S R Coaching Centre

Worksheet Name: Worksheet Straight Standard: 11th Science Subject: Mathematics

Lines

Q1. If the lines y = 3x + 1 and 2y = x + 3 are equally inclined to the line y = mx + 4, find the value of m.
Ans: The equations of the given lines are
y = 3x + 1 … (1)
2y = x + 3 … (2)
y = mx + 4 … (3)
Slope of line (1), m1 = 3
Slope of line (2), m = 2
1

Slope of line (3), m3 = m

It is given that lines (1) and (2) are equally inclined to line (3). This means that
the angle between lines (1) and (3) equals the angle between lines (2) and (3).
m1 −m3 m2 −m3
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∴ =
∣ 1+m1 m3 ∣ ∣ 1+m2 m3 ∣
1

3−m
∣ −m ∣
∣ ∣ 2
⇒ = ∣ ∣
∣ 1+3m ∣ 1
∣ 1+
2
m ∣

∣ 3−m ∣ ∣ 1−2m ∣
⇒ =
∣ 1+3m ∣ ∣ m+2 ∣

3−m 1−2m
⇒ = ±( )
1+3m m+2

or
3−m 1−2m 3−m 1−2m
⇒ = = −( )
1+3m m+2 1+3m m+2

If then
3−m 1−2m
= ,
1+3m m+2

(3 - m)(m + 2) = (1 - 2m)(1 + 3m)

⇒ -m2 + m + 6 = 1 + m - 6m2
⇒ 5m2 + 5 =0
⇒ (m2 + 1) = 0
⇒ m = √−1, which is not real

Hence, this case is not possible.

If then
3−m 1−2m
= −( ),
1+3m m+2

⇒ (3 - m)(m + 2) = -(1 - 2m)(1 + 3m)

⇒ -m2 + m + 6 = -(1 + m - 6m2)
⇒ 7m2 - 2m - 7 = 0
2±√4−4(7)(−7)
⇒ m =
2(7)

2±2√1+49
⇒ m =
14

1±5√2
⇒ m =
7

1±5√2
Thus, the required value of m is 7
.

Q2. Find the equation of the lines through the point (3, 2) which make an angle of 45o with the line x - 2y = 3.
Ans: Let the slope of the required line be m1.
The given line can be written as y = x − 1

2
3

2
, which is of the form y = mx + c
∴ Slope of the given line m =
1
2
2

It is given that the angle between the required line and line x – 2y = 3 is 45°.
We know that if θ is the acute angle between lines l1 and l2 with slopes m1 and m2 respectively, then tan θ = ∣∣
m2 −m1
∣
.
1+m1 m2 ∣

∘ |m1 −m2 |
∴ tan 45 =
1+m1 m2
1
∣ −m1 ∣
2
⇒ 1 = ∣ m
∣
1
∣ 1+
2
∣
1−2m
1
∣ ( ) ∣
2
⇒ 1 = ∣ 2+m
∣
1
∣ ∣
2

1−2m1
∣ ∣
⇒ 1 =
∣ 2+m1 ∣

1−2m1
⇒ 1 = ±( )
2+m1

or 1 = −(
1−2m1 1−2m1
⇒ 1 = )
2+m1 2+m1
⇒ 2 + m1 = 1 − 2m1 or 2 + m 1 = −1 + 2m1

⇒ m1 = −
1

3
or m1 = 3
Case I: m1 = 3
The equation of the line passing through (3, 2) and having a slope of 3 is:
y – 2 = 3(x – 3)
y – 2 = 3x – 9
3x – y = 7
Case II: m = −1
1

The equation of the line passing through (3, 2) and having a slope of − is: 1

3
1
y − 2 = − (x − 3)
3

3y - 6 = -x + 3
x + 3y = 9
Thus, the equations of the lines are 3x - y = 7 and x + 3y = 9.
Q3. Find the image of the point (3, 8) with respect to the line x +3y = 7 assuming the line to be a plane mirror.
Ans: The equation of the given line is
x + 3y = 7 .....(1)
Let point B (a, b) be the image of point A (3, 8).
Accordingly, line (1) is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
Slope of AB = , while the slope of line (1) = −
b−8 1

a−3 3

Since line (1) is perpendicular to AB,

b−8 1
( ) × ( − ) = −1
a−3 3

b−8
⇒ = 1
3a−9

⇒ b − 8 = 3a − 9

⇒ 3a − b = 1 . . . . . (2)

Mid-point of AB = (
a+3 b+8
, )
2 2

The mid-point of line segment AB will also satisfy line (1).

Hence, from equation (1), we have
a+3 b+8
( ) + 3( ) = 7
2 2

⇒ a + 3 + 3b + 24 = 14
⇒ a + 3b = -13 ......(3)
On solving equations (2) and (3), we obtain a = -1 and b = -4.
Thus, the image of the given point with respect to the given line is (-1, -4).
Q4. Find equation of the line parallel to the line 3x - 4y + 2 = 0 and passing through the point (-2, 3).
Ans: The equation of the given line is
3x - 4y + 2 = 0
or y =
3x 2
+
4 4

or y = which is of the form y = mx + c

3 1
x + ,
4 2

∴ Slope of the given line = 3

It is known that parallel lines have the same slope.

∴ Slope of the other line m =
3

Now, the equation of the line that has a slope of and passes through the point (–2, 3) is
3

4
3
(y − 3) = {x − (−2)}
4

4y - 12 = 3x + 6
i.e., 3x - 4y + 18 = 0
Q5. The base of an equilateral triangle with side 2a lies along the y-axis such that the mid-point of the base is at the origin. Find vertices of the
triangle.
Ans: Let ABC be the given equilateral triangle with side 2a.
Accordingly, AB = BC = CA = 2a
Assume that base BC lies along the y-axis such that the mid-point of BC is at the origin.
i.e., BO = OC = a, where O is the origin.
Now, it is clear that the coordinates of point C are (0, a), while the coordinates of point B are (0, –a).
It is known that the line joining a vertex of an equilateral triangle with the mid-point of its opposite side is perpendicular.
Hence, vertex A lies on the y-axis.
On applying Pythagoras theorem to ΔAOC, we obtain
(AC)2 = (OA)2 + (OC)2
⇒ (2a)2 = (OA)2 + a2
⇒ 4a2 – a2 = (OA)2
⇒ (OA)2 = 3a2
⇒ OA = √3a

∴ Coordinates of point A = (±√3a, 0)

Thus, the vertices of the given equilateral triangle are (0, a), (0, –a), and (√3a, 0) or (0, a), (0, –a), and (−√3a, 0).
Q6. The perpendicular from the origin to the line y = mx + c meets it at the point (-1, 2). Find the values of m and c.
Ans: The given equation of line is y = mx + c.
It is given that the perpendicular from the origin meets the given line at (–1, 2).
Therefore, the line joining the points (0, 0) and (–1, 2) is perpendicular to the given line.
∴ Slope of the line joining (0, 0) and (–1, 2) =
2
= −2
−1

The slope of the given line is m.

∴ m × −2 = −1 [The two lines are perpendicular]
1
⇒ m =
2

Since point (–1, 2) lies on the given line, it satisfies the equation y = mx + c.
∴ 2 = m(−1) + c
1
⇒ 2 = (−1) + c
2
1 5
⇒ c = 2 + =
2 2

Thus, the respective values of m and c are

1 5
and .
2 2

Q7. Find the distance of the line 4x + 7y + 5 = 0 from the point (1, 2) along the line 2x - y = 0.
Ans: The given lines are
2x – y = 0 … (1)
4x + 7y + 5 = 0 … (2)
A (1, 2) is a point on line (1).
Let B be the point of intersection of lines (1) and (2).
On solving equations (1) and (2), we obtain x = and y =
−5 −5
.
18 9

Coordinates of point B are (

−5 −5
∴ , ).
18 9

By using distance formula, the distance between points A and B can be obtained as
2 2
5 5
AB = √(1 + ) + (2 + ) units
18 9

2 2
23 23
= √( ) + ( ) units
18 9

2 2
23 23
= √( ) + ( ) units
2×9 9

2 2 2
23 1 23
= √( ) ( ) + ( ) units
9 2 9

2
23 1
= √( ) ( + 1) units
9 4

23 5
= √ units
9 4

23 √5
= × units
9 2

23√5
= units
18

23√5
Thus, the required distance is 18
units.

Q8. If p is the length of perpendicular from the origin to the line whose intercepts on the axes are a and b, then show that 1
2
=
1
2
+
1
2
.
p a b

y
Ans: It is known that the equation of a line whose intercepts on the axes are a and b is x

a
+
b
= 1

or bx + ay = ab
or, bx + ay - ab = 0 .....(1)
|Ax1 +By1 +C|
The perpendicular distance (d) of a line Ax + By + C = 0 from a point (x1, y1) is given by d = 2 2
.
√A +B

On comparing equation (1) to the general equation of line Ax + By + C = 0, we obtain A = b, B = a, and C = -ab.
Therefore, if p is the length of the perpendicular from point (x1, y1) = (0, 0) to line (1), we obtain
|A(0)+B(0)−ab|
p =
2
√b +a2

|−ab|
⇒ p =
2
√a2 +b

On squaring both sides, we obtain

2
(−ab)
2
p =
2 2
a +b

2 2 2 2 2
⇒ p (a + b ) = a b
 2 2
a +b 1
⇒ 2
= 2
2 p
a b
1 1 1
⇒ = +
2 2 2
p a b

Hence, we showed that 1

2
=
a
1
2
+
1
2
.
p b

Q9. Find equation of the line which is equidistant from parallel lines 9x + 6y - 7 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 6 = 0.
Ans: The equations of the given lines are
9x + 6y – 7 = 0 .....(1)
3x + 2y + 6 = 0 .....(2)
Let P(h, k) be the arbitrary point that is equidistant from lines (1) and (2). The perpendicular distance of P(h, k) from line (1) is given by
|9h+6k−7| |9h+6k−7| |9h+6k−7|
d1 = = =
2 2
(9) +(6) √117 3√13

The perpendicular distance of P(h, k) from line (2) is given by

|3h+2k+6| |3h+2k+6|
d2 = =
2 2
(3) +(2) √13

Since P (h, k) is equidistant from lines (1) and (2), d1 = d2

|9h+6k−7| |3h+2k+6|
∴ =
3√13 √13

⇒ |9h + 6k − 7| = 3|3h + 2k + 6|

⇒ |9h + 6k − 7| = ±3(3h + 2k + 6)

⇒ or 9h + 6k − 7 = −3(3h + 2k + 6)
9h + 6k − 7 = 3(3h + 2k + 6)

The case 9h + 6k - 7 = 3(3h + 2k + 6) is not possible as

9h + 6k - 7 = 3(3h + 2k + 6) ⇒ -7 = 18 (which is absurd)
∴ 9h + 6k - 7 = -3(3h + 2k + 6)

9h + 6k – 7 = -9h - 6k - 18
⇒ 18h + 12k + 11 = 0
Thus, the required equation of the line is 18x + 12y + 11 = 0.
Q10. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (-1, 3) to the line 3x – 4y – 16 = 0.
Ans: Let (a, b) be the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the point (-1, 3) to the line 3x – 4y – 16 = 0.
Slope of the line joining (–1, 3) and (a, b), m =
b−3
1
a+1

Slope of the line 3x – 4y – 16 = 0 or y = 3

4
x − 4, m2 =
3

Since these two lines are perpendicular, m1m2 = -1

b−3 3
∴ ( ) × ( ) = −1
a+1 4

3b−9
⇒ = −1
4a+4

⇒ 3b - 9 = -4a - 4
⇒ 4a + 3b = 5 .....(1)
Point (a, b) lies on line 3x – 4y = 16.
∴ 3a – 4b = 16 ......(2)

On solving equations (1) and (2), we obtain

a = and b = −
68

25
49

25

Thus, the required coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular are (

68 49
,− ).
25 25

Q11. Find the value of p so that the three lines 3x + y - 2 = 0, px + 2y - 3 = 0 and 2x – y – 3 = 0 may intersect at one point.
Ans: The equations of the given lines are
3x + y - 2 = 0 … (1)
px + 2y - 3 = 0 … (2)
2x - y - 3 = 0 … (3)
On solving equations (1) and (3), we obtain
x = 1 and y = –1
Since these three lines may intersect at one point, the point of intersection of lines (1) and (3) will also satisfy line (2).
p (1) + 2 (–1) – 3 = 0
p–2–3=0
p=5
Thus, the required value of p is 5.
Q12. Without using distance formula, show that points (-2, -1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (–3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.
Ans: Let points (-2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) be respectively denoted by A, B, C, and D.
Slope of AB =
0+1 1
=
4+2 6

Slope of CD =
2−3 −1 1
= =
−3−3 −6 6

⇒ Slope of AB = Slope of CD
⇒ AB and CD are parallel to each other.
Now, slope of BC =
3−0 3
= = −3
3−4 −1

slope of AD =
2+1 3
= = −3
−3+2 −1

⇒ Slope of BC = Slope of AD
⇒ BC and AD are parallel to each other.
Therefore, both pairs of opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are parallel. Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Thus, points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.
Q13. Find equation of the line perpendicular to the line x - 7y + 5 = 0 and having x intercept 3.
Ans: The given equation of line is x - 7y + 5 = 0
or, y = x + , which is of the form y = mx + c
1

7
5

∴ Slope of the given line = 1

The slope of the line perpendicular to the line having a slope of is m = −

1 1
1
= −7
7
( )
7

The equation of the line with slope -7 and x-intercept 3 is given by

y = m(x – d)
⇒ y = -7(x – 3)
⇒ y = -7x + 21
⇒ 7x + y = 21
Q14. Prove that the line through the point (x1 , y1) and parallel to the line Ax + By + C = 0 is A(x – x1) + B(y – y1) = 0.
Ans: The slope of line Ax + By + C = 0 or y = ( −A
)x + (
−C
) is m = − A

B B B

It is known that parallel lines have the same slope.

∴ Slope of the other line m = −
A

The equation of the line passing through point (x1, y1) and having a slope m = − A

B
is y - y1 = m(x - x1)
A
y − y = − (x − x1 )
1 B

B(y - y1) = -A(x - x1)

A(x - x1) + B(y - y1) = 0
Hence, the line through point (x1, y1) and parallel to line Ax + By + C = 0 is
A(x –x1) + B(y – y1) = 0
Q15. Find the points on the x-axis, whose distances from the line + = 1 are 4 units. x y

3 4

Ans: The given equation of line is

x y
+ = 1
3 4

or, 4x + 3y - 12 = 0 .....(1)
On comparing equation (1) with general equation of line Ax + By + C = 0, we obtain A = 4, B = 3, and C = -12.
Let (a, 0) be the point on the x-axis whose distance from the given line is 4 units.
|Ax1 +By +C|
It is known that the perpendicular distance (d) of a line Ax + By + C = 0 from a point (x1, y1) is given by d = 2
1

2
.
√A +B

Therefore,
|4a+3×0−12|
4 =
2 2
√4 +3

|4a−12|
⇒ 4 =
5

⇒ |4a − 12| = 20

⇒ ± (4a − 12) = 20

⇒ (4a - 12) = 20 or -(4a - 12) = 20

⇒ 4a = 20 + 12 or 4a = -20 + 12
⇒ a = 8 or -2
Thus, the required points on the x-axis are (–2, 0) and (8, 0).
Q16. Find angles between the lines √3x + y = 1 and x + √3y = 1.
Ans: The given lines are √3x + y = 1 and x + √3y = 1.
y = −√3x + 1 . . . . (1)

and y = − 1
x +
1
. . . . . (2)
√3 √3

The slope of line (1) is m 1 = −√3, while the slope of line (2) is m 2 = −
1
.
√3

The acute angle i.e., θ between the two lines is given by

m1 −m2
∣ ∣
tan θ =
∣ 1+m1 m2 ∣
1
−√3+
∣ √3
∣
tan θ = ∣ 1
∣
∣ 1+(−√3)(− ) ∣
√3

−3+1

∣ √3
∣ −2
∣ ∣
tan θ = ∣ ∣ =
1+1 ∣ ∣
∣ ∣ 2×√3
 1
tan θ =
√3

∘
θ = 30

Thus, the angle between the given lines is either 30° or 180° – 30° = 150°.
Q17. The line through the points (h, 3) and (4, 1) intersects the line 7x - 9y - 19 = 0. at right angle. Find the value of h.
Ans: The slope of the line passing through points (h, 3) and (4, 1) is
1−3 −2
m1 = =
4−h 4−h

The slope of line 7x – 9y – 19 = 0 or y = 7

9
x −
19

9
is m 2 =
7

9
.

It is given that the two lines are perpendicular.

∴ m1 × m2 = −1

−2 7
⇒ ( ) × ( ) = −1
4−h 9

−14
⇒ = −1
36−9h

⇒ 14 = 36 − 9h

⇒ 9h = 36 − 14
22
⇒ h =
9

Thus, the value of h is 22

9
.

Q18. A line passes through (x1, y1) and (h, k). If slope of the line is m, show that k – y1 = m (h – x1).
Ans: The slope of the line passing through (x1, y1) and (h, k) is k−y
1
.
h−x1

It is given that the slope of the line is m.

k−y1
∴ = m
h−x1

⇒ k - y1 = m(h - x1)
Hence, k - y1 = m(h - x1)
Q19. Find the slope of the line, which makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of y-axis measured anticlockwise.
Ans: If a line makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the y-axis measured anticlockwise, then the angle made by the line with
the positive direction of the x-axis measured anticlockwise is 90° + 30° = 120°.
Thus, the slope of the given line is tan 120° = tan (180° – 60°) = − tan 60 = −√3 ∘

Q20. Reduce the following equations into slope-intercept form and find their slopes and the y-intercepts.
6x + 3y – 5 = 0.
Ans: The given equation is 6x + 3y – 5 = 0.
It can be written as y = (−6x + 5) 1

3
5
y = −2x + . . . . (1)
3

This equation is of the form y = mx + c, where m = -2 and c =

5
.
3

Therefore, equation (1) is in the slope-intercept form, where the slope and the y-intercept are -2 and 5

3
respectively.
Q21. In Exercises, find the equation of the line which satisfy the given conditions:
Passing through the point (-4, 3) with slope . 1

Ans: We know that the equation of the line passing through point (x0, y0), whose slope is m, is (y - y0) = m(x - x0)
Thus, the equation of the line passing through point (–4, 3), whose slope is , is 1

2
1
(y − 3) = (x + 4)
2

2(y - 3) = x + 4
2y - 6 = x + 4
i.e., x - 2y + 10 = 0
Q22. Reduce the following equations into intercept form and find their intercepts on the axes.
3y + 2 = 0.
Ans: The given equation is 3y + 2 = 0.
It can be written as 3y = -2
y
i.e., = 1 . . . . (1)
2
(− )
3

y
This equation is of the form x

a
+
b
= 1, where a = 0 and b = − 2

3
.

Therefore, equation (1) is in the intercept form, where the intercept on the y-axis is − and it has no intercept on the x-axis. 2

Q23. Reduce the following equations into slope-intercept form and find their slopes and the y-intercepts.
y = 0.
Ans: The given equation is y = 0.
It can be written as
y = 0.x + 0 ….(1)
This equation is of the form y = mx + c, where m = 0 and c = 0.
Therefore, equation (1) is in the slope-intercept form, where the slope and the y-intercept are 0 and 0 respectively.
Q24. In Exercises, find the equation of the line which satisfy the given conditions:
Write the equations for the x-and y-axes.
Ans: The y-coordinate of every point on the x-axis is 0.
Therefore, the equation of the x-axis is y = 0.
The x-coordinate of every point on the y-axis is 0.
Therefore, the equation of the y-axis is x = 0.
Q25. Reduce the following equations into slope-intercept form and find their slopes and the y-intercepts.
x + 7y = 0
Ans: The given equation is x + 7y = 0.
It can be written as y = − x + 0 . . . . (1) 1

This equation is of the form y = mx + c, where m = − and c = 0. 1

Therefore, equation (1) is in the slope-intercept form, where the slope and the y-intercept are − and 0 respectively.
1

Q26. Find the distance between parallel lines 15x + 8y - 34 = 0 and 15x + 8y + 31 = 0.
Ans: It is known that the distance (d) between parallel lines Ax + By + C1 = 0 and Ax + By +C2 = 0 is given by d = |C1 −C2 |
.
2 2
√A +B

The given parallel lines are 15x + 8y – 34 = 0 and 15x + 8y + 31 = 0.

Here, A = 15, B = 8, C1 = –34, and C2 = 31.
Therefore, the distance between the parallel lines is
|C1 −C2 | |−34−31|
d = = units
2 2
√A +B √(15)2 +(8)2

|−65| 65
= units = units
17 17

Q27. Find perpendicular distance from the origin to the line joining the points (cos θ, sin θ) and (cos Φ, sin Φ).
Ans: The equation of the line joining the points (cos θ, sin θ) and (cos Φ, sin Φ) is given by y − sin θ = sin Φ−sin θ
(x − cos θ)
cos Φ−cos θ

y(cos Φ − cos θ) − sin θ(cos Φ − cos θ)

= x(sin Φ − sin θ) − cos θ(sin Φ − sin θ)

x(sin θ − sin Φ) + y(cos Φ − cos θ) + cos θ sin Φ

− cos θ sin θ − sin θ cos Φ + sin θ cos θ = 0

x(sin θ − sin Φ) + y(cos Φ − cos θ) + sin(Φ − θ) = 0

Ax + By + C = 0, where A = sin θ − sin Φ, B = cos Φ − cos θ, and C = sin(Φ − θ)

|Ax1 +By1 +C|
It is known that the perpendicular distance (d) of a line Ax + By + C = 0 from a point (x1, y1) is given by d = 2 2
.
√A +B

Therefore, the perpendicular distance (d) of the given line from point (x1, y1) = (0, 0) is
|(sin θ−sin Φ)(0)+(cos Φ−cos θ)(0)+sin(Φ−θ)|
d =
√(sin θ−sin Φ)2 +(cos Φ−cos θ)2

| sin(Φ−θ)|
=
2 2 2 2
√sin θ+sin Φ−2 sin θ sin Φ+cos Φ+cos θ−2 cos Φ cos θ

| sin(Φ−θ)|
=
2 2 2 2
√(sin θ+cos θ)+(sin Φ+cos Φ)−2(sin θ sin Φ+cos θ cos Φ)

| sin(Φ−θ)|
=
√1+1−2(cos(Φ−θ))

| sin(Φ−θ)|
=
√2(1−cos(Φ−θ))

| sin(Φ−θ)|
=
2 Φ−θ
√2(2 sin ( ))
2

| sin(Φ−θ)|
=
Φ−θ
∣
∣2 sin ( )∣
∣
2

Q28. Prove that the product of the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from the points (√a 2 2
− b , 0) and ( − √a 2
− b , 0)
2
to the line
x y 2
cos θ + sin θ = lis b .
a b

Ans: The equation of the given line is

x y
cos θ + sin θ = 1
a b

Or, bx cos θ + ay sin θ − ab = 0 . . . . . . (1)

Length of the perpendicular from point (√a 2 2
− b , 0) to line (1) is
∣ 2
√a2 −b )+a sin θ(0)−ab∣
∣b cos θ( ∣
p =
1 2 2
√b 2 2
cos θ+a sin θ

∣ 2
√a2 −b −ab∣
∣b cos θ ∣
= . . . . . (2)
2 2 2 2
√b cos θ+a sin θ

Length of the perpendicular from point ( − √a 2 2

− b , 0) to line (2) is
 ∣ 2 ∣
b cos θ(−√a2 −b )+a sin θ(0)−ab
∣ ∣
p =
2 2 2
√b cos2 θ+a2 sin θ

∣ 2
√a2 −b +ab∣
∣b cos θ ∣
= . . . . . (3)
2 2 2 2
√b cos θ+a sin θ

On multiplying equations (2) and (3), we obtain

∣ 2 2 ∣∣ 2 2 ∣
b cos θ√a −b −ab (b cos θ√a −b +ab)
∣ ∣∣ ∣
p1 p2 = 2
2 2 2 2
(√ b cos θ+a sin θ)

∣ 2 2 2 2 ∣
(b cos θ√a −b −ab)(b cos θ√a −b +ab)
∣ ∣
=
2 2
(b cos2 θ+a2 sin θ)

2 2
∣ 2∣
(b cos θ√a2 −b ) −(ab)
∣ ∣
=
2 2 2 2
(b cos θ+a sin θ)
2 2 2 2 2 2
∣
∣b cos θ(a −b )−a b ∣
∣
= 2 2
(b cos2 θ+a2 sin θ)
2 2 2 4 2 2 2
∣
∣a b cos θ−b cos θ−a b ∣
∣
=
2 2 2 2
b cos θ+a sin θ
2 2 2 2 2 2
b ∣
∣a cos θ−b cos θ−a ∣
∣
=
2 2 2 2
b cos θ+a sin θ
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b ∣
∣a cos θ−b cos θ−a sin θ−a cos θ∣
∣
2 2
= 2
[sin θ + cos θ = 1]
2 2 2
b cos θ+a sin θ
2 2 2 2 2
b ∣
∣−(b cos θ+a sin θ)∣
∣
= 2 2
b cos2 θ+a2 sin θ
2 2 2 2 2
b (b cos θ+a sin θ)
=
2 2 2 2
(b cos θ+a sin θ)

2
= b

Hence, proved.
y
Q29. Show that the equation of the line passing through the origin and making an angle θ with the line y = mx + c is
m±tan θ
= .
x 1∓m tan θ

Ans: Let the equation of the line passing through the origin be y = m1x.
If this line makes an angle of θ with line y = mx + c, then angle θ is given by
m1 −m
∣ ∣
∴ tan θ =
∣ 1+m1 m ∣
y
∣ x
−m ∣
⇒ tan θ = ∣ y
∣
∣ 1+ m ∣
x

y
−m
x
⇒ tan θ = ±( y )
1+ m
x

y y
−m −m
or tan θ = −(
x x
⇒ tan θ = y y )
1+ m 1+ m
x x

Case I:
y
−m
x
tan θ = y
1+ m
x

y y
⇒ tan θ + m tan θ = − m
x x
y
⇒ m + tan θ = (1 − m tan θ)
x
y m+tan θ
⇒ =
x 1−m tan θ

Case II:
y
−m
x
tan θ = −( y )
1+ m
x

y y
⇒ tan θ + m tan θ = − + m
x x
y
⇒ (1 + m tan θ) = m − tan θ
x
y m−tan θ
⇒ =
x 1+m tan θ
y
Therefore, the required line is given by
m±tan θ
= .
x 1∓m tan θ

Q30. In Exercises, find the equation of the line which satisfy the given conditions:
Passing through (2, 2√3) and inclined with the x-axis at an angle of 75o.
Ans: The slope of the line that inclines with the x-axis at an angle of 75° is
∘
m = tan 75
∘ ∘
∘ ∘ tan 45 +tan 30
⇒ m = tan(45 + 30 ) = ∘ ∘
1−tan 45 .tan 30
1 √3+1
1+
√3 √3 √3+1
= 1
= =
√3−1
1−1. √3−1
√3
√3

We know that the equation of the line passing through point (x0, y0), whose slope is m, is (y - y0) = m(x - x0)
Thus, if a line passes though (2, 2√3) and inclines with the x-axis at an angle of 75°, then the equation of the line is given as
√3+1
(y − 2√3) = (x − 2)
√3−1

(y − 2√3)(√3 − 1) = (√3 + 1)(x − 2)

y(√3 − 1) − 2√3(√3 − 1) = x(√3 + 1) − 2(√3 + 1)

(√3 + 1)x − (√3 − 1)y = 2√3 + 2 − 6 + 2√3

(√3 + 1)x − (√3 − 1)y = 4√3 − 4

i.e., (√3 + 1)x − (√3 − 1)y = 4(√3 − 1)​

Q31. In what ratio, the line joining (-1, 1) and (5, 7) is divided by the line x + y = 4?
Ans: The equation of the line joining the points (-1, 1) and (5, 7) is given by
7−1
y − 1 = (x + 1)
5+1
6
y − 1 = (x + 1)
6

x - y + 2 = 0 .......(1)
The equation of the given line is
x + y – 4 = 0 … (2)
The point of intersection of lines (1) and (2) is given by
x = 1 and y = 3
Let point (1, 3) divide the line segment joining (-1, 1) and (5, 7) in the ratio 1:k. Accordingly, by section formula,
k(−1)+1(5) k(1)+1(7)
(1, 3) = ( , )
1+k 1+k

−k+5 k+7
⇒ (1, 3) = ( , )
1+k 1+k

−k+5 k+7
⇒ = 1, = 3
1+k 1+k
−k+5
∴ = 1
1+k

⇒ -k + 5 = 1 + k
⇒ 2k = 4
⇒k=2
Thus, the line joining the points (–1, 1) and (5, 7) is divided by line x + y = 4 in the ratio 1 : 2.
Q32. The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangent of the angle between them is 1

3
, find the slopes of the lines.

Ans: Let m1 and m be the slopes of the two given lines such that m1 = 2m.
We know that if θisthe angle between the lines l1 and l2 with slopes m1 and m2, then tan θ = ∣∣
m2 −m1
∣
.
1+m1 m2 ∣

It is given that the tangent of the angle between the two lines is
1
.
3

1 m−2m
∣ ∣
∴ =
3 ∣ 1+(2m).m ∣

1 ∣ −m ∣
⇒ =
3 ∣ 1+2m
2 ∣

or
1 −m 1 −m m
⇒ = = −( ) =
2 2 2
3 1+2m 3 1+2m 1+2m

Case I
1 −m
⇒ =
2
3 1+2m

⇒ 1 + 2m2 = -3m
⇒ 2m2 + 3m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m2 + 2m + m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m(m + 1) + 1(m + 1) = 0
⇒ (m + 1)(2m + 1) = 0
⇒ m = -1 or m = −
1

If m = –1, then the slopes of the lines are –1 and –2.

If m = − , then the slopes of the lines are − and -1.
1

2
1

Case II
1 m
=
2
3 1+2m

2
⇒ 2m + 1 = 3m
⇒ 2m2 - 3m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m2 - 2m - m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m(m - 1) - 1(m - 1) = 0
⇒ (m - 1)(2m - 1) = 0
⇒ m = 1 or m =
1

If m = 1, then the slopes of the lines are 1 and 2.

If m = , then the slopes of the lines are and 1.
1

2
1

Hence, the slopes of the lines are –1 and –2 or − and –1 or 1 and 2 or 1

2
1

2
and 1.
Q33. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 4x + 7y - 3 = 0 and 2x - 3y + 1 = 0 that has equal
intercepts on the axes.
y
Ans: Let the equation of the line having equal intercepts on the axes be x

a
+
a
= 1

or x + y = a ....(1)
On solving equations 4x + 7y – 3 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 1 = 0, we obtain x = and y =
1 5
.
13 13

∴ (
1

13
,
5

13
) is the point of intersection of the two given lines.

Since equation (1) passes through point ( 1

13
,
5

13
).

1 5
+ = a
13 13
6
⇒ a =
13

Equation (1) becomes x + y = i.e., 13x + 13y = 6

6
∴ ,
13

Thus, the required equation of the line is 13x + 13y = 6.

Q34. Without using the Pythagoras theorem, show that the points (4, 4), (3, 5) and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.
Ans: The vertices of the given triangle are A (4, 4), B (3, 5), and C (–1, –1).
y −y
It is known that the slope (m) of a non-vertical line passing through the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by m = 2

x2 −x1
1
, x2 ≠ x1

Slope of AB (m1) =
5−4
∴ = −1
3−4

Slope of BC (m2) =
−1−5 −6 3
= =
−1−3 −4 2

Slope of CA (m3) =
4+1 5
= = 1
4+1 5

It is observed that m1m3 = –1

This shows that line segments AB and CA are perpendicular to each other
i.e., the given triangle is right-angled at A(4, 4).
Thus, the points (4, 4), (3, 5), and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
Q35. In Exercises, find the equation of the line which satisfy the given conditions:
A line perpendicular to the line segment joining the points (1, 0) and (2, 3) divides it in the ratio 1 : n. Find the equation of the line.
Ans: According to the section formula, the coordinates of the point that divides the line segment joining the points (1, 0) and (2, 3) in the
ratio 1 : n is given by
n(1)+1(2) n(0)+1(3) n+2 3
( , ) = ( , )
1+n 1+n n+1 n+1

The slope of the line joining the points (1, 0) and (2, 3) is
3−0
m = = 3
2−1

We know that two non-vertical lines are perpendicular to each other if and only if their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other.
Therefore, slope of the line that is perpendicular to the line joining the points (1, 0) and (2, 3) = − = − 1

m
1

Now, the equation of the line passing through ( and whose slope is − is given by
n+2 3 1
, )
n+1 n+1 3

3 −1 n+2
(y − ) = (x − )
n+1 3 n+1

⇒ 3[(n + 1)y - 3] = -[x(n + 1) - (n + 2)]

⇒ 3(n + 1)y - 9 = -(n + 1)x + n + 2
⇒ (1 + n)x + 3(1 + n)y = n + 11