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GPC510 Well Logging 2024 Lecture-2

The document outlines the teaching plan for the GPC510 Well Logging course for Winter 2024, detailing the topics covered in the first two weeks, including the definition, purpose, and history of well logging. It emphasizes the continuous measurement of subsurface rock properties and the evolution of logging technology from traditional methods to digital formats. Additionally, it discusses the logging operation process, tools classification, and log format, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject.

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24 views19 pages

GPC510 Well Logging 2024 Lecture-2

The document outlines the teaching plan for the GPC510 Well Logging course for Winter 2024, detailing the topics covered in the first two weeks, including the definition, purpose, and history of well logging. It emphasizes the continuous measurement of subsurface rock properties and the evolution of logging technology from traditional methods to digital formats. Additionally, it discusses the logging operation process, tools classification, and log format, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject.

Uploaded by

itsrajmahar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GPC510 - Well logging

Semester - Winter 2024; Lecture-2

Partha Pratim Mandal


Assistant Professor
Department of Applied Geophysics
E: [email protected] / [email protected]

1
TEACHING OUTLINE

Week 1/2
Tutorial 1 – Introduction, teaching overview, and assessment
Tutorial 2 – Well log definition, history, log format, types, units
Tutorial 3 – Borehole effects, environmental impacts

2
AGENDA

 Introduction
 Definition of “well-log”
 Purpose of “well-log”
 History
 Logging units and operation
 Log types
 Log format

3
INTRODUCTION

 Study of rocks – Outcrop, surface geophysics, and


drilling data Logging truck
Depth

15 cm4
DEFINITION – WELL-LOG

 Continuous measurement of physical


properties of subsurface rock formations
in a drilled bore hole
 Can be referred as “wireline logs” or “well-
logs”
 Traditionally, the recording of the
measurements were stored on film,
gridded paper, magnetic tape, etc
 Currently all are recorded in digital format,
stored in cloud platform

Ref: Schlumberger 5
PURPOSE

 Understand geology of rock formation (composition,


structure, organic content) forming sedimentary basin
accumulating hydrocarbons
 Minerals grade/quality
 Geochemical characterization
 Depth to lithological boundaries
 Inter-borehole correlation
 Geological modelling
 Rock strength and in situ stress distribution
 Pore pressure estimation
6
HISTORY

 First electric resistivity well-log acquired by Marcel and


Conrad Schlumberger in 1927 (Location: Pechelbronn,
France)
 A tool was used known as SONDE
 In 1929, commercial resistivity logging started in
Venezuela, Russia and USA

7
LOGGING UNITS

 Service companies use a variety of


logging units (onshore or offshore)
depending upon logging run. Each of
the unit contains the following:
➢ Logging cable/wire
➢ Winch to raise and lower the cable
➢ Self-contained 120-volt AC generator
➢ Surface control panels
➢ Set of downhole tools (sondes and
cartridges)
➢ Digital recording system
Example of a logging setup

8
HOW LOGGING OPERATION RUNS?

Moinard, 2013 9
DRILLING & LOGGING ANIMATION

Drilling animation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBOtXD_UQSo

Drilling to completion:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjm5k6Kf-RU

YouTube, 2013 10
THE LOGGING RUN

 Logs are recorded when the tools are raised


from bottom of the hole (easy maintenance of
uniform cable tension, good depth recording)
 Total depth (TD) is measured with reference to
ground level (GL) or Kelly Bushing (KL) of the
drilling platform
 For an initial recording pass, the tool is raised

Sensors
upto 100 to 200 ft to generate “ repeat section”
 The tool is lowered again to start logging “main
run”
 The speed of logging tools varies (example:
1800 – 3600 ft/hr)
KGS, 2021 11
DEPTH MEASUREMENT

12
LWD – LOGGING WHILE DRILLING

 With the requirement of complex drilling scenario,


like horizontal and directional drilling become
common, logging measurement also changed
 If the drilled well-bore is beyond 60 degree, it is not
possible to push the tools to retrieve physical
measurement
 LWD sensors provide wireline-quality petrophysical
data (resistivity, acoustic, density) while drilling
 Real time data can be transmitted via mud pulses to
the surfaces which help to design well placement
and drilling associated hazards
 The tool is battery powered and uses programmable
read-only memory chips to store logging data until
they are downloaded.
 The tool take measurements at evenly spaced time
intervals and are synchronized with a system on the
drilling rig that monitors time and drilling depth.

Radian® Azimuthal Gamma Ray tool (taken from


Haliburton webpage); Leg summaries & Maps 13
TOOLS CLASSIFICATION

 Measurements are grouped into two types: (i) natural


phenomena (passive system) (ii) induced phenomena
(source + detector (s))

Passive

Refer to Table 2-1 (Book


O. Serra, 1984); Web14
LOG FORMAT

 At the top of the log is the header which records all


necessary information required for data
interpretation
 Main part contains the curves recorded during “main
run” [log columns are referred as Track 1, 2, 3 etc]
 Curves are displayed either in linear or logarithmic
scale
 Tail end of the log contains “repeat run” as quality
control
 Log is ended with calibration part associated with the
tests on the tools of that borehole

KGS, 2021 15
LOG HEADER - EXAMPLE

KGS, 2021 16
LOG TAIL - EXAMPLE

KGS, 2021 17
REPEAT SECTION- EXAMPLE

KGS, 2021 18
END OF LECTURE

Thank you

19

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