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AD9833: A versatile easy to use
signal generator on a chip
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AD9833: A Versatile Easy to Use Signal
Generator on a Chip. Find out how to use it to
generate Sine, Square and Triangle waves at
0.1Hz resolution from 0.1Hz to 12.5MHz
The AD9833 is a Direct Digital Synthesizer that can generate sine,
square or triangle waves and is controlled using the SPI protocol.
• Generate synthesized sine, triangle or square waves.
• Outputs 0.1Hz to 12.5MHz in 0.1Hz resolution steps.
• Use the SPI interface for easy connection to a microcontroller.
• Works from 2.3V to 5.5V.
• Generates a 600mV output.
• Some breakout boards have an amplifier for 0 ~ 5V output with a
digital POT for PGA (Programmable Gain Control).
A few years ago you would have to pay a lot of money for a DDS
now you can get one for $10! Amazing - this thing can generate
signals at 0.1Hz resolution and works up to 12.5MHz.
Note: If you want to get complex you can make it perform coding
schemes such as FSK, GMSK and QPSK. Here we''ll just keep it
simple!
Since the device is in a MSOP package the easiest way to use it is
by getting yourself a breakout board. You can buy two types, one
comes with an opamp buffer chip and digital attenuator for
adjusting the output level.
AD9833 Breakout Board
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The right hand side output is direct from the DDS (labelled Vout)
whereas the left side has the output going through the pot and the
amplifier (labelled PGA Programmable gain Amplifer).
AD9833 Specification
Parameter AD9833
Voltage Supply (Vs) 2V3 ~ 5V5
Abs. Max VDD -0V3 ~ 6V0
Output (Vpp) 600mV
Outputs Square, Sine, Triangle.
Max output frequency 12.5MHz
Resolution 0.1Hz
Interface SPI
SPI rate (MHz) 25
Active current (typ, max) 4.5mA / 5.5mA
Standby mode 500uA
Resolution 10bit
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INL (Integral Nonlinarity) ±1.0LSB
DNL (Differential Nonlinarity) ±0.5LSB
Operating temperature -40°C ~ 105°C
AD9833 Datasheet
This is the Direct Digital Synthesis chip Datasheet (click to open in
new window).
AD9833 Breakout Board
The reason that the opamp is needed is that the output of the
AD9833 is about 600mV. The opamp amplifies the signal by 5 to
give a 3V output. Using the digital pot allows you to reduce this
output to a level you need.
Block Diagram
One interesting point in the diagram above is that there are two
frequency registers FREQ0 and FREQ1 and you can select
between them using a mux. This means frequency shift keying is
easy i.e. change frequency between two stored frequencies
without re-loading a frequency register, so it is fast. The same is
true of phase.
Breakout Board Components
Components on the board are:
Component Description
AD9833 DDS chip
MCP41010 Digital Potentiometer
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H2A AD8051 (see below)
The component that is difficult to identify (before I had located a
schematic - below!), is the one marked H2A on the SOT23-5
package. This is an output buffer configured as an inverting op
amp and is probably the AD8051 - a very high speed (300MHz 3dB
bandwidth) rail-to-rail opamp.
Here is the module schematic diagram:
[Source:(https://www.handsontec.com/dataspecs/module/
Module%20Collection.pdf).]
Breakout Module connector
module Description Arduino pin
pin
CS SPI Chip select to MCP41010 CS, 9 - Orange
DAT SPI MOSI to AD9833 and MOSI, 11 -
MCP41010 Blue
CLK SPI Clock to AD9833 and CLK, 13, -
MCP41010 White
FSY SPI Chip select for AD9833 CS, 10, - Yellow
GND 0V GND, - Green
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VCC 3V ~ 5V VCC, - Red
Arduino Library
You can find library installation details are here.
Library for the AD9833
Install the library named MD_AD9833
Use the library manager, searching for AD9833.
Library for MCP41010
Install the library named Ardumax MCP41xxx
Use the library manager, searching for MCP41.
Circuit Connections
For the AD9833 make the following connections from an Arduino
Uno to the breakout board:
DAT 11 /// SPI Data pin number
CLK 13 /// SPI Clock pin number
FSY 10 /// chip select (FSYNC in AD9833 usage)
Additionally for the MCP41010 make the following connection:
CS 9 /// chip select for MCP41010
AD9833 Sketch
The following sketch allows you to test the AD9833 by entering
commands into the serial monitor.
AD9833 Testing
For help type '?' into the send box in the Arduino Serial Monitor.
Typing the following commands outputs a 1kHz waveform to Vout
:f11000;
:ost; // triangle wave
:oss; // sine wave
:osq; // square wave
Now output a 10MHz waveform
:f110000000; // 10MHz
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MD_AD9833.h>
// Pins for SPI comm with the AD9833 IC
#define DATA 11 ///< SPI Data pin number
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#define CLK 13 ///< SPI Clock pin number
#define FSYNC 10 ///< SPI Load pin number (FSYNC
in AD9833 usage)
#define CS_DIGIPOT 9 // MCP41010 chip select - digital
potentiometer.
MD_AD9833 AD(FSYNC); // Hardware SPI
//MD_AD9833 AD(DATA, CLK, FSYNC); // Arbitrary SPI
pins
// Character constants for commands
const char CMD_HELP = '?';
const char BLANK = ' ';
const char PACKET_START = ':';
const char PACKET_END = ';';
const char CMD_FREQ = 'F';
const char CMD_PHASE = 'P';
const char CMD_OUTPUT = 'O';
const char OPT_FREQ = 'F';
const char OPT_PHASE = 'P';
const char OPT_SIGNAL = 'S';
const char OPT_1 = '1';
const char OPT_2 = '2';
const char OPT_MODULATE = 'M';
const uint8_t PACKET_SIZE = 20;
void setup()
{
pinMode(CS_DIGIPOT,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(57600);
AD.begin();
usage();
// take the CS pin low to select the chip:
digitalWrite(CS_DIGIPOT,LOW);
// send in the address and value via SPI:
SPI.transfer(B00010001);
// write out the value
SPI.transfer(127);
// take the CS pin high to de-select the chip:
digitalWrite(CS_DIGIPOT,HIGH);
}
void usage(void)
{
Serial.print(F("\n\n[MD_AD9833_Tester]"));
Serial.print(F("\n?\thelp - this message"));
Serial.print(F("\n\n:<cmd><opt> <param>;"));
Serial.print(F("\n:f1n;\tset frequency 1 to n Hz"));
Serial.print(F("\n:f2n;\tset frequency 2 to n Hz"));
Serial.print(F("\n:fmn;\tset frequency modulation to
n Hz"));
Serial.print(F("\n:p1n;\tset phase 1 to n in tenths of
a degree (1201 is 120.1 deg)"));
Serial.print(F("\n:p2n;\tset phase 2 to n in tenths of
a degree (1201 is 120.1 deg)"));
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Serial.print(F("\n:ofn;\toutput frequency n or
modulation [n=1/2/m]"));
Serial.print(F("\n:opn;\toutput phase n or modulation
[n=1/2/m]"));
Serial.print(F("\n:osn;\toutput signal type n
[n=(o)ff/(s)ine/(t)riangle/s(q)uare]"));
}
uint8_t htoi(char c)
{
c = toupper(c);
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
return(c - '0');
else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
return(c - 'A' + 10);
else
return(0);
}
char nextChar(void)
// Read the next character from the serial input stream
// Blocking wait
{
while (!Serial.available())
; /* do nothing */
return(toupper(Serial.read()));
}
char *readPacket(void)
// read a packet and return the
{
static enum { S_IDLE, S_READ_CMD, S_READ_MOD,
S_READ_PKT } state = S_IDLE;
static char cBuf[PACKET_SIZE + 1];
static char *cp;
char c;
switch (state)
{
case S_IDLE: // waiting for packet start
c = nextChar();
if (c == CMD_HELP)
{
usage();
break;
}
if (c == PACKET_START)
{
cp = cBuf;
state = S_READ_CMD;
}
break;
case S_READ_CMD: // waiting for command char
c = nextChar();
if (c == CMD_FREQ || c == CMD_PHASE || c ==
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CMD_OUTPUT)
{
*cp++ = c;
state = S_READ_MOD;
}
else
state = S_IDLE;
break;
case S_READ_MOD: // Waiting for command modifier
c = nextChar();
if (c == OPT_FREQ || c == OPT_PHASE || c ==
OPT_SIGNAL ||
c == OPT_1 || c == OPT_2 || c == OPT_MODULATE)
{
*cp++ = c;
state = S_READ_PKT;
}
else
state = S_IDLE;
break;
case S_READ_PKT: // Reading parameter until packet end
c = nextChar();
if (c == PACKET_END)
{
*cp = '\0';
state = S_IDLE;
return(cBuf);
}
*cp++ = c;
break;
default:
state = S_IDLE;
break;
}
return(NULL);
}
void processPacket(char *cp)
// Assume we have a correctly formed packet from the
parsing in readPacket()
{
uint32_t ul;
MD_AD9833::channel_t chan;
MD_AD9833::mode_t mode;
switch (*cp++)
{
case CMD_FREQ:
switch (*cp++)
{
case OPT_1: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_0; break;
case OPT_2: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_1; break;
case OPT_MODULATE: /* do something in future */
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break;
}
ul = strtoul(cp, NULL, 10);
AD.setFrequency(chan, ul);
break;
case CMD_PHASE:
switch (*cp++)
{
case OPT_1: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_0; break;
case OPT_2: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_1; break;
}
ul = strtoul(cp, NULL, 10);
AD.setPhase(chan, (uint16_t)ul);
break;
case CMD_OUTPUT:
switch (*cp++)
{
case OPT_FREQ:
switch (*cp)
{
case OPT_1: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_0; break;
case OPT_2: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_1; break;
case OPT_MODULATE: /* do something in future */
break;
}
AD.setActiveFrequency(chan);
break;
case OPT_PHASE:
switch (*cp)
{
case OPT_1: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_0; break;
case OPT_2: chan = MD_AD9833::CHAN_1; break;
case OPT_MODULATE: /* do something in future */
break;
}
AD.setActivePhase(chan);
break;
case OPT_SIGNAL:
switch (*cp)
{
case 'O': mode = MD_AD9833::MODE_OFF; break;
case 'S': mode = MD_AD9833::MODE_SINE; break;
case 'T': mode = MD_AD9833::MODE_TRIANGLE; break;
case 'Q': mode = MD_AD9833::MODE_SQUARE1; break;
}
AD.setMode(mode);
break;
}
break;
}
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return;
}
void loop()
{
char *cp;
if ((cp = readPacket()) != NULL)
processPacket(cp);
}
Output Oscilloscope Images
1kHz Sinewave at Vout
Settings 100mV/div, 0.2ms/div : 1/(0.2ms*4.8) = 1041Hz (scope
accuracy).
1kHz Triangle wave at Vout
Settings 100mV/div, 0.2ms/div : 1/(0.2ms*4.8) = 1041Hz (scope
accuracy).
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1kHz Square wave at Vout
Settings 1V/div, 0.2ms/div : 1/(0.2ms*4.8) = 1041Hz (scope
accuracy).
Note: The square wave output has far greater amplitude than the
other signals - about 4.4V.
Example of Sweep generation
This code sweeps from 1MHz to 3MHz in 2 seconds.
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MD_AD9833.h>
// Pins for SPI comm with the AD9833 IC
#define DATA 11 ///< SPI Data pin number
#define CLK 13 ///< SPI Clock pin number
#define FSYNC 10 ///< SPI Load pin number (FSYNC in
AD9833 usage)
#define CS_DIGIPOT 9 // MCP41010 chip select - digital
potentiometer.
MD_AD9833 AD(FSYNC); // Hardware SPI
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void setup() {
AD.begin();
}
void loop() {
unsigned long f;
for( f = 1000000UL; f<3000000UL; f+=10000UL) {
delay(10);
AD.setFrequency(MD_AD9833::CHAN_0, f);
}
}
Breakout board IC Pinouts
AD9833 pinout
This is available in 10 lead MSOP i.e. surface mount only.
MCP41010 pinout
On the board a surface mount SOIC is used but you can also get it
in PDIP.
Note: The part is specified as MCP41xxx, where when xxx=010 it
is a 10k pot and when xxx=100 it is a 100k pot.
AD8051 pinout
This comes in many different packages but this is the SOT23-5 one
i.e. very small. The one on the breakout board is marked H2A on
the top.
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IC Datasheets
Either right click the following links and use save-as to save the
pdf to your hard disk, or click to open in a new browser window.
AD9833 Datasheet
This is the Direct Digital Synthesis chip Datasheet (click to open in
new window).
AD8051 Datasheet
This is the 300MHz rail to-rail opamp Datasheet (click to open in
new window)
MCP41010 Datasheet
This is the 256 tap digital pot. Datasheet (click to open in new
window).
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