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Program a Python 3
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2- the Python language

ÿ Python is a cross-platform language, meaning it is available on several

architectures (compatible with PC, tablets, smartphones, low-cost Raspberry computers

Pi...) and operating systems (Windows, Linux, Mac, Android...).

ÿ It has strong dynamic typing

ÿ The Python language is free, under an open source license.

ÿ It is one of the most popular computer languages along with C, C++, C#, Objective-C,

Java, PHP, JavaScript, Delphi, Visual Basic, Ruby et Perl

ÿ Currently, Python is at version 3. However, version 2 is still widely

used.

Warning: Python 2 is not compatible with Python 3!

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2-1 History of language

ÿ In 1989, Guido Van Rossum (born January 31, 1956 in the Netherlands)

started working on Python

ÿ Guido's goal was to invent a successor to the ABC language, a

learning language not very popular in academia.

ÿ To do this, he directly called upon Unix users who were accustomed to

C language. He wanted Python to be easily usable in

other languages and environment unlike ABC. He succeeded

globally…

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2-1 History of language

ÿ A fan of the Monty Python television series, he decided to name this project Python

ÿ Python is maintained by a community of volunteers, under the umbrella of the Python

Software Foundation

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2-2 Why Python?

ÿ Simple but powerful (scalable)
ÿ Efficient, and comes with many libraries (Battery included!)
ÿ Very readable, educational code
ÿ Increasingly used (Google, FreeCAD, ...) ÿ
Free software, available on all platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac
OS, etc.)

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Ranking of the most popular programming languages
(2015-2016)
http ://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/
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Ranking of programming languages (2016-2017)

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Ranking of programming languages (2019-2020)

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Ranking of programming languages (2020-2021)

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Ranking of programming languages (2021-2022)

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2-3 What can you do with Python?

ÿ scientific computing ( NumPy library)

ÿ graphics ( matplotlib library)

ÿ sound processing, voice synthesis (eSpeak library)
ÿ image processing ( PIL library), artificial vision by camera
(framework SimpleCV)

ÿ bioinformatics ( Biopython library)

ÿ applications with GUI graphical interface
(librairies Tkinter, PyQt, wxPython, PyGTK...)

ÿ 2D video games ( Pygame library)

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2-3 What can you do with Python?

ÿ des applications Web (serveur Web Zope ; frameworks Web Flask, Django ;

framework JavaScript Pyjamas)

ÿ interface with database management systems ( MySQLdb library, etc.)

ÿ network applications ( Twisted framework)

Tens of thousands of libraries are available on the official PyPI repository.

ÿ Machine Learning (scikit learn)

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Great references

ÿ NASA,

ÿ Google,

ÿ YouTube

ÿ edx

ÿ Netflix

ÿ
….

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What do you need to program in python

Programming in python requires:

ÿ a text editor (eg: gedit, wordpad, emacs, ...)

ÿ a python interpreter (a program capable of understanding the
programs written in python).

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IDLE
ÿ IDLE is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Development Environment) pour Python.

IDLE offers a number of tools:

or a text editor (to write the program)

or an interpreter (to run the program)

or a debugger (to test the program)

ÿ There are other IDEs for Python: Thonny, PyCharm, Spyder , …

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Installation
ÿ Download the latest version (3.10) from the official website

https://www.python.org/downloads/
After installation:

Interactive mode

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Execution modes in python

ÿ There are two modes of running python:
ÿ Interactive mode : open a terminal, and evaluate expressions by interacting

with python.

Interpreter = Improved Calculator

ÿ Batch mode: open a terminal and ask python to execute the

instructions of a program contained in a file (.py) We will also speak of

scripts python.

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Interactive mode: Example

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Mode Batch ou script

ÿ Lancer IDLE

ÿ Click on File -> New File

ÿ Save the file
ÿ Type the source code

ÿ To interpret click on: Run ->Run Module (or F5)

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