PRACTICE TEST 3

LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the word or phrase that best complete each sentence.
1. For many young people, driving cars at high speed seems to_____a rather fatal fascination.
A. contain B. comprise C. weave D. hold
2. This dog has been maltreated but I find it very __________ to kindness.
A. answerable B. responsible C. reactive D. responsive
3. It is physically impossible for any human being to _____________ such extreme cold for long.
A. persist B. withhold C. endure D. last
4. How could I have allowed myself to be _________ by his lies?
A. fallen for B. taken in C. tricked into D. seen through
5. He didn't have a__________ of evidence to support his claims.
A. sign B. scrap C. sense D. state
6. My watch seems to be __________ several minutes a day.
A. forwarding B. gaining C. progressing D. moving on
7. There are still, however, rather a lot of obstacles to __________ .
A. overcome B. come over C. solve D. resolve
8. Unfortunately our local cinema in on the of closing down.
A. verge B. danger C. edge D. threat
9. It is his versatility that ____________ him apart from other actors of his generation.
A. puts B. makes C. sends D. sets
10. Terry is an old ____________ of mine. We split up nine years ago but we've stayed friends.
A. fire B. spark C. flame D, blaze
11. You should bear in mind that children of tender years are notoriously
A. impressive B. impervious C. impersonal D. impressionable
12. When she looked in her purse, Janet found she had been ____________ .
A. broken into B. stolen C. robbed D. thieved
13. The charity felt that they had to help the old man, who had no visible _____________of support.
A. resources B. means C. methods D. ways
14. Relief workers______hundreds of crates of second-hand clothing which had been donated.
A. unpacked B. revealed C. unwrapped D. unveiled
15.Van Gogh suffered from depression ____________ by overwork and ill-health.
A. brought on B. coming about C. taken up D. pull through
16. It is often said that having rich parents is a_________rather than a help
A. handicap B. regret C. failure D. penalty
17.It's only a small flat but it____________ my needs perfectly.
A. settles B. meets C. supplies D. fills
18.No wonder she's coughing - she smokes like a _____________
A. chimney B. fire C. cigarette D. pipe
19.A whole host of criticisms have been leveled _______ the committee.
A. against B. towards C. by D. for
20.______ your child's hunger for knowledge with this CD-ROM version of our encyclopaedia.
A. Satisfy B. Quench C. Fulfill D. Meet

Part 2: There are 10 mistakes in the following passage. Underline them and give the correct forms.
Almost 200 years ago, a young German chemist named Friedrich Ferdinand Runge isolated a
from
molecule of coffee beans; he named the substance as kaffein. Today, scientists are still studying the
properties ofp rthis bitter, white powder. More than sixty plants are known to produce caffeine, whose pungent
otect
taste helps prevent them from insect predators.
Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine
form
for hundreds of years, primarily in the way of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Today, it is also added to soft drinks
and energy drinks and is a component of some under-the-counter medications. Many of the world's people,
including children, ingest it in some form daily. o v e r
The body absorbs caffeine in less than an hour, and it remains in the system for only a few hours,
passing from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream within about ten minutes and circulating to other
organs, including the brain. Caffeine molecules are small and soluble in fat, properties and allow them to
that
1
pass through a protective shield known as the blood-brain barrier and directly target the central nervous
system. Caffeine acts on pthe body in many ways, some of them probably are still unknown. However,
rincipal
caffeine accomplishes its principle action as a stimulant by inhibiting adenosine, a chemical that binds to
receptors ono fnerve cells and slows down their activity. Caffeine binds to the same receptors, robbing
adenosine from the ability to do its job and leaving caffeine free to stimulate nerve cells, which in turn
release epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), a hormone that increases heart rate and blood pressure,
supplying energy boost, and in general makes people feel good.
supplies
Part 3: Read the text and give the correct form of the given words to fill in the blanks
Introduction to Mexico's long history
Mexico has a long and (0) FASCINATE ……………………. fascinating history. For some people, Mexico is
synonymous with the Aztecs, who dominated the country from the fourteenth century until they declined in
the sixteenth, as a result of (1) CONQUER …………………….
conquests by the Spanish, and disease. But before the
arrival of Europeans, a number of (2) CIVILISE …………………….
civilizations existed in different parts of Mexico,
going back at least to the Olmecs. The Olmecs are virtually (3) KNOW …………………….unknown now, but they
flourished for over a millennium, from around 1500 BC.

Mexico from the Olmecs to the Aztecs, by Michael D. Coe and Rex Koontz, s an excellent introduction to
the period, and a very (4) INSTRUCT……………………. instructive guide to these early (5) INHABIT
……………………. The authors draw on numerous recent (6) DISCOVER …………………….,
i n h a b i t a n t s discoveries and
discuss topics ranging from the beginnings of agriculture and writing to (7) RISE ……………………. uprisings
against the ruling elite. Of particular interest is the authors' discussion of recent developments in radiocarbon
dating. The (8) IMPLY …………………….
implications of these are likely to transform our understanding of the
timescale of the region.

READING
Part 1:You are going to read a text . Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Applying for your first job?

Getting a job is (0)…………………important

too to leave to chance; (1)……………. above all, work is likely to play
a significant role in your life for many years. So before sending in any applications, think hard about (2)
what
........................... would really suit you.
which
Concentrate on jobs for (3) ..................................................... it
you have an aptitude - (4)…………… can be
very demoralising to have your application turned down. Ideally, your job should be not only one you can
do well, (5) ...................
but also one that makes you look forward to going to work every morning.
It’s important to consider the culture of the organisations you're applying (6)………………….Some for
companies are (7)……… so obsessed with results and profits that employees are under stress all the time. You
need to be clear in your own mind (8)……………………. whether or not you could work in an environment like that
Making an effort in the early stages of applying for a job will almost certainly pay off in the long run.

Part 2: Read the passage and choose the best words to fill in the blanks
The lightest materials in the world

Aerogels are the lightest solid materials in (0)…Invented in 1931, they are gels (like hair gel) in which gas
has been (1)…….for the liquid. They have unique (2)……that have still to be exploited to the (3)………..
Aerogels can be rigid - making them suitable for windows - or flexible; the latter type could be used for
blankets and outdoor clothes. As well as being extremely lightweight - air can (4)……..as much as 99.8% of
the material- aerogels are remarkably effective as insulators: a flower placed on a piece of aerogel held over
the flame of a Bunsen burner will be (5)…..by the heat.
This means that aerogels have considerable (6)……..for use in the building and construction (7)…….,
instead of conventional insulation. However, production costs are very high, so even though it is the best
insulator we have , its use is currently limited, mostly to drilling operations and other (8)……..
environments.
1 A substituted B replaced C changed D relieved
2 A possessions B belongings C contents D properties

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3 A total B full C extent D entirety
4 A put in B make up C fill in D build up
5 A unaffected B unconcerned C uninfluenced D unimpressed
6 A possibility B ability C potential D capacity
7 A category B division C sector D region
8 A extreme B intense C excessive D immoderate

They may be (0) extinction in India, China and Siberia, but in the US, tigers have found a new lease of
life - after a fashion. More than 12,000 are kept as pets – double the number thought to exist in the wild. The
craze persists (-1)……… concern among politicians and animal welfare groups. Various reputable
organisations promote ownership of endangered species. Prices are not particularly (2)………….: $1,000for
a generic cub, $3,500 for a pair of Bengal tigers.
The private trade originated in zoos. Tiger cubs (3)………….so popular with the public that zoos started
breeding more than they needed and sold the (4)………….to private breeders. The US Endangered Species
Act of 1973 outlaws the taking of endangered animals from the wild, but does not (5)……….. what happens
to the offspring of animals captured before the law was (6)…………
Many owners believe they are saving an endangered species. But their cubs have no (7)…………. among
wild tigers. They are a mixture of, (8)……………Sumatran, Siberian and Bengal tigers, which would not
survive in the wild.

0A facing B reaching C getting D meeting

1A in contrast to B nevertheless C in spite of D whereas

2A forbidding B prohibitive C impossible D restraining

3A occurred B demonstrated C established D proved

4A surplus B balance C residue D leftovers

5A rule B conduct C systematise D regulate

6A sentenced B issued C passed D stated

7A equivalent B similarity C substitute D correspondent

8A imagine B say C suppose D take

Part 3: You are going to read an article about Esperanto. Choose the answer which you think fits best
according to the text.
Birdlife, by Glenda Hurst, reviewed by Carl Truman
Birds are present in our lives in so many ways - as pets, as part of many people's diet, even as a
source of inspiration that Glenda Hurst's Birdlife is, in some respects, a welcome miscellany of fact and
fiction. Her previous book, Gold, was a best-seller, and Hurst has, understandably, chosen to repeat a
winning formula. In that book, each chapter focused on a different aspect of the metal, from its financial use
to edible gold leaf, but the apparently random order of chapters meant Gold lacked continuity: there was no
sense of the author presenting a case and leading us through the steps of her argument. While each chapter
was interesting enough in itself, overall the book seemed lightweight, a series of magazine articles.
Nevertheless, Gold sold in large numbers, and I see no reason why Birdlife should not repeat that success.
Birds have played a role in myths for millennia, from ancient China to Egypt to Central America, and birds
are often used as symbols: the dove to represent peace, the eagle for power and so on. In her chapter on
mythology, Hurst takes the reader on a world tour at breakneck speed, but the lack of comparison and cross-
referencing means that readers are often left to their own devices if they wish to interpret the information or
identify similarities between cultures. Furthermore, this approach means that a fair amount of potentially
tedious repetition is unavoidable. There is a great deal of detail and not enough synthesis, leaving the reader
wondering what point, if any, is being made.

3
 I enjoyed the chapter on birds working with human beings. It gives the familiar example of taking
canaries into mines so that if methane or carbon dioxide is present, its effect on the bird gives the miners
early warning of danger. However, I suspect I am not alone in being unfamiliar with the East African
honeyguide, a wild bird which leads people to bee colonies. The men searching for honeycomb make
specific noises, and when the honeyguide hears them, it replies, with a particular call that it restricts to that
one situation. The people smoke out the bees and take the honeycomb, leaving a little as a reward for the
bird - which in this way avoids having to tackle the bees itself. This is thought to be the only instance of
birds in the wild deliberately communicating with human beings to the advantage of both parties.
An area that has seen a great deal of research in recent years is bird migration, a phenomenon that
used to be totally misunderstood: a couple of centuries ago, it was thought that birds that disappeared for the
winter were hiding in mud. We now know a great deal about migration. The Arctic tern, for instance, breeds
in the Arctic, flies south to the Antarctic in August or September, arriving back in May or June - a round trip
of over 70,000 kilometres. And the bird appeared be determined to reach its destination: even if fish are
being caught below it, and birds that are not migrating dive down to steal some, the Arctic tern cannot be
deflected from its journey. Although the Arctic tern holds the record, feats on this scale are far from rare.
Birdlife ends with a short epilogue in which Hurst lays out her vision of an ideal future: restoring
habitats that have been transformed by drainage or by grubbing up hedges, in both cases to improve
agriculture; from the birds' point of view their habitat is damaged or even destroyed. It is here that Hurst
reveals her true colours, as food production comes a poor second to protecting an environment in which
birds can thrive. Reverting to the farming methods of the past is a forlorn hope, however: she can hardly
expect us to sacrifice the enormous increase in agricultural output that we have achieved, when even that is
not enough to feed the world's population
While Birdlife has little to say to serious ornithologists, professional or amateur, if picked up in an airport
bookshop or given as a present, it might well broaden the horizons of others.
1The reviewer mentions Gold in order to
A. emphasise the wide range of topics that Hurst covers in each book.
B. explain what he sees as a weakness in Hurst's approach.
C. support his opinion that Birdlife deserves to be very popular.
D. express his disappointment with Birdlife in comparison with Gold.
2The reviewer suggests that in the chapter on birds in mythology, Hurst
A. misses opportunities to draw conclusions from the information she presents.
B. misunderstands the significance of some of the myths that she mentions.
C. uses repetition rather than discussion to support her interpretations.
D. tries to cover too wide a range of cultures.
3The reviewer refers to the honeyguide to suggest that birds
A. and human beings can co-operate to their mutual benefit.
B can be trained to assist human beings.
'C. could be exploited by human beings to a greater extent.
D.are not as useful to human beings as is sometimes claimed.
4The phrase 'feats on this scale' refers to the ability of some birds to
A avoid getting distracted.
B survive without eating.
C live in cold climates.
D fly long distances.
5What does the reviewer say about the epilogue?
A It overestimates the damage done to birds by changes in agriculture.
B It reveals Hurst's lack of understanding of certain subjects.
C It is unlikely to have the effect that Hurst would like.
D It convinced him that Hurst's concern for birds is justified.
6In. the text as a whole, the reviewer gives the impression of thinking that Birdlife
A reveals how much more there is to discover about its subject.
B is readable without providing new insights into the subject.
C provides a clear overview of a subject with many facets.
D is unusual in bringing together diverse aspects of the subject.

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Part 4: You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed
from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap .There is one extra
paragraph which do not need to use.

Is work changing?

Cromford Mill, in the north of .England, is now a museum, but when it was constructed in 1771, it was the
site of one of the most influential workplace experiments ever seen. This was where textile entrepreneur
Richard Arkwright set up shop. Cotton-spinning had been a cottage industry, but at Cromford Mill, spinners
from all around came together to use machines provided by Arkwright. It was the world's first factory, and it
was soon followed by many more.

41 G
There are good reasons why the model has flourished. Centralizing production allowed for dramatically
greater efficiency. And bosses - then as now suspicious that workers were not always working hard - could
keep an eye on them.
42 C
Two of the biggest forces changing work and the nature of the company are technology and demographic
shifts. Unskilled work still exists, as does highly skilled work, but the jobs in the middle have to a large
extent been automated or outsourced away. Furthermore, technology has made the move to an economy
based on knowledge, not skills, possible.
43 A
As a result of such changes, many of the old certainties are breaking down. You often hear it said that people
used to work for money - very much a hangover from the Industrial Revolution, when work was viewed as a
straight trade of time for money - but now it's claimed that we are more interested in having rewarding work.
44 D
In other words, what we mean by the workplace is changing - it's no longer always a grand (or otherwise)
building with the company's name on top. Increasingly, we can work anywhere - in a coffee shop or at the
kitchen table. The demand that employees work in more flexible ways is encouraging this trend, with
workers (especially younger generations) no longer expecting to be chained to a desk from nine to five every
day.
45 B
In a world of decentralized, non-hierarchical organization permanent full-time employment could become
the exception. So will the firm of the future be made up of loose groupings of self-employed people, forming
and re-forming on a project-by-project basis? Will workers effectively their own chief executives, using
technology to sell skills to the highest bidder and with little attachment to a place of work, each other or the
firms that employ them? It's tempting to think so, but reality is starting to interfere with this picture.
46 F
There is one particular reason why tomorrow might out to be not so different from today: human nature. We
social creatures and tend to be at our best in groups rather than operating alone. Work is where we bond,
gossip, fight, love and hate - in short, it's where we live.
So the prospects for at least some of the familiar aspect of the old Arkwrightian corporate model may not be
quite so bleak as painted. Yes, things are changing, but the advocates of the brave new, networked world
should remember that work is not the only - or, arguably, even the most important - thing we do when we
are at work.

A. In addition, we are all living longer and working for longer. In fact, in some' countries there are now
reckoned to be four or even five distinct generations making up the workforce.

B. For firms, this can seem a no-brainer - they save money on expensive office space while giving their
employees a valuable and appreciated perk. It can be tough to implement, though video conferencing and
private networks have improved things greatly.

C. But times are changing, and the pace and uncertainty of the modern world demand more flexibility
and responsiveness than hierarchies like this can provide. Organisational structures need to be based on
serving the customer rather than preserving the rank and status of managers.

5
D. This is true up to a point, but perhaps more significant is the erosion of the boundary between work
and other parts of life - education, leisure, play; between me-in-work and me-in-my-own-time.

E. Above all, this format is popular because it works. Or rather, it worked, as, after over 200 years,
some observers reckon that the end of employment as we have known it may be near. Are they right?

F. Of course, we are living in a time of disruption, change and novelty, but the fact is that there are also
strong continuities with the past. As a result, that unstructured form of work may remain a dream.

G. This groundbreaking idea has become the norm for millions of us to this day, whether we are
architects or economists, agronomists or oculists, because modern offices are based on exactly the same
principles. They are places where you go in order to work for specific hours, using facilities and equipment
provided by your employer to do a job, for a wage.

Part 5: You are going to read an article about human behaviour. For questions 1-10, choose from the
sections (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which section mentions...

1. a strong reaction to news of the writer's research? C
2. one animal showing jealousy? B
3. an animal thinking of the consequences of their actions? D
4. any unfairness provoking a strong and selfish reaction? A
5. the animal behaviour shown not going as far as equivalent human behaviour? D
6. a sense of injustice from people having to cope with adverse conditions? A
7. an explanation for" the irrational sense of unfairness that humans or animals may show? C
8. an animal's feeling of injustice leading to irrational behaviour? B
9. unfairness among humans being perceived by those who are less well off? A
10. examples of both humans and animals behaving with fairness? D

It's not fair!

Do animals share our sense of unfairness over displays of greed?

A. How often have you seen rich people take to the streets, shouting that they're earning too much?
Protesters are typically blue-collar workers yelling that the minimum wage has to go up, or that their
jobs shouldn't go overseas. Concern about fairness is always asymmetrical, stronger in the poor than
the rich. And the underlying emotions aren't as lofty as the ideal itself. Children become thoroughly
indignant at the slightest discrepancy in, say, the size of their slice of pizza compared to their
sibling's. Their shouts of 'That's not fair!' never transcend their own desires. We're all for fair play so
long as it helps us. There's an old story about this, in which the owner of a vineyard rounds up
labourers at different times of day. Early in the morning he went out to find labourers, offering each
1 denarius. But he offered the same to those hired later in the day. The workers hired first thing in the
morning expected to get more since they had worked through the heat of the day, yet the owner
didn't feel he owed them any more than he'd originally promised.

B. That this sense of unfairness may turn out to be quite ancient in evolutionary terms as well became
clear when graduate student Sarah Brosnan and I discovered it in monkeys. When testing pairs of
capuchin monkeys, we noticed how much they disliked seeing their partner get a better deal. We
would offer a pebble to one of the pair and then hold out a hand so that the monkey could give it
back in exchange for a cucumber slice. Alternating between them, both monkeys would happily
barter 25 times in a row. The atmosphere turned sour, however, as soon as we introduced inequality.
One monkey would still receive cucumber, while its partner now enjoyed grapes, a favourite food
with monkeys. While that monkey had no problem, the one still working for cucumber would lose
interest. Worse, seeing its partner with juicy grapes, this monkey would get agitated, hurl the pebbles
out of the test chamber, sometimes even those measly cucumber slices. A food normally devoured
with gusto had become distasteful

6
 C. There is a similarity here with the way we reject an unfair share of money. Where do such reactions
come from? They probably evolved in the service of cooperation. Caring about what others get may
seem petty and irrational, but in the long run it keeps one from being taken advantage of. Had we
merely mentioned emotions, such as resentment or envy, our findings might have gone unnoticed.
Now we drew the interest of philosophers, anthropologists and economists, who almost choked on
the monkey comparison. As it happened, our study came out at the very time that there was a public
outcry about the multimillion dollar pay packages that are occasionally given out on Wall Street and
elsewhere. Commentators couldn't resist contrasting human society with our monkeys, suggesting
that we could learn a thing or two from them.

D. Our monkeys have not reached the point at which their sense of fairness stretches beyond
egocentric interests - for example, the one who gets the grape never levels the outcome by giving
it to the other — but in cooperative human societies, such as those in which men hunt large game,
anthropologists have found great sensitivity to equal distribution. Sometimes, successful hunters
aren't even allowed to carve up their own kill to prevent them from favouring their family. These
cultures are keenly aware of the risk that inequity poses to the social fabric of their society. Apes,
as opposed to monkeys, may have an inkling of this connection. High-ranking male chimpanzees,
for example, sometimes break up fights over food without taking any for themselves. During
tests, a female received large amounts of milk and raisins, but noticed her friends watching her
from a short distance. After a while, she refused all rewards. Looking at the experimenter, she
kept gesturing to the others, until they were given a share of the goodies. She was doing the smart
thing. Apes think ahead, and if she had eaten her fill right in front of the rest, there might have
been repercussions when she rejoined them later in the day.

WRITING
Part 1 Rewrite the following sentences as directed without changing their meaning.
1.Do you mind if I don't come back to the office after I've been to the dentist at lunchtime? afternoon
Would you have any………………………………………….
o b j e c t i o n s t o m y t a k i n g t h e a f t e r n o o n off after my dental appointment?
2 Everyone knows you are not allowed to smoke on domestic flights, ban
knowledge that there is a ban
It is common ............................................................................................ on domestic flights.
3 He knew nothing of his wife's impending promotion, about
did he know that his wife was about to
Little................................................................................................... to be promoted.
4 He can't possibly have said anything like that, heard
must have misheard what he said
You really ................................................................................................. completely
5 All this media attention is quite unusual for a contemporary painting, receive
Seldom ...................................................................................... much media attention.
6 Brian was offended when the teacher accused him of being disruptive, being
Brian took........................................................................................... disrupting the lesson.
7.Research scientists are having to carry out too many administrative tasks.required
Research scientists are ………………………………………………………..much of an administrative role.
8.He's done something very brave that most men wouldn't be capable of doing. Takes
It ……………………………………………………….. what he did.
9.You'll never believe how marvellous the Great Pyramid is unless you see it. seen
The Great Pyramid has........................................... believed!
10.Grant's tutor told him he had too many scientific terms in his presentation. cut
Grant's tutor told him ……………………………………………of scientific terms in his presentation.

7
Part 2: Table description

The table and chart below show information on the postgraduate programmes at Arlington University. Write
a report to the administration of the university describing the information. You should write at least 150
words .

Proportions of students at Arlington University who completed, failed, or rewrote their postgraduate
dissertations, as % of total

1990 2000 2010

Completed 85,2 87,6 90,1
Rewrote 6,8 6,2 5,4
Failed 8 6,2 4,5

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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PRACTICE TEST 3
LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the word or phrase that best complete each sentence.
2. For many young people, driving cars at high speed seems to_____a rather fatal fascination.
A. contain B. comprise C. weave D. hold
3. This dog has been maltreated but I find it very __________ to kindness.
A. answerable B. responsible C. reactive D. responsive
4. It is physically impossible for any human being to _____________ such extreme cold for long.
A. persist B. withhold C. endure D. last
5. How could I have allowed myself to be _________ by his lies?
A. fallen for B. taken in C. tricked into D. seen through
6. He didn't have a__________ of evidence to support his claims.
A. sign B. scrap C. sense D. state
7. My watch seems to be __________ several minutes a day.
A. forwarding B. gaining C. progressing D. moving on
8. There are still, however, rather a lot of obstacles to __________ .
A. overcome B. come over C. solve D. resolve
10. Unfortunately our local cinema in on the of closing down.
A. verge B. danger C. edge D. threat
11. It is his versatility that ____________ him apart from other actors of his generation.
A. puts B. makes C. sends O. sets
10. Terry is an old ____________ of mine. We split up nine years ago but we've stayed friends.
A. fire B. spark C. flame D, blaze
11. You should bear in mind that children of tender years are notoriously
A. impressive B. impervious C. impersonal D. impressionable
12. When she looked in her purse, Janet found she had been ____________ .
A. broken into B. stolen C. robbed D. thieved
13. The charity felt that they had to help the old man, who had no visible _____________of support.
A. resources B. means C. methods D. ways
14. Relief workers______hundreds of crates of second-hand clothing which had been donated.
A. unpacked B. revealed C. unwrapped D. unveiled
15.Van Gogh suffered from depression ____________ by overwork and ill-health.
A. brought on B. coming about C. taken up D. pull through
16. It is often said that having rich parents is a_________rather than a help
A. handicap B. regret C. failure D. penalty
17.It's only a small flat but it____________ my needs perfectly.
A. settles B. meets C. supplies D. fills
18.No wonder she's coughing - she smokes like a _____________
A. chimney B. fire C. cigarette D. pipe
19.A whole host of criticisms have been leveled _______ the committee.
A. against B. towards C. by D. for
20.______ your child's hunger for knowledge with this CD-ROM version of our encyclopaedia.
A. Satisfy B. Quench C. Fulfill D. Meet

Part 2: There are 10 mistakes in the following passage. Underline them and give the correct forms.
Almost 200 years ago, a young German chemist named Friedrich Ferdinand Runge isolated a
molecule of/ from coffee beans; he named the substance as / 0 kaffein. Today, scientists are still studying
the properties of this bitter, white powder. More than sixty plants are known to produce caffeine, whose
pungent taste helps prevent/ protect them from insect predators.
Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine
for hundreds of years, primarily in the way/ form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Today, it is also added to soft
drinks and energy drinks and is a component of some under/ over-the-counter medications. Many of the
world's people, including children, ingest it in some form daily.
The body absorbs caffeine in less than an hour, and it remains in the system for only a few hours,
passing from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream within about ten minutes and circulating to other

9
organs, including the brain. Caffeine molecules are small and soluble in fat, properties and/ that allow them
to pass through a protective shield known as the blood-brain barrier and directly target the central nervous
system. Caffeine acts on the body in many ways, some of them/ which probably are still unknown.
However, caffeine accomplishes its principle/ principal action as a stimulant by inhibiting adenosine, a
chemical that binds to receptors on nerve cells and slows down their activity. Caffeine binds to the same
receptors, robbing adenosine of the ability to do its job and leaving caffeine free to stimulate nerve cells,
which in turn release epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), a hormone that increases heart rate and blood
pressure, supplying/ supplies an energy boost, and in general makes people feel good.

Part 3: Read the text and give the correct form of the given words to fill in the blanks
Introduction to Mexico's long history
Mexico has a long and (0) FASCINATE ……………………. history. For some people, Mexico is
synonymous with the Aztecs, who dominated the country from the fourteenth century until they declined in
the sixteenth, as a result of (1) CONQUER ……………………. by the Spanish, and disease. But before the
arrival of Europeans, a number of (2) CIVILISE ……………………. existed in different parts of Mexico,
going back at least to the Olmecs. The Olmecs are virtually (3) KNOW ……………………. now, but they
flourished for over a millennium, from around 1500 BC.

Mexico from the Olmecs to the Aztecs, by Michael D. Coe and Rex Koontz, s an excellent introduction to
the period, and a very (4) INSTRUCT……………………. guide to these early (5) INHABIT
……………………. The authors draw on numerous recent (6) DISCOVER ……………………., and
discuss topics ranging from the beginnings of agriculture and writing to (7) RISE …………………….
against the ruling elite. Of particular interest is the authors' discussion of recent developments in radiocarbon
dating. The (8) IMPLY ……………………. of these are likely to transform our understanding of the
timescale of the region.

READING
Part 1:You are going to read a text . Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Applying for your first job?

Getting a job is (0)…………………important to leave to chance; (1)……………. all, work is likely to play
a significant role in your life for many years. So before sending in any applications, think hard about (2)
........................... would really suit you.
Concentrate on jobs for (3) ..................................................... you have an aptitude - (4)…………… can be
very demoralising to have your application turned down. Ideally, your job should be not only one you can
do well, (5) ................... also one that makes you look forward to going to work every morning.
It’s important to consider the culture of the organisations you're applying (6)………………….Some
companies are (7)……… obsessed with results and profits that employees are under stress all the time. You
need to be clear in your own mind (8)……………………. or not you could work in an environment like that
Making an effort in the early stages of applying for a job will almost certainly pay off in the long run.

Part 2: Read the passage and choose the best words to fill in the blanks
The lightest materials in the world

Aerogels are the lightest solid materials in (0)…Invented in 1931, they are gels (like hair gel) in which gas
has been (1)…….for the liquid. They have unique (2)……that have still to be exploited to the (3)………..
Aerogels can be rigid - making them suitable for windows - or flexible; the latter type could be used for
blankets and outdoor clothes. As well as being extremely lightweight - air can (4)……..as much as 99.8% of
the material- aerogels are remarkably effective as insulators: a flower placed on a piece of aerogel held over
the flame of a Bunsen burner will be (5)…..by the heat.
This means that aerogels have considerable (6)……..for use in the building and construction (7)…….,
instead of conventional insulation. However, production costs are very high, so even though it is the best
insulator we have , its use is currently limited, mostly to drilling operations and other (8)……..
environments.
1 A substituted B replaced C changed D relieved

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2 A possessions B belongings C contents D properties
3 A total B full C extent D entirety
4 A put in B make up C fill in D build up
5 A unaffected B unconcerned C uninfluenced D unimpressed
6 A possibility B ability C potential D capacity
7 A category B division C sector D region
8 A extreme B intense C excessive D immoderate

They may be (0) extinction in India, China and Siberia, but in the US, tigers have found a new lease of
life - after a fashion. More than 12,000 are kept as pets – double the number thought to exist in the wild. The
craze persists (-1)……… concern among politicians and animal welfare groups. Various reputable
organisations promote ownership of endangered species. Prices are not particularly (2)………….: $1,000for
a generic cub, $3,500 for a pair of Bengal tigers.
The private trade originated in zoos. Tiger cubs (3)………….so popular with the public that zoos started
breeding more than they needed and sold the (4)………….to private breeders. The US Endangered Species
Act of 1973 outlaws the taking of endangered animals from the wild, but does not (5)……….. what happens
to the offspring of animals captured before the law was (6)…………
Many owners believe they are saving an endangered species. But their cubs have no (7)…………. among
wild tigers. They are a mixture of, (8)……………Sumatran, Siberian and Bengal tigers, which would not
survive in the wild.

0A facing B reaching C getting D meeting

1A in contrast to B nevertheless C in spite of D whereas

2A forbidding B prohibitive C impossible D restraining

3A occurred B demonstrated C established D proved

4A surplus B balance C residue D leftovers

5A rule B conduct C systematise D regulate

6A sentenced B issued C passed D stated

7A equivalent B similarity C substitute D correspondent

8A imagine B say C suppose D take

Part 3: You are going to read an article about Esperanto. Choose the answer which you think fits best
according to the text.
Birdlife, by Glenda Hurst, reviewed by Carl Truman
Birds are present in our lives in so many ways - as pets, as part of many people's diet, even as a
source of inspiration that Glenda Hurst's Birdlife is, in some respects, a welcome miscellany of fact and
fiction. Her previous book, Gold, was a best-seller, and Hurst has, understandably, chosen to repeat a
winning formula. In that book, each chapter focused on a different aspect of the metal, from its financial use
to edible gold leaf, but the apparently random order of chapters meant Gold lacked continuity: there was no
sense of the author presenting a case and leading us through the steps of her argument. While each chapter
was interesting enough in itself, overall the book seemed lightweight, a series of magazine articles.
Nevertheless, Gold sold in large numbers, and I see no reason why Birdlife should not repeat that success.
Birds have played a role in myths for millennia, from ancient China to Egypt to Central America, and birds
are often used as symbols: the dove to represent peace, the eagle for power and so on. In her chapter on
mythology, Hurst takes the reader on a world tour at breakneck speed, but the lack of comparison and cross-
referencing means that readers are often left to their own devices if they wish to interpret the information or
identify similarities between cultures. Furthermore, this approach means that a fair amount of potentially
tedious repetition is unavoidable. There is a great deal of detail and not enough synthesis, leaving the reader

11
wondering what point, if any, is being made.
I enjoyed the chapter on birds working with human beings. It gives the familiar example of taking
canaries into mines so that if methane or carbon dioxide is present, its effect on the bird gives the miners
early warning of danger. However, I suspect I am not alone in being unfamiliar with the East African
honeyguide, a wild bird which leads people to bee colonies. The men searching for honeycomb make
specific noises, and when the honeyguide hears them, it replies, with a particular call that it restricts to that
one situation. The people smoke out the bees and take the honeycomb, leaving a little as a reward for the
bird - which in this way avoids having to tackle the bees itself. This is thought to be the only instance of
birds in the wild deliberately communicating with human beings to the advantage of both parties.
An area that has seen a great deal of research in recent years is bird migration, a phenomenon that
used to be totally misunderstood: a couple of centuries ago, it was thought that birds that disappeared for the
winter were hiding in mud. We now know a great deal about migration. The Arctic tern, for instance, breeds
in the Arctic, flies south to the Antarctic in August or September, arriving back in May or June - a round trip
of over 70,000 kilometres. And the bird appeared be determined to reach its destination: even if fish are
being caught below it, and birds that are not migrating dive down to steal some, the Arctic tern cannot be
deflected from its journey. Although the Arctic tern holds the record, feats on this scale are far from rare.
Birdlife ends with a short epilogue in which Hurst lays out her vision of an ideal future: restoring
habitats that have been transformed by drainage or by grubbing up hedges, in both cases to improve
agriculture; from the birds' point of view their habitat is damaged or even destroyed. It is here that Hurst
reveals her true colours, as food production comes a poor second to protecting an environment in which
birds can thrive. Reverting to the farming methods of the past is a forlorn hope, however: she can hardly
expect us to sacrifice the enormous increase in agricultural output that we have achieved, when even that is
not enough to feed the world's population
While Birdlife has little to say to serious ornithologists, professional or amateur, if picked up in an airport
bookshop or given as a present, it might well broaden the horizons of others.Part 4: You are going to read an
extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the
paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap .There is one extra paragraph which do not need to use.
1The reviewer mentions Gold in order to
A. emphasise the wide range of topics that Hurst covers in each book.
B. explain what he sees as a weakness in Hurst's approach.
C. support his opinion that Birdlife deserves to be very popular.
D. express his disappointment with Birdlife in comparison with Gold.
2The reviewer suggests that in the chapter on birds in mythology, Hurst
A. misses opportunities to draw conclusions from the information she presents.
B. misunderstands the significance of some of the myths that she mentions.
C. uses repetition rather than discussion to support her interpretations.
D. tries to cover too wide a range of cultures.
3The reviewer refers to the honeyguide to suggest that birds
A. and human beings can co-operate to their mutual benefit.
B can be trained to assist human beings.
'C. could be exploited by human beings to a greater extent.
D.are not as useful to human beings as is sometimes claimed.
4The phrase 'feats on this scale' refers to the ability of some birds to
A avoid getting distracted.
B survive without eating.
C live in cold climates.
D fly long distances.
5What does the reviewer say about the epilogue?
A It overestimates the damage done to birds by changes in agriculture.
B It reveals Hurst's lack of understanding of certain subjects.
C It is unlikely to have the effect that Hurst would like.
D It convinced him that Hurst's concern for birds is justified.
6In. the text as a whole, the reviewer gives the impression of thinking that Birdlife
A reveals how much more there is to discover about its subject.
B is readable without providing new insights into the subject.
C provides a clear overview of a subject with many facets.

12
D is unusual in bringing together diverse aspects of the subject.
Part 4: You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed
from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap .There is one extra
paragraph which do not need to use.

Is work changing?

Cromford Mill, in the north of .England, is now a museum, but when it was constructed in 1771, it was the
site of one of the most influential workplace experiments ever seen. This was where textile entrepreneur
Richard Arkwright set up shop. Cotton-spinning had been a cottage industry, but at Cromford Mill, spinners
from all around came together to use machines provided by Arkwright. It was the world's first factory, and it
was soon followed by many more.

41
There are good reasons why the model has flourished. Centralising production allowed for dramatically
greater efficiency. And bosses - then as now suspicious that workers were not always working hard - could
keep an eye on them.
42
Two of the biggest forces changing work and the nature of the company are technology and demographic
shifts. Unskilled work still exists, as does highly skilled work, but the jobs in the middle have to a large
extent been automated or outsourced away. Furthermore, technology has made the move to an economy
based on knowledge, not skills, possible.
43
As a result of such changes, many of the old certainties are breaking down. You often hear it said that people
used to work for money - very much a hangover from the Industrial Revolution, when work was viewed as a
straight trade of time for money - but now it's claimed that we are more interested in having rewarding work.
44
In other words, what we mean by the workplace. is changing - it's no longer always a grand (or otherwise)
building with the company's name on top. Increasingly, we can work anywhere - in a coffee shop or at the
kitchen table. The demand that employees work in more flexible ways is encouraging this trend, with
workers (especially! younger generations) no longer expecting to be chained to a desk from nine to five
every day.
45
In a world of decentralised, non-hierarchical organisatio permanent full-time employment could become tl,
exception. So will the firm of the future be made up of looc groupings of self-employed people, forming and
re-formir on a project-by-project basis? Will workers effectively their own chief executives, using
technology to sell skills to the highest bidder and with little attachment t place of work, each other or the
firms that employ th It's tempting to think so, but reality is starting to int with this picture.

There is one particular reason why tomorrow might out to be not so different from today: human nature. We
social creatures and tend to be at our best in groups than operating alone. Work is where we bond, g fight,
love and hate - in short, it's where we live.
So the prospects for at least some of the familiar a of the old Arkwrightian corporate model may not quite so
bleak as painted. Yes, things are changing, the advocates of the brave new, networked world remember that
work is not the only - or, arguably, even most important - thing we do when we are at work.

A. In addition, we are all living longer and working for longer. In fact, in some' countries there are now
reckoned to be four or even five distinct generations making up the workforce.

B. For firms, this can seem a no-brainer - they save money on expensive office space while giving their
employees a valuable and appreciated perk. It can be tough to implement, though video conferencing and
private networks have improved things greatly.

C. But times are changing, and the pace and uncertainty of the modern world demand more flexibility
and responsiveness than hierarchies like this can provide. Organisational structures need to be based on
serving the customer rather than preserving the rank and status of managers.

13
D. This is true up to a point, but perhaps more significant is the erosion of the boundary between work
and other parts of life - education, leisure, play; between me-in-work and me-in-my-own-time.
E. Above all, this format is popular because it works. Or rather, it worked, as, after over 200 years,
some observers reckon that the end of employment as we have known it may be near. Are they right?

F. Of course, we are living in a time of disruption, change and novelty, but the fact is that there are also
strong continuities with the past. As a result, that unstructured form of work may remain a dream.

G. This groundbreaking idea has become the norm for millions of us to this day, whether we are
architects or economists, agronomists or oculists, because modern offices are based on exactly the same
principles. They are places where you go in order to work for specific hours, using facilities and equipment
provided by your employer to do a job, for a wage.

Part 5: You are going to read an article about human behaviour. For questions 1-10, choose from the
sections (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which section mentions...

11. a strong reaction to news of the writer's research?
12. one animal showing jealousy?
13. an animal thinking of the consequences of their actions?
14. any unfairness provoking a strong and selfish reaction?
15. the animal behaviour shown not going as far as equivalent human behaviour?
16. a sense of injustice from people having to cope with adverse conditions?
17. an explanation for" the irrational sense of unfairness that humans or animals may show?
18. an animal's feeling of injustice leading to irrational behaviour?
19. unfairness among humans being perceived by those who are less well off?
20. examples of both humans and animals behaving with fairness?

It's not fair!

Do animals share our sense of unfairness over displays of greed?

E. How often have you seen rich people take to the streets, shouting that they're earning too much?
Protesters are typically blue-collar workers yelling that the minimum wage has to go up, or that their
jobs shouldn't go overseas. Concern about fairness is always asymmetrical, stronger in the poor than
the rich. And the underlying emotions aren't as lofty as the ideal itself. Children become thoroughly
indignant at the slightest discrepancy in, say, the size of their slice of pizza compared to their
sibling's. Their shouts of 'That's not fair!' never transcend their own desires. We're all for fair play so
long as it helps us. There's an old story about this, in which the owner of a vineyard rounds up
labourers at different times of day. Early in the morning he went out to find labourers, offering each
1 denarius. But he offered the same to those hired later in the day. The workers hired first thing in the
morning expected to get more since they had worked through the heat of the day, yet the owner
didn't feel he owed them any more than he'd originally promised.

F. That this sense of unfairness may turn out to be quite ancient in evolutionary terms as well became
clear when graduate student Sarah Brosnan and I discovered it in monkeys. When testing pairs of
capuchin monkeys, we noticed how much they disliked seeing their partner get a better deal. We
would offer a pebble to one of the pair and then hold out a hand so that the monkey could give it
back in exchange for a cucumber slice. Alternating between them, both monkeys would happily
barter 25 times in a row. The atmosphere turned sour, however, as soon as we introduced inequality.
One monkey would still receive cucumber, while its partner now enjoyed grapes, a favourite food
with monkeys. While that monkey had no problem, the one still working for cucumber would lose
interest. Worse, seeing its partner with juicy grapes, this monkey would get agitated, hurl the pebbles
out of the test chamber, sometimes even those measly cucumber slices. A food normally devoured
with gusto had become distasteful

14
 G. There is a similarity here with the way we reject an unfair share of money. Where do such reactions
come from? They probably evolved in the service of cooperation. Caring about what others get may
seem petty and irrational, but in the long run it keeps one from being taken advantage of. Had we
merely mentioned emotions, such as resentment or envy, our findings might have gone unnoticed.
Now we drew the interest of philosophers, anthropologists and economists, who almost choked on
the monkey comparison. As it happened, our study came out at the very time that there was a public
outcry about the multimillion dollar pay packages that are occasionally given out on Wall Street and
elsewhere. Commentators couldn't resist contrasting human society with our monkeys, suggesting
that we could learn a thing or two from them.

H. Our monkeys have not reached the point at which their sense of fairness stretches beyond
egocentric interests - for example, the one who gets the grape never levels the outcome by giving
it to the other — but in cooperative human societies, such as those in which men hunt large game,
anthropologists have found great sensitivity to equal distribution. Sometimes, successful hunters
aren't even allowed to carve up their own kill to prevent them from favouring their family. These
cultures are keenly aware of the risk that inequity poses to the social fabric of their society. Apes,
as opposed to monkeys, may have an inkling of this connection. High-ranking male chimpanzees,
for example, sometimes break up fights over food without taking any for themselves. During
tests, a female received large amounts of milk and raisins, but noticed her friends watching her
from a short distance. After a while, she refused all rewards. Looking at the experimenter, she
kept gesturing to the others, until they were given a share of the goodies. She was doing the smart
thing. Apes think ahead, and if she had eaten her fill right in front of the rest, there might have
been repercussions when she rejoined them later in the day.

WRITING
Part 1 Rewrite the following sentences as directed without changing their meaning.
1.Do you mind if I don't come back to the office after I've been to the dentist at lunchtime? afternoon
Would you have any…………………………………………. off after my dental appointment?
3 Everyone knows you are not allowed to smoke on domestic flights, ban
It is common ............................................................................................ on domestic flights.
4 He knew nothing of his wife's impending promotion, about
Little................................................................................................... to be promoted.
5 He can't possibly have said anything like that, sheard
You really ................................................................................................. completely
6 All this media attention is quite unusual for a contemporary painting, receive
Seldom ...................................................................................... much media attention.
7 Brian was offended when the teacher accused him of being disruptive, being
Brian took........................................................................................... disrupting the lesson.
7.Research scientists are having to carry out too many administrative tasks.required
Research scientists are ………………………………………………………..much of an administrative role.
8.He's done something very brave that most men wouldn't be capable of doing. Takes
It ……………………………………………………….. what he did.
9.You'll never believe how marvellous the Great Pyramid is unless you see it. seen
The Great Pyramid has........................................... believed!
10.Grant's tutor told him he had too many scientific terms in his presentation. cut
Grant's tutor told him ……………………………………………of scientific terms in his presentation.

Part 2: Table description

The table and chart below show information on the postgraduate programmes at Arlington University. Write
a report to the administration of the university describing the information. You should write at least 150
words .

15
Proportions of students at Arlington University who completed, failed, or rewrote their postgraduate
dissertations, as % of total

1990 2000 2010

Completed 85,2 87,6 90,1
Rewrote 6,8 6,2 5,4
Failed 8 6,2 4,5

16