1.

Write a java Program using Multiple Constructors

class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String city;

// Constructor 1: No arguments
public Person() {
this.name = "Unknown";
this.age = 0;
this.city = "Not specified";
}

// Constructor 2: Name only

public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.age = 0;
this.city = "Not specified";
}

// Constructor 3: Name and age

public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.city = "Not specified";
}

// Constructor 4: Name, age, and city

public Person(String name, int age, String city) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.city = city;
}

// Method to display information

public void displayInfo() {
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("City: " + city);
}
 public static void main(String[] args) {
// Using Constructor 1
Person person1 = new Person();
person1.displayInfo();

System.out.println();

// Using Constructor 2
Person person2 = new Person("M.RANJITH");
person2.displayInfo();

System.out.println();

// Using Constructor 3
Person person3 = new Person("R.NIRANJANA", 03);
person3.displayInfo();

System.out.println();

// Using Constructor 4
Person person4 = new Person("R.VAIJU", 30, "TENKASI");
person4.displayInfo();
}
}
OUTPUT:
D:\Ranjith>javac Person.java
D:\Ranjith>java Person.

Name: Unknown
Age: 0
City: Not specified

Name: M.RANJITH
Age: 0
City: Not specified

Name: R.NIRANJANA
Age: 3
City: Not specified

Name: R.VAIJU
Age: 30
City: TENKASI

2.Write a java Program

class Calculator {

// Method to add two integers

int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

// Method to add three integers

int add(int a, int b, int c) {
return a + b + c;
}

// Method to add two double values

double add(double a, double b) {
return a + b;
}

// Method to concatenate two strings

String add(String a, String b) {
return a + b;
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calculator = new Calculator();

// Calling overloaded methods

System.out.println("Addition of two integers: " + calculator.add(5, 10));
System.out.println("Addition of three integers: " + calculator.add(5, 10, 15));
System.out.println("Addition of two doubles: " + calculator.add(5.5, 4.5));
System.out.println("Concatenation of two strings: " + calculator.add("Hello", " World"));
}
}
Output:
D:\Ranjith>javac Main.java
D:\Ranjith>java Main
Addition of two integers: 15
Addition of three integers: 30
Addition of two doubles: 10.0
Concatenation of two strings: Hello World
3.overriding

// Superclass
class Animal {
// Method to be overridden
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animals make different sounds");
}
}

// Subclass 1
class Dog extends Animal {
// Overriding the sound method
@Override
void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks: Woof Woof");
}
}

// Subclass 2
class Cat extends Animal {
// Overriding the sound method
@Override
void sound() {
System.out.println("Cat meows: Meow Meow");
}
}

public class Main1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create objects of Animal, Dog, and Cat
Animal genericAnimal = new Animal();
Animal dog = new Dog();
Animal cat = new Cat();
 // Call the overridden methods
genericAnimal.sound(); // Calls Animal's sound method
dog.sound(); // Calls Dog's overridden sound method
cat.sound(); // Calls Cat's overridden sound method
}
}
Output:
D:\Ranjith>javac Main1.java
D:\Ranjith>java Main1
Animals make different sounds
Dog barks: Woof Woof
Cat meows: Meow Meow

4. Write a java program using one-dimensional arrays

public class ArrayExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare and initialize a one-dimensional array of integers
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

// Print the elements of the array using a loop

System.out.println("Elements of the array:");
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Element at index " + i + ": " + numbers[i]);
}

// Find the sum of the elements in the array

int sum = 0;
for (int num : numbers) {
sum += num;
}

// Print the sum

System.out.println("Sum of the array elements: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
D:\Ranjith>javac ArrayExample.java

D:\Ranjith>java ArrayExample
Elements of the array:
Element at index 0: 10
Element at index 1: 20
Element at index 2: 30
Element at index 3: 40
Element at index 4: 50
Sum of the array elements: 150

5. Write a java program using Two-dimensional arrays

public class TwoDimensionalArrayExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare a 2D array with 3 rows and 4 columns
int[][] array = {
{1, 2, 3, 4},
{5, 6, 7, 8},
{9, 10, 11, 12}
};

// Print the values of the 2D array

System.out.println("The values of the 2D array are:");
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { // Iterates through rows
for (int j = 0; j < array[i].length; j++) { // Iterates through columns
System.out.print(array[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println(); // New line after each row
}
}
}
Output:

D:\Ranjith>javac TwoDimensionalArrayExample.java

D:\Ranjith>java TwoDimensionalArrayExample.java
The values of the 2D array are:
1234
5678
9 10 11 12

D:\Ranjith>
6. Write a program to do String Manipulation using Character Array
and perform the following string operations: String length, Finding a
character at a particular position, Concatenating two strings

import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringManipulationUsingCharArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

// Input two strings

System.out.print("Enter the first string: ");
String str1 = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter the second string: ");
String str2 = scanner.nextLine();

// Convert strings to character arrays

char[] charArray1 = str1.toCharArray();
char[] charArray2 = str2.toCharArray();

// String length
int length1 = charArray1.length;
int length2 = charArray2.length;

System.out.println("Length of first string: " + length1);

System.out.println("Length of second string: " + length2);

// Finding a character at a particular position (example position 3)

int position = 3; // You can change the position as needed
if (position < length1) {
System.out.println("Character at position " + position + " in first string: " + charArray1[position]);
} else {
System.out.println("Position " + position + " is out of bounds for the first string.");
}

// Concatenating two strings

char[] concatenatedArray = new char[length1 + length2];
for (int i = 0; i < length1; i++) {
concatenatedArray[i] = charArray1[i];
}
 for (int i = 0; i < length2; i++) {
concatenatedArray[length1 + i] = charArray2[i];
}

// Convert concatenated char array back to string

String concatenatedString = new String(concatenatedArray);
System.out.println("Concatenated string: " + concatenatedString);

scanner.close();
}
}
OUTPUT:
D:\Ranjith>javac StringManipulationUsingCharArray.java

D:\Ranjith>java StringManipulationUsingCharArray
Enter the first string: NIRANJANA
Enter the second string: RANJITH
Length of first string: 9
Length of second string: 7
Character at position 3 in first string: A
Concatenated string: NIRANJANARANJITH

7.Write a JAVA program implementing interface(s)

// Interface for basic vehicle operations

interface Vehicle {
void start(); // Method to start the vehicle
void stop(); // Method to stop the vehicle
}

// Interface for electric vehicle-specific operations

interface ElectricVehicle {
void charge(); // Method to charge the vehicle
}

// Car class implements both Vehicle and ElectricVehicle interfaces

class Car implements Vehicle, ElectricVehicle {

@Override
public void start() {
System.out.println("The car is starting.");
}
 @Override
public void stop() {
System.out.println("The car is stopping.");
}

@Override
public void charge() {
System.out.println("The car is charging.");
}
}

public class InterfaceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create an instance of Car
Car myCar = new Car();

// Use methods from Vehicle interface

myCar.start();
myCar.stop();

// Use methods from ElectricVehicle interface

myCar.charge();
}
}

Output:
D:\Ranjith>javac InterfaceExample.java

D:\Ranjith>java InterfaceExample
The car is starting.
The car is stopping.
The car is charging.

D:\Ranjith>

8.
package vehicles; // Define the package

public class Car {

private String model;
 private int year;

// Constructor
public Car(String model, int year) {
this.model = model;
this.year = year;
}

// Method to display car information

public void displayCarInfo() {
System.out.println("Car Model: " + model);
System.out.println("Car Year: " + year);
}
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import vehicles.Car; // Importing the Car class from the vehicles package

public class Mainran {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating an instance of the Car class
Car myCar = new Car("Tesla Model S", 2023);

// Calling the method to display car information

myCar.displayCarInfo();
}
}
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Output:
Save thes two files in same folder in vehicle
D:\Ranjith>javac Car.java

D:\Ranjith>javac Mainran.java