0] and [0, 1], one has that f1 = cf2 for some scalar c, but in
the interval [−1, 1], do you get the same?

1
10. Show that c1 = c2 = 0 is the only solution of c1 (1 + i) + c2 (i − i) = 0 when c1 , c2 ∈ R.
Then give examples of c1 , c2 ̸= 0 in C such that c1 (1 + i) + c2 (i − i) = 0.

11. Use the linear independence of Au1 , Au2 , . . . , Auk along with the invertibility of A to prove
that u1 , u2 , . . . , uk is linearly independent using contradiction, and vice versa.

12. Disprove. Take examples of two disjoint sets having the same spanning set.

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